Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.1038/s42949-023-00133-w
David Vale, André Soares Lopes
Active accessibility is a paramount objective of current sustainable urban development policies. Recently, the 15-minute city concept emphasized this framework by stressing proximity as a key urban feature. In this paper, we use two accessibility indicators—cumulative opportunities (total destinations) and Variety (number of different types of opportunities)—to evaluate pedestrian accessibility, using a 15-minute threshold, in a sample of European cities with 100,000 or more inhabitants, and measure within-city and between-city inequality, by calculating pseudo-Gini coefficients. Our results show not only that European cities are not 15-minute cities yet, but also that there is significant inequality within them, although less so in cities with high Variety. Our cross-city comparison found diminishing returns between both total destinations and population density and between Variety and density. Our findings suggest that European cities can increase pedestrian accessibility and reduce internal inequality by increasing the Variety of opportunities accessible by foot, along with improvements to pedestrian infrastructure.
{"title":"Accessibility inequality across Europe: a comparison of 15-minute pedestrian accessibility in cities with 100,000 or more inhabitants","authors":"David Vale, André Soares Lopes","doi":"10.1038/s42949-023-00133-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42949-023-00133-w","url":null,"abstract":"Active accessibility is a paramount objective of current sustainable urban development policies. Recently, the 15-minute city concept emphasized this framework by stressing proximity as a key urban feature. In this paper, we use two accessibility indicators—cumulative opportunities (total destinations) and Variety (number of different types of opportunities)—to evaluate pedestrian accessibility, using a 15-minute threshold, in a sample of European cities with 100,000 or more inhabitants, and measure within-city and between-city inequality, by calculating pseudo-Gini coefficients. Our results show not only that European cities are not 15-minute cities yet, but also that there is significant inequality within them, although less so in cities with high Variety. Our cross-city comparison found diminishing returns between both total destinations and population density and between Variety and density. Our findings suggest that European cities can increase pedestrian accessibility and reduce internal inequality by increasing the Variety of opportunities accessible by foot, along with improvements to pedestrian infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":74322,"journal":{"name":"npj urban sustainability","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42949-023-00133-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138868468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1038/s42949-023-00134-9
Katharina Hölscher, Niki Frantzeskaki, Marcus John Collier, Stuart Connop, Esmee D. Kooijman, Marleen Lodder, Siobhan McQuaid, Paula Vandergert, Dimitra Xidous, Lejla Bešlagić, Gillian Dick, Adina Dumitru, Agnieszka Dziubała, Isobel Fletcher, Cristian Garcia-Espina Adank, María González Vázquez, Natalia Madajczyk, Eleni Malekkidou, Maria Mavroudi, Eleftherios Loizou, Agnieszka Osipiuk, Belma Pasic, Antonio Prieto González, Mien Quartier, Selina Schepers, Nermina Suljević, Ivaylo Trendafilov, Katrien Van De Sijpe, Velichka Velikova, Peter Vos
This paper explores the institutional mainstreaming of nature-based solutions (NBS) to advance a process-based understanding about how to strategically develop the governance capacities needed for systemic, localised and inclusive NBS. To this end, it reports how policy officers in ten European cities have started to mainstream NBS by interacting with and changing incumbent governance arrangements when experimenting with novel governance processes and mechanisms to plan, deliver and steward NBS. Based on these activities of the policy officers, the analysis identifies three strategies, associated stepping stones and changes in governance conditions, to mainstream NBS in governance capacities: institutionalising (a) a systems’ approach to link NBS to policies, regulations, and departments across goals and sectors, (b) inclusive collaborations for localised and inclusive interventions, and (c) reflexivity and learning about how NBS interact with the (institutional, ecological, social, etc.) contexts and create impacts. The strategies illustrate institutional entrepreneurship in interacting with incumbent governance contexts, and how starting from NBS as a type of systemic innovation can promote broader shifts in urban governance arrangements.
