Pub Date : 2024-01-13DOI: 10.1038/s42949-023-00139-4
Sangung Park, Tong Yao, Satish V. Ukkusuri
A post-disaster recovery process necessitates significant financial and time investment. Previous studies have found the importance of post-disaster spatial recovery heterogeneity, but the recovery heterogeneity has not been extended to the directed recovery relationships despite the significance of sequential recovery plans. Identifying a causal structure between county-level time series data can reveal spatial relationships in the post-disaster recovery process. This study uses a causal discovery method to reveal the spatiotemporal relationships between counties before, during, and after Hurricane Irma in 2017. This study proposes node aggregation methods at different time scales to obtain internally validated causal links. This paper utilizes points of interest data with daily location information from mobile phones and county-level daily nighttime light data. We find intra-regional homogeneity, inter-regional heterogeneity, and a hierarchical structure among urban, suburban, and rural counties based on a network motif analysis. Subsequently, this article suggests county-level post-disaster sequential recovery plans using the causal graph methods. These results help policymakers develop recovery scenarios and estimate the corresponding spatial recovery impacts.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal heterogeneity reveals urban-rural differences in post-disaster recovery","authors":"Sangung Park, Tong Yao, Satish V. Ukkusuri","doi":"10.1038/s42949-023-00139-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42949-023-00139-4","url":null,"abstract":"A post-disaster recovery process necessitates significant financial and time investment. Previous studies have found the importance of post-disaster spatial recovery heterogeneity, but the recovery heterogeneity has not been extended to the directed recovery relationships despite the significance of sequential recovery plans. Identifying a causal structure between county-level time series data can reveal spatial relationships in the post-disaster recovery process. This study uses a causal discovery method to reveal the spatiotemporal relationships between counties before, during, and after Hurricane Irma in 2017. This study proposes node aggregation methods at different time scales to obtain internally validated causal links. This paper utilizes points of interest data with daily location information from mobile phones and county-level daily nighttime light data. We find intra-regional homogeneity, inter-regional heterogeneity, and a hierarchical structure among urban, suburban, and rural counties based on a network motif analysis. Subsequently, this article suggests county-level post-disaster sequential recovery plans using the causal graph methods. These results help policymakers develop recovery scenarios and estimate the corresponding spatial recovery impacts.","PeriodicalId":74322,"journal":{"name":"npj urban sustainability","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42949-023-00139-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139435316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Family responsibility discrimination is a form of discrimination against men and women because of their caregiving responsibilities. Unlike prior studies that have predominantly focused on Western contexts, this study shifts attention to observers’ differentiated discrimination against men and women in China involved in work–family interference. The findings across four main experiments (N = 2577) suggest that shouldering family responsibility in the context of both family interference in work and work interference in family would stimulate more discrimination against men in urban China. We also explore whether a firm’s work–family balance policies can mitigate such discrimination. The results demonstrate that such policies mitigate supervisors’ discrimination against men involved in family interference in work but not observers’ discrimination against men involved in work interference in family. Post-hoc experiments and further tests (N = 931) demonstrate the robustness of our findings and show additional insights. Our findings suggest that gender discrimination in non-Western contexts can be very different.
{"title":"Work–family interference in urban China: gender discrimination and the effects of work–family balance policies","authors":"Yuehua Xu, Shujie Zhang, Manyuan Li, Depeng Liu, Haichuan Zhao, Guiyao Tang","doi":"10.1038/s42949-023-00137-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42949-023-00137-6","url":null,"abstract":"Family responsibility discrimination is a form of discrimination against men and women because of their caregiving responsibilities. Unlike prior studies that have predominantly focused on Western contexts, this study shifts attention to observers’ differentiated discrimination against men and women in China involved in work–family interference. The findings across four main experiments (N = 2577) suggest that shouldering family responsibility in the context of both family interference in work and work interference in family would stimulate more discrimination against men in urban China. We also explore whether a firm’s work–family balance policies can mitigate such discrimination. The results demonstrate that such policies mitigate supervisors’ discrimination against men involved in family interference in work but not observers’ discrimination against men involved in work interference in family. Post-hoc experiments and further tests (N = 931) demonstrate the robustness of our findings and show additional insights. Our findings suggest that gender discrimination in non-Western contexts can be very different.","PeriodicalId":74322,"journal":{"name":"npj urban sustainability","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42949-023-00137-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139379385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.1038/s42949-023-00136-7
Chris Leishman, Weidong Liang, Nicholas Sim
Rapid population expansions in urban areas have significant implications for housing costs, creating challenges for housing affordability. However, estimating the causal effect of population on housing costs is challenging due to various confounding issues, such as unobserved location-specific attributes, measurement error, and the potential bi-directional relationship between population and housing costs. To address them, we adopt a city-level analysis and introduce a novel instrumental variable (IV) that enables us to employ fixed effects IV estimation. Our findings indicate that housing costs tend to increase at a faster rate than population growth. As individuals and households with lower incomes tend to allocate a larger proportion of their earnings to housing expenses, an upward trajectory of housing costs may dramatically widen the inequality in income after housing expenditure.
