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Impact of Emotional Distress on Prescription Opioid Abuse in a Rural Juvenile Drug Court Sample 情绪困扰对农村青少年毒品法庭处方阿片类药物滥用的影响
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.18061/ojph.v2i2.9033
Ross M. Kauffman, K. Durkin
Background: Ohio is at the epicenter of the opioid epidemic, and the current crisis disproportionately burdens rural areas. The Self-Medication Hypothesis and work examining adverse childhood experiences posit that drug use may be understood as a coping strategy to address emotional distress.Methods: Juvenile drug court participants in a Northwest Ohio county were administered a standardized biopsychosocial assessment. Intake interviews from January 2010 and November 2018 were used to evaluate the relationship between emotional distress reported using the Emotional Problem Scale (EPS) and lifetime nonmedical use of prescription opioids. Linear regression was used to examine temporal trends in EPS scores. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between EPS scores and prescription opioid misuse, controlling for temporal trends.Results: Linear regression showed a significant increase in emotional distress over the study period for both pre-scription opioid users and nonusers. Average scores increased 29.5 points (on a 100 point scale) over the duration of the study (P <0.0001). A 10-point increase in EPS score was associated with a nearly 50% increase in the lifetime odds of pre-scription opioid misuse (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.19-1.82, P = 0.0004). The odds of prescription opioid misuse declined each year (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.48-0.81, P = 0.0006).Conclusion: Rates of prescription opioid misuse have decreased over time despite a significant association be-tween emotional distress and opioid misuse and trend toward increasing EPS scores. While efforts to reduce prescription opioid misuse appear to have been effective in this population, significant work is needed to reduce underlying risk fac-tors.
背景:俄亥俄州是阿片类药物流行的中心,当前的危机给农村地区带来了不成比例的负担。自我用药假说和对儿童不良经历的研究表明,药物使用可以被理解为解决情绪困扰的一种应对策略。方法:对俄亥俄州西北部一个县的青少年毒品法庭参与者进行标准化的生物心理社会评估。2010年1月至2018年11月的入院访谈用于评估使用情绪问题量表(EPS)报告的情绪困扰与终生非药物使用处方阿片类药物之间的关系。线性回归用于检验EPS评分的时间趋势。Logistic回归用于检验EPS评分与处方阿片类药物滥用之间的关系,控制时间趋势。结果:线性回归显示,在研究期间,处方阿片类药物使用者和非使用者的情绪困扰都显著增加。在研究期间,平均得分增加了29.5分(100分制)(P<0.0001)。EPS得分增加10分与描述前阿片类药物滥用的终生几率增加近50%有关(OR=1.46,95%CI:1.19-1.82,P=0.0004)。处方阿片类药滥用的几率每年都在下降(OR=0.63,95%CI:0.48-0.81,P=0.0006)处方阿片类药物滥用随着时间的推移而减少,尽管情绪困扰和阿片类物质滥用之间存在显著关联,并且EPS评分呈上升趋势。虽然减少处方阿片类药物滥用的努力在这一人群中似乎是有效的,但还需要大量工作来减少潜在的风险因素。
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引用次数: 2
An Examination of Dental Health Among Metropolitan and Appalachian Adolescents in Ohio 俄亥俄州大都市和阿巴拉契亚地区青少年牙齿健康状况的调查
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.18061/ojph.v2i2.9029
K. Bader, Megan E. Roberts, Brittney Keller-Hamilton
Background: Poor dental health is a common chronic condition among youth. Appalachian versus metropolitan residence, socioeconomic status, and health behaviors contribute to poor dental health. Limited research has directly compared dental health and risk factors for poor dental health among Appalachian and metropolitan youth. We examined the association between dental health and residence among adolescent boys and explored socioeconomic and behavioral factors that may contribute to differences in dental health. Methods: Adolescent males from metropolitan and rural Appalachian Ohio (n = 1220, age 11-16 years) reported their diet and tobacco use. Parents or guardians reported when boys had last visited the dentist and rated their dental health (excellent/very good/good versus fair/poor). Unadjusted logistic regression modeled the association between fair/poor dental health and residence (metropolitan versus Appalachian). Adjusted analyses controlled for race, household income, dental visits, diet, and tobacco use. Results: Appalachian (versus metropolitan) boys were more likely to have used tobacco in the past 30 days and consumed fewer fruit and vegetables, more added sugar, and more sugary beverages. The relation between dental health and Appalachian versus metropolitan residence did not reach statistical significance, and adjusting for behavioral factors did little to change the observed association. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that some of the urban/rural disparities in dental health observed in other studies may be related to behavioral factors like tobacco use and diet, but much remains unexplained. We provide support for behavioral interventions to address these issues in the Appalachian community.