{"title":"Strategies for mainstreaming nature-based solutions in urban governance capacities in ten European cities","authors":"Katharina Hölscher, Niki Frantzeskaki, Marcus John Collier, Stuart Connop, Esmee D. Kooijman, Marleen Lodder, Siobhan McQuaid, Paula Vandergert, Dimitra Xidous, Lejla Bešlagić, Gillian Dick, Adina Dumitru, Agnieszka Dziubała, Isobel Fletcher, Cristian Garcia-Espina Adank, María González Vázquez, Natalia Madajczyk, Eleni Malekkidou, Maria Mavroudi, Eleftherios Loizou, Agnieszka Osipiuk, Belma Pasic, Antonio Prieto González, Mien Quartier, Selina Schepers, Nermina Suljević, Ivaylo Trendafilov, Katrien Van De Sijpe, Velichka Velikova, Peter Vos","doi":"10.1038/s42949-023-00134-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42949-023-00134-9","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the institutional mainstreaming of nature-based solutions (NBS) to advance a process-based understanding about how to strategically develop the governance capacities needed for systemic, localised and inclusive NBS. To this end, it reports how policy officers in ten European cities have started to mainstream NBS by interacting with and changing incumbent governance arrangements when experimenting with novel governance processes and mechanisms to plan, deliver and steward NBS. Based on these activities of the policy officers, the analysis identifies three strategies, associated stepping stones and changes in governance conditions, to mainstream NBS in governance capacities: institutionalising (a) a systems’ approach to link NBS to policies, regulations, and departments across goals and sectors, (b) inclusive collaborations for localised and inclusive interventions, and (c) reflexivity and learning about how NBS interact with the (institutional, ecological, social, etc.) contexts and create impacts. The strategies illustrate institutional entrepreneurship in interacting with incumbent governance contexts, and how starting from NBS as a type of systemic innovation can promote broader shifts in urban governance arrangements.","PeriodicalId":74322,"journal":{"name":"npj urban sustainability","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42949-023-00134-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135341893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-04DOI: 10.1038/s42949-023-00131-y
Di Yang, Wei-Xin Luan, Xiaoling Zhang
Previous research on global urban land expansion has primarily focused on accommodating the growing population without adequately considering the trade-offs between urban land and ecological services. Consequently, it is important to investigate the effect of this expansion on the ecological service system, while also examining the potential trade-offs between population growth and available urban land. Here, we quantify how different global land expansion options contribute to reconciling global population changes and to compliance with the UN Sustainable Development Goal 11 on sustainable cities and human settlements. Using an integrated framework for projecting global land consumption with the trade-off strategy between global land expansion and population under shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), we aim to bridge the knowledge gap in this area. The results of our study suggest that implementing a trade-off strategy between global land expansion and population growth can successfully reduce the levels of global land consumption in the future. Under the SSP1 scenario, for instance, our findings indicate that implementing trade-off policies can significantly reduce land consumption while increasing carbon sinks and protecting the global ecological service system. Specifically, converting land to forest or grassland can help decrease land consumption by 8.07% by the end of the 21st century. These insights can be valuable in designing land use policies that incorporate data-based solutions and address the challenges of sustainable urban development while also accommodating population growth.
