Pub Date : 2022-12-14DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204148
I. Testoni, A. Sapino, Erika Iacona, Alessia Montagner, Luca di Montegnacco, Laura Liberale, A. Borczuk, F. Calabrese
During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, pathologists had to follow new protocols in their work environment around the world to limit or prevent the possibility of transmission of the infection during the autopsy of infected corpses. By using a qualitative research design, in this study, we investigated the emotions, experiences, and opinions of pathologists concerning changes in clinical practices. We specifically investigated their perspective on death. Our results encompassed five thematic areas, which included the effect of changes, courage to face the fear of death and trauma, attitude toward death and resilience, distress caused by internalized death, and the scientific mission and motivation to fight the fear of death. Additionally, disagreement within the scientific community and a negative attitude of people toward the work of pathologists who performed autopsies of COVID-infected cadavers further undervalued their work. We also discussed the necessity of controlling emotions when working in a clinical setting where exposure to dead bodies is inevitable.
{"title":"How Pathologists Dealt with the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study","authors":"I. Testoni, A. Sapino, Erika Iacona, Alessia Montagner, Luca di Montegnacco, Laura Liberale, A. Borczuk, F. Calabrese","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204148","url":null,"abstract":"During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, pathologists had to follow new protocols in their work environment around the world to limit or prevent the possibility of transmission of the infection during the autopsy of infected corpses. By using a qualitative research design, in this study, we investigated the emotions, experiences, and opinions of pathologists concerning changes in clinical practices. We specifically investigated their perspective on death. Our results encompassed five thematic areas, which included the effect of changes, courage to face the fear of death and trauma, attitude toward death and resilience, distress caused by internalized death, and the scientific mission and motivation to fight the fear of death. Additionally, disagreement within the scientific community and a negative attitude of people toward the work of pathologists who performed autopsies of COVID-infected cadavers further undervalued their work. We also discussed the necessity of controlling emotions when working in a clinical setting where exposure to dead bodies is inevitable.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48141316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204147
I. Testoni, Lavinia Tredici, G. Biancalani, M. Bucuță, Maria Armezzani, Hod Orkibi
The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted anti-violence centers for women. This study aims to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions affect: the assistance and protection functions of the anti-violence centers; the needs of women victims of violence; and the well-being of the professionals working with these women. Twenty-four Italian anti-violence centers were involved, and 29 women working there were interviewed. From the qualitative analysis of the texts, three main themes were identified regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the anti-violence centers service: 1) transformations and synergies to improve help-seeking, 2) consequences of the pandemic situation on women victims of violence, and 3) the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on professionals. The results show that anti-violence centers need to be restructured to respond to the changes caused by the pandemic and expand their remote support strategies. Their interventions were fundamental in enabling women to seek help during the COVID-19 pandemic. The professionals involved in providing support to victims encountered stressful difficulties specific to the pandemic.
{"title":"Anti-Violence Centers in Italy During the COVID-19 Emergency: Support Strategies for Women Victims of Violence","authors":"I. Testoni, Lavinia Tredici, G. Biancalani, M. Bucuță, Maria Armezzani, Hod Orkibi","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204147","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted anti-violence centers for women. This study aims to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions affect: the assistance and protection functions of the anti-violence centers; the needs of women victims of violence; and the well-being of the professionals working with these women. Twenty-four Italian anti-violence centers were involved, and 29 women working there were interviewed. From the qualitative analysis of the texts, three main themes were identified regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the anti-violence centers service: 1) transformations and synergies to improve help-seeking, 2) consequences of the pandemic situation on women victims of violence, and 3) the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on professionals. The results show that anti-violence centers need to be restructured to respond to the changes caused by the pandemic and expand their remote support strategies. Their interventions were fundamental in enabling women to seek help during the COVID-19 pandemic. The professionals involved in providing support to victims encountered stressful difficulties specific to the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45608711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204146
Ioannis Syros, X. Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous, Aggeliki Karantzali
PTSD is a serious mental health condition with a lifetime prevalence of 1% to 14% in the general population. Several studies have evaluated evidence-based treatment approaches for children and adolescents. Interventions focusing on trauma are considered first-line treatments. Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) and a similar type of group intervention, the Cognitive Behavioral Intervention on Trauma in Schools (CBITS), have received the most empirical support from randomized controlled trials. Moreover, several other promising therapeutic CBT protocols are in the process of being applied and evaluated. This literature review highlights the common elements of CBT approaches for treating PTSD in children and adolescents, provides a detailed review of the therapeutic ingredients of TF-CBT and CBITS, and presents various other promising CBT protocols that are currently being used or evaluated. Future directions for the field are also discussed.
