Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203139
Christian Napoli, Samuele Russo, L. Iocchi, Nicolo’ Brandizzi, Simone Tedeschi, Sveva Pepe
Human–robot interactions require the ability of the system to determine if the user is paying attention. However, to train such systems, massive amounts of data are required. In this study, we addressed the issue of data scarcity by constructing a large dataset (containing ~120,000 photographs) for the attention detection task. Then, by using this dataset, we established a powerful baseline system. In addition, we extended the proposed system by adding an auxiliary face detection module and introducing a unique GAN-based data augmentation technique. Experimental results revealed that the proposed system yields superior performance compared to baseline models and achieves an accuracy of 88% on the test set. Finally, we created a web application for testing the proposed model in real time.
{"title":"Human Attention Assessment Using A Machine Learning Approach with GAN-based Data Augmentation Technique Trained Using a Custom Dataset","authors":"Christian Napoli, Samuele Russo, L. Iocchi, Nicolo’ Brandizzi, Simone Tedeschi, Sveva Pepe","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203139","url":null,"abstract":"Human–robot interactions require the ability of the system to determine if the user is paying attention. However, to train such systems, massive amounts of data are required. In this study, we addressed the issue of data scarcity by constructing a large dataset (containing ~120,000 photographs) for the attention detection task. Then, by using this dataset, we established a powerful baseline system. In addition, we extended the proposed system by adding an auxiliary face detection module and introducing a unique GAN-based data augmentation technique. Experimental results revealed that the proposed system yields superior performance compared to baseline models and achieves an accuracy of 88% on the test set. Finally, we created a web application for testing the proposed model in real time.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44239559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203137
Igor Val Danilov, Araksia Svajyan, S. Mihailova
This study aims to observe the differences in the shared intentionality magnitude in mother-child dyads with neurotypical (NT) children and neurodivergent (ND) children aged 3-6 years. The quality of shared intentionality in infancy is associated with cognitive development. Our results showed that ND children scored six times higher (on average) in quiz-test than NT children. Children with difficulties in interaction (ND children) are more likely to use shared intentionality in conversation than NT children. We believe that this knowledge can contribute to developing computerized assessment methods which can diagnose developmental disabilities in such children.
{"title":"Computerized Assessment of Cognitive Development in Neurotypical and Neurodivergent Children","authors":"Igor Val Danilov, Araksia Svajyan, S. Mihailova","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203137","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to observe the differences in the shared intentionality magnitude in mother-child dyads with neurotypical (NT) children and neurodivergent (ND) children aged 3-6 years. The quality of shared intentionality in infancy is associated with cognitive development. Our results showed that ND children scored six times higher (on average) in quiz-test than NT children. Children with difficulties in interaction (ND children) are more likely to use shared intentionality in conversation than NT children. We believe that this knowledge can contribute to developing computerized assessment methods which can diagnose developmental disabilities in such children.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46664305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203135
O. Ilesanmi, U. Okotie, E. Adeogun, Aleneme Chinenye, Rosephine Enadeghe
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that is deleterious to brain development as it increases brain aging. Trévo is a multi-herbal supplement that provides various health benefits, including boosting the immune system and detoxification. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of Trévo against the neurotoxic effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). Thirty male Wistar rats were equally divided into three groups: Group I (normal control), Group II (administered CdCl2), and Group III (administered Trévo and CdCl2), and were used in the experiments. Animals were pretreated with 2 mL/kg of Trévo for five days and injected with Cd intraperitoneally 3 h later. Cd significantly increased the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), amyloidogenesis, activation of caspase 3 and 9, and the production of p53 and glutamate. It also inhibited the activity of Na+/K+ ATPase, glutamate dehydrogenase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase. The administration of Trévo revealed its antioxidant, anti-amyloidogenic, anti-excitotoxicity, and anticholinesterase properties as it prevented the biochemical changes induced by Cd toxicity in the brain of male Wistar rats. Our results supported the reported health benefits of Trévo as a good dietary supplement in preventing the toxic effects of poisonous substances, such as cadmium.