{"title":"Projecting spatial interactions between global population and land use changes in the 21st century","authors":"Di Yang, Wei-Xin Luan, Xiaoling Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s42949-023-00131-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42949-023-00131-y","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research on global urban land expansion has primarily focused on accommodating the growing population without adequately considering the trade-offs between urban land and ecological services. Consequently, it is important to investigate the effect of this expansion on the ecological service system, while also examining the potential trade-offs between population growth and available urban land. Here, we quantify how different global land expansion options contribute to reconciling global population changes and to compliance with the UN Sustainable Development Goal 11 on sustainable cities and human settlements. Using an integrated framework for projecting global land consumption with the trade-off strategy between global land expansion and population under shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), we aim to bridge the knowledge gap in this area. The results of our study suggest that implementing a trade-off strategy between global land expansion and population growth can successfully reduce the levels of global land consumption in the future. Under the SSP1 scenario, for instance, our findings indicate that implementing trade-off policies can significantly reduce land consumption while increasing carbon sinks and protecting the global ecological service system. Specifically, converting land to forest or grassland can help decrease land consumption by 8.07% by the end of the 21st century. These insights can be valuable in designing land use policies that incorporate data-based solutions and address the challenges of sustainable urban development while also accommodating population growth.","PeriodicalId":74322,"journal":{"name":"npj urban sustainability","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42949-023-00131-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135773572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1038/s42949-023-00132-x
Chenling Fu, Tianjie Deng, Yan Zhang
Buildings, infrastructure, and durable goods play a critical role in urbanization, akin to bones and muscles that structure the human body. These stocks contribute to the exploitation of over half of the world’s resources and offer potential “urban mining” sources. However, the process of resource transformation regarding urban material stock growth and material flow alteration remains unclear. The metaphor of urban metabolism provides a new perspective to dissect this process, but current studies often spotlight only specific fragments, such as certain end-use types or materials. This study bridges this gap by establishing a comprehensive level-to-level analysis of urban “bone-muscle” metabolism in China’s megacities. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of urban metabolism in China’s megacities, tracking the lifecycle of material stock across over a hundred distinct end-use types and 12 categories of materials. Results indicate that annual metabolic flow in these cities has doubled since the early 21st century, reaching 264–737 Mt in 2018, with manufacturing, construction, and transportation as primary drivers. As accumulation intensifies, the material stock’s growth rate diminishes logarithmically, hinting at increased efficiency and a move towards a steady state. Concurrently, scrap flow is on the rise. Driven by population growth, per capita scrap is projected to reach 2.0–4.7 t/cap by 2035, and material stock is expected to rise 1.4–2 fold. Proactive population planning and coordinated development strategies can mitigate the risks associated with this growth and maintain urban system stability.
{"title":"Urban metabolic flow in China’s megacities doubled by material stock accumulation since the 21st century","authors":"Chenling Fu, Tianjie Deng, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s42949-023-00132-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42949-023-00132-x","url":null,"abstract":"Buildings, infrastructure, and durable goods play a critical role in urbanization, akin to bones and muscles that structure the human body. These stocks contribute to the exploitation of over half of the world’s resources and offer potential “urban mining” sources. However, the process of resource transformation regarding urban material stock growth and material flow alteration remains unclear. The metaphor of urban metabolism provides a new perspective to dissect this process, but current studies often spotlight only specific fragments, such as certain end-use types or materials. This study bridges this gap by establishing a comprehensive level-to-level analysis of urban “bone-muscle” metabolism in China’s megacities. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of urban metabolism in China’s megacities, tracking the lifecycle of material stock across over a hundred distinct end-use types and 12 categories of materials. Results indicate that annual metabolic flow in these cities has doubled since the early 21st century, reaching 264–737 Mt in 2018, with manufacturing, construction, and transportation as primary drivers. As accumulation intensifies, the material stock’s growth rate diminishes logarithmically, hinting at increased efficiency and a move towards a steady state. Concurrently, scrap flow is on the rise. Driven by population growth, per capita scrap is projected to reach 2.0–4.7 t/cap by 2035, and material stock is expected to rise 1.4–2 fold. Proactive population planning and coordinated development strategies can mitigate the risks associated with this growth and maintain urban system stability.","PeriodicalId":74322,"journal":{"name":"npj urban sustainability","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42949-023-00132-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135730306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1038/s42949-023-00130-z
Peter Newman
Covid is fading into history in our cities around the world, but its implications are still worth reflecting upon. This special collection called “Covid, Cities and Sustainability” in npj Urban Sustainability has been a pleasure to encourage and edit for the reflections it has provided.