{"title":"Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Cognitive Behavioral Intervention on Trauma in Schools (CBITS), and Other Promising Practices in the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents: Evidence Evaluation","authors":"Ioannis Syros, X. Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous, Aggeliki Karantzali","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204146","url":null,"abstract":"PTSD is a serious mental health condition with a lifetime prevalence of 1% to 14% in the general population. Several studies have evaluated evidence-based treatment approaches for children and adolescents. Interventions focusing on trauma are considered first-line treatments. Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) and a similar type of group intervention, the Cognitive Behavioral Intervention on Trauma in Schools (CBITS), have received the most empirical support from randomized controlled trials. Moreover, several other promising therapeutic CBT protocols are in the process of being applied and evaluated. This literature review highlights the common elements of CBT approaches for treating PTSD in children and adolescents, provides a detailed review of the therapeutic ingredients of TF-CBT and CBITS, and presents various other promising CBT protocols that are currently being used or evaluated. Future directions for the field are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43645414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204145
Louise O'hare, Robyn Griffiths
Although being one of the most common neurological disorders, migraine is commonly misunderstood and misdiagnosed. Current treatments rely on pharmacological approaches, which have been shown not to be effective for all, and so alternative, non-invasive treatments are being sought. Transcranial stimulation could be a possible treatment for migraine. Transcranial electrical stimulation generally involves applying a current to the cortex via the scalp. Whilst this has previously been mostly done in clinical settings, the advance of technology means that devices intended for use in the home are becoming more readily available. However, one of the major drawbacks is that we are not sure about the mode of action of transcranial electrical neurostimulation specifically in the case of migraine. The purpose of this review is to consolidate our current understanding of how these methods are thought to work in the case of migraine, considering not only their effectiveness in attempting to treat migraine, but also as a tool to understand migraine as a disorder.
{"title":"Transcranial Electrical Stimulation in Migraine – How Does It Work and What Can We Learn from It?","authors":"Louise O'hare, Robyn Griffiths","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204145","url":null,"abstract":"Although being one of the most common neurological disorders, migraine is commonly misunderstood and misdiagnosed. Current treatments rely on pharmacological approaches, which have been shown not to be effective for all, and so alternative, non-invasive treatments are being sought. Transcranial stimulation could be a possible treatment for migraine. Transcranial electrical stimulation generally involves applying a current to the cortex via the scalp. Whilst this has previously been mostly done in clinical settings, the advance of technology means that devices intended for use in the home are becoming more readily available. However, one of the major drawbacks is that we are not sure about the mode of action of transcranial electrical neurostimulation specifically in the case of migraine. The purpose of this review is to consolidate our current understanding of how these methods are thought to work in the case of migraine, considering not only their effectiveness in attempting to treat migraine, but also as a tool to understand migraine as a disorder.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48033672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204144
M. Mustapha, Nurul Iman Ismail, M. Z. Mehat, Nizar Abd Manan, Aqilah Hambali, Hafizah Abdul Hamid, Che Mohd Nasril Che Mohd Nassir
The nectar produced by bees in nature is known as honey and has been consumed for its nutritional and medicinal properties. There is growing evidence that honey and its compounds have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-microbial properties that are relevant to the maintenance of health and the prevention of illnesses, including cardiocerebrovascular disease. Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is one of the major risk factors for diseases such as stroke, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. CSVD is prevalent with aging and the presence of vascular risk factors. Its most common deleterious effect on the brain parenchyma is a neurological problem, causing a spectrum of subtle clinical manifestations such as neurocognitive dysfunction, emotional or behavioral disturbances, and gait dysfunction. Moreover, the pathological mechanisms and preventive strategies for CSVD remain elusive, which is reflected in the continued lack of effective therapeutic and preventive therapies. Given the growing literature on honey and its compounds as a superfood-based preventive measure, this narrative review highlights the neuroprotective potentials of honey and its compounds in relation to the current understanding of CSVD pathomechanism.