{"title":"Neuroprotective (Antioxidant, Antiamyloidogenic, and Antiexcitatory) Effects of TrévoTM against Cadmium Chloride Neurotoxicity in Adult Male Wistar Rats","authors":"O. Ilesanmi, U. Okotie, E. Adeogun, Aleneme Chinenye, Rosephine Enadeghe","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203135","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that is deleterious to brain development as it increases brain aging. Trévo is a multi-herbal supplement that provides various health benefits, including boosting the immune system and detoxification. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of Trévo against the neurotoxic effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). Thirty male Wistar rats were equally divided into three groups: Group I (normal control), Group II (administered CdCl2), and Group III (administered Trévo and CdCl2), and were used in the experiments. Animals were pretreated with 2 mL/kg of Trévo for five days and injected with Cd intraperitoneally 3 h later. Cd significantly increased the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), amyloidogenesis, activation of caspase 3 and 9, and the production of p53 and glutamate. It also inhibited the activity of Na+/K+ ATPase, glutamate dehydrogenase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase. The administration of Trévo revealed its antioxidant, anti-amyloidogenic, anti-excitotoxicity, and anticholinesterase properties as it prevented the biochemical changes induced by Cd toxicity in the brain of male Wistar rats. Our results supported the reported health benefits of Trévo as a good dietary supplement in preventing the toxic effects of poisonous substances, such as cadmium.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46060012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203136
Obm Neurobiology Editorial Office
InterviewAn Interview with Dr. Francisco J. Barrantes OBM Neurobiology Editorial OfficeLIDSEN Publishing Inc., 2000 Auburn Drive, One Chagrin Highlands, Suite 200, Beachwood, OH, USA; E-Mail: neurobiology@lidsen.comOBM Neurobiology2022, volume 6, issue 3doi:10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203136Received: September 22, 2022Accepted: September 23, 2022Published: September 26, 2022
专访Dr. Francisco J. Barrantes OBM神经生物学编辑部elidsen出版公司，2000 Auburn Drive, One Chagrin Highlands, Suite 200, Beachwood, OH, USA;E-Mail: neurobiology@lidsen.comOBM Neurobiology2022，第6卷，第3期doi:10.21926/obm.neurobiol。2203136收稿日期:2022年9月22日接收日期:2022年9月23日发布日期:2022年9月26日
{"title":"An Interview with Dr. Francisco J. Barrantes","authors":"Obm Neurobiology Editorial Office","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203136","url":null,"abstract":"<em>Interview</em><strong>An Interview with Dr. Francisco J. Barrantes </strong><em>OBM Neurobiology</em> Editorial OfficeLIDSEN Publishing Inc., 2000 Auburn Drive, One Chagrin Highlands, Suite 200, Beachwood, OH, USA; E-Mail: <a href=\"mailto:neurobiology@lidsen.com\">neurobiology@lidsen.com</a><em>OBM Neurobiology</em>2022, volume 6, issue 3doi:10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203136<strong>Received:</strong> September 22, 2022<strong>Accepted:</strong> September 23, 2022<strong>Published:</strong> September 26, 2022","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43817149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-22DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203134
S. Udovichenko, A. Gubin, A. Bobylev, A. Ebrahim, A. Busygin, A. Pisarev
In the present study, we present the results of the modeling of incoming information processing in a neuroprocessor that implements a biomorphic spiking neural network with numerous neurons and trainable synaptic connections between them. Physico-mathematical models of processes of encoding information into biomorphic pulses and their decoding following a neural block into a binary code were developed as well as models of the process of routing the output pulses of neurons by the logic matrix to the synapses of other neurons and the processes of associative self-learning of the memory matrix as part of the hardware spiking neural network with long-term potentiation and with the spike-timing-dependent plasticity of the memristor. The performance of individual devices of the biomorphic neuroprocessor in processing the incoming information is shown based on developed models using numerical simulation.
{"title":"Modeling of Information Processing in Biomorphic Neuroprocessor","authors":"S. Udovichenko, A. Gubin, A. Bobylev, A. Ebrahim, A. Busygin, A. Pisarev","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203134","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, we present the results of the modeling of incoming information processing in a neuroprocessor that implements a biomorphic spiking neural network with numerous neurons and trainable synaptic connections between them. Physico-mathematical models of processes of encoding information into biomorphic pulses and their decoding following a neural block into a binary code were developed as well as models of the process of routing the output pulses of neurons by the logic matrix to the synapses of other neurons and the processes of associative self-learning of the memory matrix as part of the hardware spiking neural network with long-term potentiation and with the spike-timing-dependent plasticity of the memristor. The performance of individual devices of the biomorphic neuroprocessor in processing the incoming information is shown based on developed models using numerical simulation.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48390088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203133
D. Scuteri, P. Tonin, M. Corasaniti, G. Bagetta
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) accounts for 50–70% of cases of dementia worldwide and is a social burden to the affected population. Although several pathogenetic hypotheses have been proposed, evidence favoring the role of aberrant neuroplasticity in the development of the neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with dementia is increasing. Specifically, agitation is resistant to treatment and affects the quality of life, also because of the lack of safe and effective treatment for AD. Alterations in pain processing due to plastic modifications occur during aging and neurodegeneration. Up to 80% of AD patients have chronic pain due to age-related comorbidities that are misdiagnosed and remain unattended due to a lack of self-reporting because of communication hindrance, which also contributes to the development of agitation. Here, we reported a strategy to target altered neuroplasticity for treating pain and agitation by applying bergamot essential oil with evidence for in-vivo analgesic effects on neuropathic and inflammatory pain preclinical models. Bergamot was engineered in a nanotechnology delivery system, NanoBEO, which provides the opportunity to investigate its efficacy in the NCT04321889 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial BRAINAID. This trial can provide a rational basis for safe and effective treatment to alleviate agitation and pain, thus improving the quality of life of people suffering from AD.