{"title":"Covid, cities, and sustainability: a reflection on the legacy of a global pandemic","authors":"Peter Newman","doi":"10.1038/s42949-023-00130-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42949-023-00130-z","url":null,"abstract":"Covid is fading into history in our cities around the world, but its implications are still worth reflecting upon. This special collection called “Covid, Cities and Sustainability” in npj Urban Sustainability has been a pleasure to encourage and edit for the reflections it has provided.","PeriodicalId":74322,"journal":{"name":"npj urban sustainability","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42949-023-00130-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.1038/s42949-023-00129-6
Holly Caggiano, Diren Kocakuşak, Pranay Kumar, Melissa O. Tier
While cities in the United States play an active role developing and implementing climate policy, urban centers are often sites of socio-spatial inequity. Thus, we explore how cities grapple with these inequities in their Climate Action Plans (CAPs). While CAPs can empower cities to engage in equitable planning practices that prioritize marginalized communities, little empirical research examines how equity goals are measured and evaluated. We find that among large U.S. cities with CAPs, less than one third include measurable indicators to evaluate progress towards achieving equity goals. Across climate adaptation and mitigation planning, nineteen cities consider equity goals as they relate to ten thematic areas, six outcomes, and five dimensions of equity. We suggest ways forward for cities to develop, implement, and measure a diverse and holistic set of equity indicators to use in their climate planning efforts and beyond.
尽管美国的城市在制定和实施气候政策方面发挥着积极作用，但城市中心往往是社会空间不平等的场所。因此，我们探讨了城市如何在其气候行动计划（CAP）中应对这些不平等现象。虽然气候行动计划可以使城市参与公平的规划实践，优先考虑边缘化社区，但很少有实证研究探讨如何衡量和评估公平目标。我们发现，在制定了 CAP 的美国大城市中，只有不到三分之一的城市制定了可衡量的指标来评估实现公平目标的进展情况。在气候适应和减缓规划中，19 个城市考虑了与 10 个主题领域、6 项成果和 5 个公平维度相关的公平目标。我们建议各城市在制定、实施和衡量其气候规划工作及其他工作中使用的一系列多样化、整体性的公平指标时，应采取哪些方法。
{"title":"U.S. cities’ integration and evaluation of equity considerations into climate action plans","authors":"Holly Caggiano, Diren Kocakuşak, Pranay Kumar, Melissa O. Tier","doi":"10.1038/s42949-023-00129-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42949-023-00129-6","url":null,"abstract":"While cities in the United States play an active role developing and implementing climate policy, urban centers are often sites of socio-spatial inequity. Thus, we explore how cities grapple with these inequities in their Climate Action Plans (CAPs). While CAPs can empower cities to engage in equitable planning practices that prioritize marginalized communities, little empirical research examines how equity goals are measured and evaluated. We find that among large U.S. cities with CAPs, less than one third include measurable indicators to evaluate progress towards achieving equity goals. Across climate adaptation and mitigation planning, nineteen cities consider equity goals as they relate to ten thematic areas, six outcomes, and five dimensions of equity. We suggest ways forward for cities to develop, implement, and measure a diverse and holistic set of equity indicators to use in their climate planning efforts and beyond.","PeriodicalId":74322,"journal":{"name":"npj urban sustainability","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42949-023-00129-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135689718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.1038/s42949-023-00127-8
Sanna Ala-Mantila, Antti Kurvinen, Aleksi Karhula
As a result of the ongoing urbanization megatrend, cities have an increasingly critical role in the search for sustainability. To create sustainable strategies for cities and to follow up if they induce desired effects proper metrics on the inter and intra-urban development is needed. In this paper, we analyze the sustainability development in the 20 largest cities in Finland through a residential area classification framework. The results based on high-quality register data show concerning trends in some sustainability measures, and divergent trends between cities and residential areas within. Overall, while densities have increased modestly, we see no clear signs of decreasing car ownership rates. Further, also manifestations of social sustainability seem to be insufficient in many locations–especially in residential mid-rise areas from the ''60s and ''70s, and ''80s and ''90s.