{"title":"Neuroprotective Potentials of Honey for Cerebral Small Vessel Disease","authors":"M. Mustapha, Nurul Iman Ismail, M. Z. Mehat, Nizar Abd Manan, Aqilah Hambali, Hafizah Abdul Hamid, Che Mohd Nasril Che Mohd Nassir","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204144","url":null,"abstract":"The nectar produced by bees in nature is known as honey and has been consumed for its nutritional and medicinal properties. There is growing evidence that honey and its compounds have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-microbial properties that are relevant to the maintenance of health and the prevention of illnesses, including cardiocerebrovascular disease. Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is one of the major risk factors for diseases such as stroke, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. CSVD is prevalent with aging and the presence of vascular risk factors. Its most common deleterious effect on the brain parenchyma is a neurological problem, causing a spectrum of subtle clinical manifestations such as neurocognitive dysfunction, emotional or behavioral disturbances, and gait dysfunction. Moreover, the pathological mechanisms and preventive strategies for CSVD remain elusive, which is reflected in the continued lack of effective therapeutic and preventive therapies. Given the growing literature on honey and its compounds as a superfood-based preventive measure, this narrative review highlights the neuroprotective potentials of honey and its compounds in relation to the current understanding of CSVD pathomechanism.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49342337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-26DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204143
N. Imai
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used to detect changes in the resting-state brain networks of migraine patients. Functional connectivity fMRI analysis examines the functional organization of the brain based on temporal correlations of blood oxygen level-dependent signal changes in different brain regions. Most previous resting-state fMRI studies have assumed that functional connectivity between brain regions remains relatively stable over time. However, it is now known that the brain is a complex system that undergoes time-dependent dynamics. Therefore, functional connectivity may change over time. In recent years, resting-state fMRI analysis has evolved from the detection of static coupling to the study of dynamic connectivity. However, studies of dynamic functional connectivity in migraine patients are limited. Related studies have shown that dynamic functional connectivity analysis reveals significant changes in connectivity and abnormal networks not found in static functional connectivity analysis.
{"title":"Dynamic Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Migraineurs","authors":"N. Imai","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204143","url":null,"abstract":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used to detect changes in the resting-state brain networks of migraine patients. Functional connectivity fMRI analysis examines the functional organization of the brain based on temporal correlations of blood oxygen level-dependent signal changes in different brain regions. Most previous resting-state fMRI studies have assumed that functional connectivity between brain regions remains relatively stable over time. However, it is now known that the brain is a complex system that undergoes time-dependent dynamics. Therefore, functional connectivity may change over time. In recent years, resting-state fMRI analysis has evolved from the detection of static coupling to the study of dynamic connectivity. However, studies of dynamic functional connectivity in migraine patients are limited. Related studies have shown that dynamic functional connectivity analysis reveals significant changes in connectivity and abnormal networks not found in static functional connectivity analysis.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43962312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204142
Biao Gao, Xingxing Wang, Han Liu
As an indispensable active atmosphere and meaningful emotional expression in social media, emojis describe the emotions of users in specific situations in a funny, humorous, euphemistic, and implicit form and attract users to use them consciously or unconsciously with their quick and convenient features. Currently, the research on the psychology of emoji usage is mostly from the perspective of users, while neglecting the essential attributes of emojis. The purpose of this study was to investigate and summarize the multi-dimensional factors that affect the communication and usage of emojis and to elucidate the influence of the essential attributes of emojis on their use. This study took the users of WeChat (the most widely used instant messaging app in China) as the research object. Data were collected utilizing semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. SPSS 25.0 software was applied to conduct exploratory factor analysis on relevant data to explore and summarize several dimensions of WeChat users’ emoji communication and usage psychology. The results showed that gender, age, education, and occupation were important factors affecting the usage and communication of emojis. The psychology of emoji usage had multi-dimensional characteristics and according to the self-determination theory, it could be divided into internal and external factors. The internal factors included information, efficiency, and entertainment, and the external factors included communicativeness, culture, image, fuzziness, and context. Notably, the influence of fuzziness on the psychology of emoji usage has described the critical role of the essential attributes of emojis, which complemented the neglect of the fuzziness of emoji in previous studies, which might provide a direction for the design of emojis.