城市地区人口的快速扩张对住房成本产生了重大影响，给住房可负担性带来了挑战。然而，由于各种混淆问题，如未观察到的特定地点属性、测量误差以及人口与住房成本之间的潜在双向关系，估计人口对住房成本的因果效应具有挑战性。为了解决这些问题，我们采用了城市层面的分析方法，并引入了一种新的工具变量（IV），使我们能够采用固定效应 IV 估计法。我们的研究结果表明，住房成本的增长速度往往快于人口增长速度。由于收入较低的个人和家庭倾向于将较大比例的收入用于住房支出，住房成本的上升轨迹可能会显著扩大住房支出后的收入不平等。
{"title":"The impact of urban population on housing cost: the case of Australia","authors":"Chris Leishman, Weidong Liang, Nicholas Sim","doi":"10.1038/s42949-023-00136-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42949-023-00136-7","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid population expansions in urban areas have significant implications for housing costs, creating challenges for housing affordability. However, estimating the causal effect of population on housing costs is challenging due to various confounding issues, such as unobserved location-specific attributes, measurement error, and the potential bi-directional relationship between population and housing costs. To address them, we adopt a city-level analysis and introduce a novel instrumental variable (IV) that enables us to employ fixed effects IV estimation. Our findings indicate that housing costs tend to increase at a faster rate than population growth. As individuals and households with lower incomes tend to allocate a larger proportion of their earnings to housing expenses, an upward trajectory of housing costs may dramatically widen the inequality in income after housing expenditure.","PeriodicalId":74322,"journal":{"name":"npj urban sustainability","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42949-023-00136-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139090935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-05DOI: 10.1038/s42949-023-00135-8
Roberta Capello, Camilla Lenzi
This paper reassesses the displacement effects of automation technologies from an urban perspective by highlighting heterogeneous effects in urban vs non-urban settings. Specifically, the paper argues that automation technologies in the form of robotisation do displace jobs and shrink the labour force, whatever the territorial context considered. However, this displacement effect particularly hits low-skilled workers in non-urban settings which suffer from the substitution pressure of robots and may exit the labour market. In urban contexts, instead, the low-skilled workers displacement effect is offset by reinstatement effects and, more relevantly, a reorientation of occupations towards more skilled, better paid ones, i.e., élite occupations, raising concerns about a widening of i inequalities in cities vs non-cities. The paper proves these statements in an analysis of the adoption of robot technologies in Italian cities in the period 2009–2019.
{"title":"Automation and labour market inequalities: a comparison between cities and non-cities","authors":"Roberta Capello, Camilla Lenzi","doi":"10.1038/s42949-023-00135-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42949-023-00135-8","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reassesses the displacement effects of automation technologies from an urban perspective by highlighting heterogeneous effects in urban vs non-urban settings. Specifically, the paper argues that automation technologies in the form of robotisation do displace jobs and shrink the labour force, whatever the territorial context considered. However, this displacement effect particularly hits low-skilled workers in non-urban settings which suffer from the substitution pressure of robots and may exit the labour market. In urban contexts, instead, the low-skilled workers displacement effect is offset by reinstatement effects and, more relevantly, a reorientation of occupations towards more skilled, better paid ones, i.e., élite occupations, raising concerns about a widening of i inequalities in cities vs non-cities. The paper proves these statements in an analysis of the adoption of robot technologies in Italian cities in the period 2009–2019.","PeriodicalId":74322,"journal":{"name":"npj urban sustainability","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42949-023-00135-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138598486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.1038/s42949-023-00133-w
David Vale, André Soares Lopes
Active accessibility is a paramount objective of current sustainable urban development policies. Recently, the 15-minute city concept emphasized this framework by stressing proximity as a key urban feature. In this paper, we use two accessibility indicators—cumulative opportunities (total destinations) and Variety (number of different types of opportunities)—to evaluate pedestrian accessibility, using a 15-minute threshold, in a sample of European cities with 100,000 or more inhabitants, and measure within-city and between-city inequality, by calculating pseudo-Gini coefficients. Our results show not only that European cities are not 15-minute cities yet, but also that there is significant inequality within them, although less so in cities with high Variety. Our cross-city comparison found diminishing returns between both total destinations and population density and between Variety and density. Our findings suggest that European cities can increase pedestrian accessibility and reduce internal inequality by increasing the Variety of opportunities accessible by foot, along with improvements to pedestrian infrastructure.