背景:口腔健康状况不佳是年轻人常见的慢性病。阿巴拉契亚与大都市的居住、社会经济地位和健康行为都会导致牙齿健康状况不佳。有限的研究直接比较了阿巴拉契亚和大都市青年的牙齿健康和牙齿健康不良的风险因素。我们研究了青春期男孩的牙齿健康与居住之间的关系,并探讨了可能导致牙齿健康差异的社会经济和行为因素。方法:来自俄亥俄州阿巴拉契亚大城市和农村的青少年男性(n=1220,年龄11-16岁)报告了他们的饮食和烟草使用情况。家长或监护人报告了男孩最后一次看牙医的时间,并对他们的牙齿健康状况进行了评分(优秀/非常好/良好与一般/较差)。未经调整的逻辑回归模拟了良好/较差的牙齿健康与居住之间的关系(大都市与阿巴拉契亚)。调整后的分析控制了种族、家庭收入、牙科就诊、饮食和烟草使用。结果:阿巴拉契亚(与大都市相比)男孩在过去30天里更有可能吸烟,摄入的水果和蔬菜更少,添加的糖更多,含糖饮料更多。牙齿健康与阿巴拉契亚与大都市居住之间的关系没有达到统计学意义,对行为因素的调整对观察到的相关性几乎没有改变。结论:我们的研究结果表明,在其他研究中观察到的一些城市/农村牙齿健康差异可能与吸烟和饮食等行为因素有关,但仍有很多原因无法解释。我们为行为干预提供支持,以解决阿巴拉契亚社区的这些问题。
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引用次数: 0
One Health Outreach Efforts in Responding to Harmful Algal Blooms Issues in Hotspot Regions 健康外展在应对热点地区有害藻华问题中的作用
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.18061/ojph.v2i2.9034
Pattama Ulrich, Lindsay McGovern, Jiyoung Lee, J. Stull, L. Backer, Samantha Eitniear
Background: Globally, harmful algal blooms (HABs) in freshwater are both a historical and an ongoing issue for human, animal, and ecosystem health and have dramatic impacts on local communities. Multiple taxa of cyanobacteria, including Microcystis, Planktothrix, and Anabaena species can produce cyanotoxins. Exposure to these toxins may cause mild to severe adverse health effects.Methods: An orchestrated effort was made by a team from multiple academic disciplines, public health agencies including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and community stakeholders to engage the human and animal health communities to prepare for and respond to the emerging health threat of cyanotoxins from HABs.Results: Our public health practice approaches reached multiple targeted stakeholders from public health, human, and animal health sectors. The team also helped promote the newly established nationwide One Health Harmful Algal Bloom (OHHABs) initiative in a HABs hotspot in Ohio.Conclusion: Harmful algal blooms are a One Health issue demonstrating the interactions between animal, human, and ecological health. Environmental monitoring can provide early detection of environmental events, such as HABs, that pose both public health and ecological health threats. Public health surveillance can identify human and animal health events that may be linked to local environmental events
背景:在全球范围内,淡水中有害藻华(HABs)对人类、动物和生态系统健康都是一个历史和持续的问题,并对当地社区产生了巨大影响。蓝藻的多个分类群,包括微囊藻、浮游thrix和水藻种类可以产生蓝藻毒素。接触这些毒素可能会对健康造成轻微到严重的不良影响。方法:由来自多个学科、包括疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)在内的公共卫生机构和社区利益相关者组成的一个团队精心策划的努力,使人类和动物卫生界参与进来,准备和应对来自有害藻华的蓝藻毒素的新健康威胁。结果:我们的公共卫生实践方法覆盖了来自公共卫生、人类和动物卫生部门的多个目标利益相关者。该团队还在俄亥俄州的一个有害藻华热点地区帮助推动了新成立的全国性健康有害藻华(OHHABs)倡议。结论:有害藻华是一个健康问题,显示了动物、人类和生态健康之间的相互作用。环境监测可以早期发现对公共健康和生态健康构成威胁的环境事件,例如有害藻华。公共卫生监测可查明可能与当地环境事件有关的人类和动物卫生事件