{"title":"Measuring sustainable urban development in residential areas of the 20 biggest Finnish cities","authors":"Sanna Ala-Mantila, Antti Kurvinen, Aleksi Karhula","doi":"10.1038/s42949-023-00127-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42949-023-00127-8","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of the ongoing urbanization megatrend, cities have an increasingly critical role in the search for sustainability. To create sustainable strategies for cities and to follow up if they induce desired effects proper metrics on the inter and intra-urban development is needed. In this paper, we analyze the sustainability development in the 20 largest cities in Finland through a residential area classification framework. The results based on high-quality register data show concerning trends in some sustainability measures, and divergent trends between cities and residential areas within. Overall, while densities have increased modestly, we see no clear signs of decreasing car ownership rates. Further, also manifestations of social sustainability seem to be insufficient in many locations–especially in residential mid-rise areas from the ''60s and ''70s, and ''80s and ''90s.","PeriodicalId":74322,"journal":{"name":"npj urban sustainability","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42949-023-00127-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43007806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-19DOI: 10.1038/s42949-023-00114-z
Rajat Verma, Satish V. Ukkusuri
Measures of walkability generally do not provide a detailed quantitative assessment of pedestrian infrastructure development prioritization. In this study, a link-based composite measure of walkability and walking is introduced to overcome this limitation. This measure, called ‘pednet score’, is based on a weighted pedestrian network (‘pednet’) made of sidewalks and crosswalks whose edge weights are descriptive of their popularity. Edge popularity is derived from home-based walk trip assignments derived from simulated pedestrian demand. Properties of the pednet score are studied using three hypothetical variants of the pednet in three North American cities, each involving the addition of candidate sidewalk and/or crosswalk segments. It is shown that a strategic selection of these segments based on pednet score can substantially increase walking trips, in some cases up to 236%, and reduce current mean pedestrian trip distances by up to 340 m. A mixed development approach involving both sidewalks and crosswalks also shows considerably higher improvement than those segments considered alone. Results from marginal benefit curves strongly indicate the utility of the pednet score as a measure of link criticality for segment prioritization in pedestrian network design.
{"title":"A link criticality approach for pedestrian network design to promote walking","authors":"Rajat Verma, Satish V. Ukkusuri","doi":"10.1038/s42949-023-00114-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42949-023-00114-z","url":null,"abstract":"Measures of walkability generally do not provide a detailed quantitative assessment of pedestrian infrastructure development prioritization. In this study, a link-based composite measure of walkability and walking is introduced to overcome this limitation. This measure, called ‘pednet score’, is based on a weighted pedestrian network (‘pednet’) made of sidewalks and crosswalks whose edge weights are descriptive of their popularity. Edge popularity is derived from home-based walk trip assignments derived from simulated pedestrian demand. Properties of the pednet score are studied using three hypothetical variants of the pednet in three North American cities, each involving the addition of candidate sidewalk and/or crosswalk segments. It is shown that a strategic selection of these segments based on pednet score can substantially increase walking trips, in some cases up to 236%, and reduce current mean pedestrian trip distances by up to 340 m. A mixed development approach involving both sidewalks and crosswalks also shows considerably higher improvement than those segments considered alone. Results from marginal benefit curves strongly indicate the utility of the pednet score as a measure of link criticality for segment prioritization in pedestrian network design.","PeriodicalId":74322,"journal":{"name":"npj urban sustainability","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42949-023-00114-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41878864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.1038/s42949-023-00128-7
Celina Aznarez, Jens-Christian Svenning, Juan Pablo Pacheco, Frederik Have Kallesøe, Francesc Baró, Unai Pascual
Socio-economic and historical drivers shape urban nature distribution and characteristics, as luxury (wealth-related) and legacy (historical management) effects. Using remote sensing and census data on biodiversity and socio-economic indicators, we examined these effects on urban biodiversity and vegetation cover in Vitoria-Gasteiz (Basque Country). We also tested the luxury and legacy hypotheses on regulating ecosystem services (ES) and explored predictor interactions. Higher educational attainment positively correlated with urban biodiversity, confirming the luxury effect, but had no effect on vegetation cover or ES. Older areas had higher vegetation cover and ES evidencing a legacy effect with an inverse response on biodiversity, attributable to more recent management strategies promoting biodiversity in green spaces. Habitat quality amplified the luxury effect, while population density strengthened the legacy effect. Our results suggest that urban biodiversity is mainly driven by socio-economic factors, while vegetation cover and ES are influenced by management legacies in interaction with population density.