{"title":"An Empirical Study on the Communication and Usage Psychology of Emoji in Wechat","authors":"Biao Gao, Xingxing Wang, Han Liu","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204142","url":null,"abstract":"As an indispensable active atmosphere and meaningful emotional expression in social media, emojis describe the emotions of users in specific situations in a funny, humorous, euphemistic, and implicit form and attract users to use them consciously or unconsciously with their quick and convenient features. Currently, the research on the psychology of emoji usage is mostly from the perspective of users, while neglecting the essential attributes of emojis. The purpose of this study was to investigate and summarize the multi-dimensional factors that affect the communication and usage of emojis and to elucidate the influence of the essential attributes of emojis on their use. This study took the users of WeChat (the most widely used instant messaging app in China) as the research object. Data were collected utilizing semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. SPSS 25.0 software was applied to conduct exploratory factor analysis on relevant data to explore and summarize several dimensions of WeChat users’ emoji communication and usage psychology. The results showed that gender, age, education, and occupation were important factors affecting the usage and communication of emojis. The psychology of emoji usage had multi-dimensional characteristics and according to the self-determination theory, it could be divided into internal and external factors. The internal factors included information, efficiency, and entertainment, and the external factors included communicativeness, culture, image, fuzziness, and context. Notably, the influence of fuzziness on the psychology of emoji usage has described the critical role of the essential attributes of emojis, which complemented the neglect of the fuzziness of emoji in previous studies, which might provide a direction for the design of emojis.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47259644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-08DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204140
N. Sahakyan, M. Petrosyan
The present article describes some characteristics of the effect of essential oil (EO) extracted from Ziziphora clinopodioides harvested from Armenian highlands on microglial cell lines (BV-2 wild-type (WT) and acyl-CoA oxidase1 (ACOX1)-deficient (Acox1–/–) cells). The mutant cell line was used as a model to investigate cellular oxidative damage following EO treatment. The main components of the tested EO were pulegone, isomenthone, 1,8-cineole, piperitone, and neomenthole, with concentrations of 42.1%, 9.7%, 8.22%, 7.35%, and 5.9%, respectively, in plants harvested from the high-altitude Armenian landscape. The IC50 value of the EO in the DPPH assay was 7.025 µL/mL. The sub-cytotoxic concentrations (based on the MTT assay) for both cell lines were 5 × 10–1 µL/mL. The catalase activity of the WT cells was decreased following 24-h treatment with the EO, but that of Acox1–/– BV-2 cellswas increased. ACOX1 activity was decreased (up to 49%) at 72hof treatment. These results show the protective effect of the tested EO on Acox1–/– mutantcells.