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引用次数: 0
Human Development and Controlled Substance Prescribing in Ohio Counties 俄亥俄州各县的人类发展和管制药物处方
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.18061/ojph.v2i2.9031
P. Factor, Wallace Chambers, JoAnna “Anna” C. S. Kauffman, Tunu Kinebrew, Natasha Yonley, Ross M. Kauffman
Background: Human development is a holistic measure of well-being. The American Human Development Index (AHDI) operationalizes the concept for the American context, using a composite measure of income, education, and health. This work presents the first county-level examination of AHDI for the state of Ohio and examines the relationship between human development and controlled substance prescribing.Methods: Publicly available data from the census and prior publications were compiled to calculate county-level AHDI for all 88 Ohio counties. Correlations were examined between AHDI and 4 classes of controlled substances, opioids, benzodiazepines, stimulants, and sedatives, using Pearson product moment correlation coefficient.Results: County AHDI scores ranged from 3.3 to 7.6, with mean and median values of 4.8. At the county level, human development is negatively correlated with opioid (r = -0.46, r2 = 0.22, P <0.0001) and benzodiazepine (r = -0.43, r2 = 0.18, P <0.0001) prescribing and positively associated with stimulant prescribing (r = 0.49, r2 = 0.24, P <0.0001). Neither sedative prescribing practices (r = 0.09, P = 0.40) nor median age (r = -0.09, P = 0.41) were significantly correlated with AHDI.Conclusion: There is a strong correlation between AHDI and prescribing of several classes of controlled substanc-es. Work remains to ascertain mechanisms and directionality of these relationships. Whether higher prescribing in areas with lower human development is an attempt to medicate health inequity or low human development is an additional manifestation of the opioid epidemic, this study underscores the necessity of pursuing equity in all policies.
背景:人类发展是福祉的整体衡量标准。美国人类发展指数(AHDI)使用收入、教育和健康的综合衡量标准,将这一概念应用于美国的情况。这项工作提出了俄亥俄州AHDI的第一个县级检查,并审查了人类发展与管制药物处方之间的关系。方法:收集来自人口普查和先前出版物的公开数据,计算俄亥俄州所有88个县的县级AHDI。采用Pearson积矩相关系数检验AHDI与4类受控物质(阿片类药物、苯二氮卓类药物、兴奋剂和镇静剂)的相关性。结果:县AHDI评分范围为3.3 ~ 7.6,平均和中位数为4.8。在县域范围内,人类发展水平与阿片类药物(r = -0.46, r2 = 0.22, P <0.0001)和苯二氮卓类药物(r = -0.43, r2 = 0.18, P <0.0001)处方呈负相关,与兴奋剂处方呈正相关(r = 0.49, r2 = 0.24, P <0.0001)。镇静剂处方做法(r = 0.09, P = 0.40)和中位年龄(r = -0.09, P = 0.41)与AHDI均无显著相关。结论:AHDI与几类管制药品的处方有较强的相关性。工作仍需确定这些关系的机制和方向。无论在人类发展水平较低的地区开更多的处方是为了治疗健康不平等,还是人类发展水平较低是阿片类药物流行的另一种表现,这项研究都强调了在所有政策中追求公平的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Adolescent Health: Is it Time to Direct our Attention to Youth in Ohio? 青少年健康:是时候关注俄亥俄州的青少年了吗?