{"title":"Targeting Neuroplasticity for the Management of Pain and Agitation in Alzheimer’s Disease via Bergamot Nanotherapy","authors":"D. Scuteri, P. Tonin, M. Corasaniti, G. Bagetta","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203133","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer’s disease (AD) accounts for 50–70% of cases of dementia worldwide and is a social burden to the affected population. Although several pathogenetic hypotheses have been proposed, evidence favoring the role of aberrant neuroplasticity in the development of the neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with dementia is increasing. Specifically, agitation is resistant to treatment and affects the quality of life, also because of the lack of safe and effective treatment for AD. Alterations in pain processing due to plastic modifications occur during aging and neurodegeneration. Up to 80% of AD patients have chronic pain due to age-related comorbidities that are misdiagnosed and remain unattended due to a lack of self-reporting because of communication hindrance, which also contributes to the development of agitation. Here, we reported a strategy to target altered neuroplasticity for treating pain and agitation by applying bergamot essential oil with evidence for in-vivo analgesic effects on neuropathic and inflammatory pain preclinical models. Bergamot was engineered in a nanotechnology delivery system, NanoBEO, which provides the opportunity to investigate its efficacy in the NCT04321889 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial BRAINAID. This trial can provide a rational basis for safe and effective treatment to alleviate agitation and pain, thus improving the quality of life of people suffering from AD.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44586850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203131
Johannes Drescher, C. Gaul, P. Kropp, Yannic Siebenhaar, Dirk Reinel, Jörg Scheidt
This citizen science project CLUE compared the attack frequency between school and vacation periods among adolescents. The data collection process adopted in citizen science projects opens up the possibility of conducting analyses by including a large number of participants over a long period and across different regions. The data on 684 migraine attacks reported by 68 adolescents aged 16 to 19 years were collected using an online platform and smartphone apps. A Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the distributions of the migraine attack frequency during vacation and school periods in two different scenarios. In both scenarios, the attack frequency during school periods was significantly higher than that during vacation periods. The use of web-based data collection has some methodological limitations; however, it enabled the measurement of relative migraine attack frequency in students during vacation and school periods. The higher prevalence of migraine during school periods indicates the requirement of increasing headache awareness among children.
{"title":"Migraine in Adolescents: Comparison of Attack Frequency During School and Vacation Periods","authors":"Johannes Drescher, C. Gaul, P. Kropp, Yannic Siebenhaar, Dirk Reinel, Jörg Scheidt","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203131","url":null,"abstract":"This citizen science project CLUE compared the attack frequency between school and vacation periods among adolescents. The data collection process adopted in citizen science projects opens up the possibility of conducting analyses by including a large number of participants over a long period and across different regions. The data on 684 migraine attacks reported by 68 adolescents aged 16 to 19 years were collected using an online platform and smartphone apps. A Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the distributions of the migraine attack frequency during vacation and school periods in two different scenarios. In both scenarios, the attack frequency during school periods was significantly higher than that during vacation periods. The use of web-based data collection has some methodological limitations; however, it enabled the measurement of relative migraine attack frequency in students during vacation and school periods. The higher prevalence of migraine during school periods indicates the requirement of increasing headache awareness among children.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44525271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203132
T. Pretorius, A. Padmanabhanunni
An important mental health concern arising from the COVID-19 pandemic was the loneliness resulting from the lockdown measures taken by many countries due to the outbreak. Thus, loneliness needs to be studied in detail for intervention purposes. The UCLA Loneliness Scale is the most widely used measure of loneliness. However, the 20-item measure has some drawbacks, including questionnaire fatigue, especially when used with other measures, and a lack of accurate responses to all items. In this study, we evaluated two short forms of the UCLA Loneliness Scale used in other studies (UCLA-10 and UCLA-8), as well as a five-item version developed in this study, through the classical test theory and Mokken analysis with two different sample groups (teachers, N = 337; students, N = 355). The results of the Mokken analysis and the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the UCLA-10 and UCLA-5 were unidimensional and exhibited reliability and convergent validity. In contrast, the UCLA-8 was multidimensional and violated several assumptions of monotonicity and invariant item-ordering, although it showed satisfactory reliability and concurrent validity. All three versions of the scale correlated significantly with other indices of psychological well-being regarding concurrent validity, and the correlation coefficients were comparable to the coefficients of the 20-item version with the same variables. All three versions of the loneliness scale also demonstrated satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity. The results indicated that the UCLA-10 and UCLA-5 can be used as reliable and valid measures when the use of the long version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale is unsuitable.