社会经济和历史驱动因素塑造了城市自然分布和特征，如奢侈品（与财富相关）和遗产（历史管理）效应。利用关于生物多样性和社会经济指标的遥感和普查数据，我们研究了这些因素对巴斯克地区维多利亚-加斯蒂斯城市生物多样性和植被覆盖的影响。我们还检验了调节生态系统服务（ES）的奢侈性和传承性假设，并探索了预测因素之间的相互作用。较高的教育程度与城市生物多样性呈正相关，证实了奢侈效应，但对植被覆盖率或生态系统服务没有影响。较老区域的植被覆盖率和 ES 较高，这证明了遗产效应与生物多样性的反向反应，这归因于近期促进绿地生物多样性的管理策略。栖息地质量扩大了奢侈效应，而人口密度则加强了遗产效应。我们的研究结果表明，城市生物多样性主要由社会经济因素驱动，而植被覆盖率和生态系统服务受管理遗产与人口密度相互作用的影响。
{"title":"Luxury and legacy effects on urban biodiversity, vegetation cover and ecosystem services","authors":"Celina Aznarez, Jens-Christian Svenning, Juan Pablo Pacheco, Frederik Have Kallesøe, Francesc Baró, Unai Pascual","doi":"10.1038/s42949-023-00128-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42949-023-00128-7","url":null,"abstract":"Socio-economic and historical drivers shape urban nature distribution and characteristics, as luxury (wealth-related) and legacy (historical management) effects. Using remote sensing and census data on biodiversity and socio-economic indicators, we examined these effects on urban biodiversity and vegetation cover in Vitoria-Gasteiz (Basque Country). We also tested the luxury and legacy hypotheses on regulating ecosystem services (ES) and explored predictor interactions. Higher educational attainment positively correlated with urban biodiversity, confirming the luxury effect, but had no effect on vegetation cover or ES. Older areas had higher vegetation cover and ES evidencing a legacy effect with an inverse response on biodiversity, attributable to more recent management strategies promoting biodiversity in green spaces. Habitat quality amplified the luxury effect, while population density strengthened the legacy effect. Our results suggest that urban biodiversity is mainly driven by socio-economic factors, while vegetation cover and ES are influenced by management legacies in interaction with population density.","PeriodicalId":74322,"journal":{"name":"npj urban sustainability","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42949-023-00128-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46157477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.1038/s42949-023-00126-9
Lindsay Cole, Maggie Low
Cities are facing increasing pressures to address complex challenges of climate change, equity, and reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples as intersecting issues, and innovation into planning and policy-making processes is urgently needed to achieve this. It is no longer good enough to work on these challenges discreetly, or solely within the dominant, western colonial paradigm and practices of governance. There are ongoing harms being caused by climate work that does not embed justice, and there are missed opportunities for synergies across these domains as they have the same systemic root causes. Cities must adapt and transform the processes and practices of planning and policy-making in order to work at these problematic roots. Drawing on an empirical study, this article describes how social innovation, systemic design, and decolonizing practices can shape a different approach to planning and policy-making processes when working at the intersections of climate, equity, and decolonization.
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