{"title":"Accessibility inequality across Europe: a comparison of 15-minute pedestrian accessibility in cities with 100,000 or more inhabitants","authors":"David Vale, André Soares Lopes","doi":"10.1038/s42949-023-00133-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42949-023-00133-w","url":null,"abstract":"Active accessibility is a paramount objective of current sustainable urban development policies. Recently, the 15-minute city concept emphasized this framework by stressing proximity as a key urban feature. In this paper, we use two accessibility indicators—cumulative opportunities (total destinations) and Variety (number of different types of opportunities)—to evaluate pedestrian accessibility, using a 15-minute threshold, in a sample of European cities with 100,000 or more inhabitants, and measure within-city and between-city inequality, by calculating pseudo-Gini coefficients. Our results show not only that European cities are not 15-minute cities yet, but also that there is significant inequality within them, although less so in cities with high Variety. Our cross-city comparison found diminishing returns between both total destinations and population density and between Variety and density. Our findings suggest that European cities can increase pedestrian accessibility and reduce internal inequality by increasing the Variety of opportunities accessible by foot, along with improvements to pedestrian infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":74322,"journal":{"name":"npj urban sustainability","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42949-023-00133-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138868468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1038/s42949-023-00134-9
Katharina Hölscher, Niki Frantzeskaki, Marcus John Collier, Stuart Connop, Esmee D. Kooijman, Marleen Lodder, Siobhan McQuaid, Paula Vandergert, Dimitra Xidous, Lejla Bešlagić, Gillian Dick, Adina Dumitru, Agnieszka Dziubała, Isobel Fletcher, Cristian Garcia-Espina Adank, María González Vázquez, Natalia Madajczyk, Eleni Malekkidou, Maria Mavroudi, Eleftherios Loizou, Agnieszka Osipiuk, Belma Pasic, Antonio Prieto González, Mien Quartier, Selina Schepers, Nermina Suljević, Ivaylo Trendafilov, Katrien Van De Sijpe, Velichka Velikova, Peter Vos
This paper explores the institutional mainstreaming of nature-based solutions (NBS) to advance a process-based understanding about how to strategically develop the governance capacities needed for systemic, localised and inclusive NBS. To this end, it reports how policy officers in ten European cities have started to mainstream NBS by interacting with and changing incumbent governance arrangements when experimenting with novel governance processes and mechanisms to plan, deliver and steward NBS. Based on these activities of the policy officers, the analysis identifies three strategies, associated stepping stones and changes in governance conditions, to mainstream NBS in governance capacities: institutionalising (a) a systems’ approach to link NBS to policies, regulations, and departments across goals and sectors, (b) inclusive collaborations for localised and inclusive interventions, and (c) reflexivity and learning about how NBS interact with the (institutional, ecological, social, etc.) contexts and create impacts. The strategies illustrate institutional entrepreneurship in interacting with incumbent governance contexts, and how starting from NBS as a type of systemic innovation can promote broader shifts in urban governance arrangements.