{"title":"Assessment of Loneliness During the Pandemic: Comparing Various Short Forms of the UCLA Loneliness Scale in South Africa Using Classical Test Theory and Mokken Analysis","authors":"T. Pretorius, A. Padmanabhanunni","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203132","url":null,"abstract":"An important mental health concern arising from the COVID-19 pandemic was the loneliness resulting from the lockdown measures taken by many countries due to the outbreak. Thus, loneliness needs to be studied in detail for intervention purposes. The UCLA Loneliness Scale is the most widely used measure of loneliness. However, the 20-item measure has some drawbacks, including questionnaire fatigue, especially when used with other measures, and a lack of accurate responses to all items. In this study, we evaluated two short forms of the UCLA Loneliness Scale used in other studies (UCLA-10 and UCLA-8), as well as a five-item version developed in this study, through the classical test theory and Mokken analysis with two different sample groups (teachers, N = 337; students, N = 355). The results of the Mokken analysis and the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the UCLA-10 and UCLA-5 were unidimensional and exhibited reliability and convergent validity. In contrast, the UCLA-8 was multidimensional and violated several assumptions of monotonicity and invariant item-ordering, although it showed satisfactory reliability and concurrent validity. All three versions of the scale correlated significantly with other indices of psychological well-being regarding concurrent validity, and the correlation coefficients were comparable to the coefficients of the 20-item version with the same variables. All three versions of the loneliness scale also demonstrated satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity. The results indicated that the UCLA-10 and UCLA-5 can be used as reliable and valid measures when the use of the long version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale is unsuitable.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42921493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203130
A. Padmanabhanunni, S. Isaacs, T. Pretorius, B. Faroa
Fear has been the most common emotional response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and excessive fear is associated with various indices of psychological distress, particularly loneliness. Although most people have experienced pandemic-related fear and distress, certain groups who are on the front of service provision have experienced the pandemic in distinct ways, owing to its impact on the nature of their work. Schoolteachers represent one such group; therefore, it is imperative to identify resources that can safeguard against negative mental-health outcomes in schoolteachers. The current study investigated the potential protective role of sense of coherence (SOC) and resilience in the relationship between COVID-19 fear and loneliness. The participants were South African schoolteachers (N = 355); the participants completed the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the University of California Loneliness Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10, and the Sense of Coherence Scale-13. The results indicated that SOC and resilience had significant direct effects on loneliness, thereby suggesting their health-sustaining role. SOC and resilience also fully mediated the relationship between COVID-19 fear and loneliness. Therefore, although the provision of material resources is important, it is equally necessary to enhance people’s ability to comprehend, give meaning to, and manage the challenges associated with the pandemic. A salutogenic approach to mental health promotion in the workplace may be beneficial for enhancing SOC and resilience among schoolteachers.
{"title":"Generalized Resistance Resources in the Time of COVID-19: The Role of Sense of Coherence and Resilience in the Relationship between COVID-19 Fear and Loneliness among Schoolteachers","authors":"A. Padmanabhanunni, S. Isaacs, T. Pretorius, B. Faroa","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203130","url":null,"abstract":"Fear has been the most common emotional response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and excessive fear is associated with various indices of psychological distress, particularly loneliness. Although most people have experienced pandemic-related fear and distress, certain groups who are on the front of service provision have experienced the pandemic in distinct ways, owing to its impact on the nature of their work. Schoolteachers represent one such group; therefore, it is imperative to identify resources that can safeguard against negative mental-health outcomes in schoolteachers. The current study investigated the potential protective role of sense of coherence (SOC) and resilience in the relationship between COVID-19 fear and loneliness. The participants were South African schoolteachers (N = 355); the participants completed the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the University of California Loneliness Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10, and the Sense of Coherence Scale-13. The results indicated that SOC and resilience had significant direct effects on loneliness, thereby suggesting their health-sustaining role. SOC and resilience also fully mediated the relationship between COVID-19 fear and loneliness. Therefore, although the provision of material resources is important, it is equally necessary to enhance people’s ability to comprehend, give meaning to, and manage the challenges associated with the pandemic. A salutogenic approach to mental health promotion in the workplace may be beneficial for enhancing SOC and resilience among schoolteachers.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48735906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-02DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2202118
{"title":"An Interview with Dr. Roy G. Beran","authors":"","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2202118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2202118","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48611663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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