{"title":"Possible Preventive Effect of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. Essential Oil on Some Neurodegenerative Disorders","authors":"N. Sahakyan, M. Petrosyan","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204140","url":null,"abstract":"The present article describes some characteristics of the effect of essential oil (EO) extracted from Ziziphora clinopodioides harvested from Armenian highlands on microglial cell lines (BV-2 wild-type (WT) and acyl-CoA oxidase1 (ACOX1)-deficient (Acox1–/–) cells). The mutant cell line was used as a model to investigate cellular oxidative damage following EO treatment. The main components of the tested EO were pulegone, isomenthone, 1,8-cineole, piperitone, and neomenthole, with concentrations of 42.1%, 9.7%, 8.22%, 7.35%, and 5.9%, respectively, in plants harvested from the high-altitude Armenian landscape. The IC50 value of the EO in the DPPH assay was 7.025 µL/mL. The sub-cytotoxic concentrations (based on the MTT assay) for both cell lines were 5 × 10–1 µL/mL. The catalase activity of the WT cells was decreased following 24-h treatment with the EO, but that of Acox1–/– BV-2 cellswas increased. ACOX1 activity was decreased (up to 49%) at 72hof treatment. These results show the protective effect of the tested EO on Acox1–/– mutantcells.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44733733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-08DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204141
Sumi Han, JeongChul Heo
This study aimed to verify whether self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) level can be significantly predicted by the literacy of learning management system (LLMS), motivation, and feedback interaction (FI) in non–face-to-face educational settings. We performed Pearson’s correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. A total of 206 online college students responded to this web survey using simple random sampling. Results showed that three variables (LLMS, motivation, and FI) were positively associated with SDLR. Moreover, motivation and LLMS affected the SDLR level, and FI did not. Moreover, it is necessary for online educators to understand the problems that learners may face, such as low LLMS, low motivation, and lack of interaction in a non–face-to-face educational circumstances. In addition, this study suggested that they can encourage their students to increase LLMS and motivation for improving self-directed learning of online students during COVID-19 pandemic. Lastly, limitations and suggestions were discussed for future studies.
{"title":"Challenges and Problems on Self-directed Learning Readiness in Non–face-to-face Educational Settings During COVID-19","authors":"Sumi Han, JeongChul Heo","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204141","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to verify whether self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) level can be significantly predicted by the literacy of learning management system (LLMS), motivation, and feedback interaction (FI) in non–face-to-face educational settings. We performed Pearson’s correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. A total of 206 online college students responded to this web survey using simple random sampling. Results showed that three variables (LLMS, motivation, and FI) were positively associated with SDLR. Moreover, motivation and LLMS affected the SDLR level, and FI did not. Moreover, it is necessary for online educators to understand the problems that learners may face, such as low LLMS, low motivation, and lack of interaction in a non–face-to-face educational circumstances. In addition, this study suggested that they can encourage their students to increase LLMS and motivation for improving self-directed learning of online students during COVID-19 pandemic. Lastly, limitations and suggestions were discussed for future studies.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43932072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203138
A. A. Lawan, Nadire Cavus
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder associated with critical challenges related to social, communication, and behavioral issues. Recent studies have proposed machine learning (ML) techniques for rapid and accurate assessment of ASD. However, the mismatch between the ML techniques and the clinical basis of ASD assessment reduces the effectiveness of ML-based assessment tools. The present study proposed an approach that utilized the potential of ML modeling and preserved the clinical relevance of the assessment instrument used. Experimental results of the empirical scoring algorithm and multiple ML models employed revealed the possibility of achieving a clinically valid ML-based ASD assessment tool. This study provides a roadmap for real-life implementation of ML-based ASD screening and diagnostic tools that comprise few behavioral features and maintain clinical relevance.
{"title":"A Clinical Validity-Preserving Machine Learning Approach for Behavioral Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"A. A. Lawan, Nadire Cavus","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203138","url":null,"abstract":"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder associated with critical challenges related to social, communication, and behavioral issues. Recent studies have proposed machine learning (ML) techniques for rapid and accurate assessment of ASD. However, the mismatch between the ML techniques and the clinical basis of ASD assessment reduces the effectiveness of ML-based assessment tools. The present study proposed an approach that utilized the potential of ML modeling and preserved the clinical relevance of the assessment instrument used. Experimental results of the empirical scoring algorithm and multiple ML models employed revealed the possibility of achieving a clinically valid ML-based ASD assessment tool. This study provides a roadmap for real-life implementation of ML-based ASD screening and diagnostic tools that comprise few behavioral features and maintain clinical relevance.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41482722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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