{"title":"Strategies for mainstreaming nature-based solutions in urban governance capacities in ten European cities","authors":"Katharina Hölscher, Niki Frantzeskaki, Marcus John Collier, Stuart Connop, Esmee D. Kooijman, Marleen Lodder, Siobhan McQuaid, Paula Vandergert, Dimitra Xidous, Lejla Bešlagić, Gillian Dick, Adina Dumitru, Agnieszka Dziubała, Isobel Fletcher, Cristian Garcia-Espina Adank, María González Vázquez, Natalia Madajczyk, Eleni Malekkidou, Maria Mavroudi, Eleftherios Loizou, Agnieszka Osipiuk, Belma Pasic, Antonio Prieto González, Mien Quartier, Selina Schepers, Nermina Suljević, Ivaylo Trendafilov, Katrien Van De Sijpe, Velichka Velikova, Peter Vos","doi":"10.1038/s42949-023-00134-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42949-023-00134-9","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the institutional mainstreaming of nature-based solutions (NBS) to advance a process-based understanding about how to strategically develop the governance capacities needed for systemic, localised and inclusive NBS. To this end, it reports how policy officers in ten European cities have started to mainstream NBS by interacting with and changing incumbent governance arrangements when experimenting with novel governance processes and mechanisms to plan, deliver and steward NBS. Based on these activities of the policy officers, the analysis identifies three strategies, associated stepping stones and changes in governance conditions, to mainstream NBS in governance capacities: institutionalising (a) a systems’ approach to link NBS to policies, regulations, and departments across goals and sectors, (b) inclusive collaborations for localised and inclusive interventions, and (c) reflexivity and learning about how NBS interact with the (institutional, ecological, social, etc.) contexts and create impacts. The strategies illustrate institutional entrepreneurship in interacting with incumbent governance contexts, and how starting from NBS as a type of systemic innovation can promote broader shifts in urban governance arrangements.","PeriodicalId":74322,"journal":{"name":"npj urban sustainability","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42949-023-00134-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135341893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-04DOI: 10.1038/s42949-023-00131-y
Di Yang, Wei-Xin Luan, Xiaoling Zhang
Previous research on global urban land expansion has primarily focused on accommodating the growing population without adequately considering the trade-offs between urban land and ecological services. Consequently, it is important to investigate the effect of this expansion on the ecological service system, while also examining the potential trade-offs between population growth and available urban land. Here, we quantify how different global land expansion options contribute to reconciling global population changes and to compliance with the UN Sustainable Development Goal 11 on sustainable cities and human settlements. Using an integrated framework for projecting global land consumption with the trade-off strategy between global land expansion and population under shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), we aim to bridge the knowledge gap in this area. The results of our study suggest that implementing a trade-off strategy between global land expansion and population growth can successfully reduce the levels of global land consumption in the future. Under the SSP1 scenario, for instance, our findings indicate that implementing trade-off policies can significantly reduce land consumption while increasing carbon sinks and protecting the global ecological service system. Specifically, converting land to forest or grassland can help decrease land consumption by 8.07% by the end of the 21st century. These insights can be valuable in designing land use policies that incorporate data-based solutions and address the challenges of sustainable urban development while also accommodating population growth.
{"title":"Projecting spatial interactions between global population and land use changes in the 21st century","authors":"Di Yang, Wei-Xin Luan, Xiaoling Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s42949-023-00131-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42949-023-00131-y","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research on global urban land expansion has primarily focused on accommodating the growing population without adequately considering the trade-offs between urban land and ecological services. Consequently, it is important to investigate the effect of this expansion on the ecological service system, while also examining the potential trade-offs between population growth and available urban land. Here, we quantify how different global land expansion options contribute to reconciling global population changes and to compliance with the UN Sustainable Development Goal 11 on sustainable cities and human settlements. Using an integrated framework for projecting global land consumption with the trade-off strategy between global land expansion and population under shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), we aim to bridge the knowledge gap in this area. The results of our study suggest that implementing a trade-off strategy between global land expansion and population growth can successfully reduce the levels of global land consumption in the future. Under the SSP1 scenario, for instance, our findings indicate that implementing trade-off policies can significantly reduce land consumption while increasing carbon sinks and protecting the global ecological service system. Specifically, converting land to forest or grassland can help decrease land consumption by 8.07% by the end of the 21st century. These insights can be valuable in designing land use policies that incorporate data-based solutions and address the challenges of sustainable urban development while also accommodating population growth.","PeriodicalId":74322,"journal":{"name":"npj urban sustainability","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42949-023-00131-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135773572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1038/s42949-023-00132-x
Chenling Fu, Tianjie Deng, Yan Zhang
Buildings, infrastructure, and durable goods play a critical role in urbanization, akin to bones and muscles that structure the human body. These stocks contribute to the exploitation of over half of the world’s resources and offer potential “urban mining” sources. However, the process of resource transformation regarding urban material stock growth and material flow alteration remains unclear. The metaphor of urban metabolism provides a new perspective to dissect this process, but current studies often spotlight only specific fragments, such as certain end-use types or materials. This study bridges this gap by establishing a comprehensive level-to-level analysis of urban “bone-muscle” metabolism in China’s megacities. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of urban metabolism in China’s megacities, tracking the lifecycle of material stock across over a hundred distinct end-use types and 12 categories of materials. Results indicate that annual metabolic flow in these cities has doubled since the early 21st century, reaching 264–737 Mt in 2018, with manufacturing, construction, and transportation as primary drivers. As accumulation intensifies, the material stock’s growth rate diminishes logarithmically, hinting at increased efficiency and a move towards a steady state. Concurrently, scrap flow is on the rise. Driven by population growth, per capita scrap is projected to reach 2.0–4.7 t/cap by 2035, and material stock is expected to rise 1.4–2 fold. Proactive population planning and coordinated development strategies can mitigate the risks associated with this growth and maintain urban system stability.
{"title":"Urban metabolic flow in China’s megacities doubled by material stock accumulation since the 21st century","authors":"Chenling Fu, Tianjie Deng, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s42949-023-00132-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42949-023-00132-x","url":null,"abstract":"Buildings, infrastructure, and durable goods play a critical role in urbanization, akin to bones and muscles that structure the human body. These stocks contribute to the exploitation of over half of the world’s resources and offer potential “urban mining” sources. However, the process of resource transformation regarding urban material stock growth and material flow alteration remains unclear. The metaphor of urban metabolism provides a new perspective to dissect this process, but current studies often spotlight only specific fragments, such as certain end-use types or materials. This study bridges this gap by establishing a comprehensive level-to-level analysis of urban “bone-muscle” metabolism in China’s megacities. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of urban metabolism in China’s megacities, tracking the lifecycle of material stock across over a hundred distinct end-use types and 12 categories of materials. Results indicate that annual metabolic flow in these cities has doubled since the early 21st century, reaching 264–737 Mt in 2018, with manufacturing, construction, and transportation as primary drivers. As accumulation intensifies, the material stock’s growth rate diminishes logarithmically, hinting at increased efficiency and a move towards a steady state. Concurrently, scrap flow is on the rise. Driven by population growth, per capita scrap is projected to reach 2.0–4.7 t/cap by 2035, and material stock is expected to rise 1.4–2 fold. Proactive population planning and coordinated development strategies can mitigate the risks associated with this growth and maintain urban system stability.","PeriodicalId":74322,"journal":{"name":"npj urban sustainability","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42949-023-00132-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135730306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1038/s42949-023-00130-z
Peter Newman
Covid is fading into history in our cities around the world, but its implications are still worth reflecting upon. This special collection called “Covid, Cities and Sustainability” in npj Urban Sustainability has been a pleasure to encourage and edit for the reflections it has provided.
{"title":"Covid, cities, and sustainability: a reflection on the legacy of a global pandemic","authors":"Peter Newman","doi":"10.1038/s42949-023-00130-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42949-023-00130-z","url":null,"abstract":"Covid is fading into history in our cities around the world, but its implications are still worth reflecting upon. This special collection called “Covid, Cities and Sustainability” in npj Urban Sustainability has been a pleasure to encourage and edit for the reflections it has provided.","PeriodicalId":74322,"journal":{"name":"npj urban sustainability","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42949-023-00130-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.1038/s42949-023-00129-6
Holly Caggiano, Diren Kocakuşak, Pranay Kumar, Melissa O. Tier
While cities in the United States play an active role developing and implementing climate policy, urban centers are often sites of socio-spatial inequity. Thus, we explore how cities grapple with these inequities in their Climate Action Plans (CAPs). While CAPs can empower cities to engage in equitable planning practices that prioritize marginalized communities, little empirical research examines how equity goals are measured and evaluated. We find that among large U.S. cities with CAPs, less than one third include measurable indicators to evaluate progress towards achieving equity goals. Across climate adaptation and mitigation planning, nineteen cities consider equity goals as they relate to ten thematic areas, six outcomes, and five dimensions of equity. We suggest ways forward for cities to develop, implement, and measure a diverse and holistic set of equity indicators to use in their climate planning efforts and beyond.
尽管美国的城市在制定和实施气候政策方面发挥着积极作用，但城市中心往往是社会空间不平等的场所。因此，我们探讨了城市如何在其气候行动计划（CAP）中应对这些不平等现象。虽然气候行动计划可以使城市参与公平的规划实践，优先考虑边缘化社区，但很少有实证研究探讨如何衡量和评估公平目标。我们发现，在制定了 CAP 的美国大城市中，只有不到三分之一的城市制定了可衡量的指标来评估实现公平目标的进展情况。在气候适应和减缓规划中，19 个城市考虑了与 10 个主题领域、6 项成果和 5 个公平维度相关的公平目标。我们建议各城市在制定、实施和衡量其气候规划工作及其他工作中使用的一系列多样化、整体性的公平指标时，应采取哪些方法。
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