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.18061/ojph.v2i2.9027
A. Ferketich
No abstract available.
没有摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Ohio Journal of Public Health Vol. 3, Issue 3 (December 2020): Full Issue 《俄亥俄州公共卫生杂志》第3卷第3期(2020年12月):完整版
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.18061/ojph.v3i3.8038
Ohio Public Health Association Opha
No abstract available.
没有可用的摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Using the Pathways Community HUB Care Coordination Model to Address Chronic Illnesses: A Case Study 使用途径社区中心护理协调模型解决慢性疾病:一个案例研究
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.18061/ojph.v2i1.9038
Edward T. Chiyaka, John A. Hoornbeek, Joshua Filla, M. Redding, Lynn Falletta, Lauren E. Birmingham, Pamela Ferguson
Background/Objectives: Ohio communities are developing and expanding care coordination initiatives to integrate care for low-income pregnant women. Some of these initiatives are guided by the Pathways Community HUB model, which uses community healthworkers to address health, social, and behavioral risks for at-risk populations. This study documents the development, challenges andmanagement responses, and lessons learned from implementing a Pathways Community HUB care coordination program for anotherpopulation -- low-income adults with chronic disease risks.Methods: The study utilizes data extracted from the Care Coordination Systems (CCS) database used in Lucas County, Ohio between2015 and 2017 and interviews with program managers. Based on CCS data and insights from those interviewed, we describe the development and accomplishments of a Pathways Community HUB program for adults with chronic illnesses and identify challenges and lessons learned.Results: The Toledo/Lucas County program addressed more than half of 3,515 identified health and behavioral risks for 651 low-income adults in the program during its first two years of operation. Key challenges included building community support, establishing capacities to coordinate care, and sustaining the program over time. Establishing community networks to support program services and developing multiple funding sources are key lessons for long-term program sustainability.Conclusions: Documenting challenges and successes of existing programs and extracting lessons to guide implementation of similarpublic health efforts can potentially improve delivery of interventions. The Pathways Community HUB model has demonstrated success in addressing risks among at-risk adults. However, more comprehensive assessments of the model across different populations are warranted.
背景/目标:俄亥俄州社区正在发展和扩大护理协调倡议,以整合对低收入孕妇的护理。其中一些举措以Pathways社区中心模式为指导,该模式利用社区卫生工作者解决高危人群的健康、社会和行为风险。本研究记录了针对另一人群(有慢性疾病风险的低收入成年人)实施Pathways社区HUB护理协调项目的发展、挑战和管理对策,以及从中吸取的经验教训。方法:该研究利用了2015年至2017年在俄亥俄州卢卡斯县使用的护理协调系统(CCS)数据库中提取的数据以及对项目经理的访谈。基于CCS数据和受访者的见解,我们描述了成人慢性疾病路径社区中心项目的发展和成就,并确定了挑战和经验教训。结果:托莱多/卢卡斯县项目在头两年实施期间,解决了项目中651名低收入成年人的3,515个已确定的健康和行为风险中的一半以上。主要挑战包括建立社区支持,建立协调护理的能力,以及长期维持该计划。建立社区网络以支持项目服务和发展多种资金来源是项目长期可持续性的关键经验。结论:记录现有规划的挑战和成功,提取经验教训以指导类似公共卫生工作的实施,可能会改善干预措施的实施。Pathways社区HUB模式在解决高危成年人的风险方面取得了成功。然而,对不同人群的模型进行更全面的评估是必要的。
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引用次数: 3
Ohio Journal of Public Health Vol. 2, Issue 1 (Summer 2019): Full Issue 俄亥俄州公共卫生杂志第2卷,第1期(2019年夏季):完整版
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.18061/ojph.v2i1.9004
Ohio Public Health Association Opha
No abstract available.
没有可用的摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Public Health and Politics 公共卫生与政治
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.18061/ojph.v2i1.9041
Joe Ebel
No abstract available.
没有可用的摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Incarceration and Mental Health: The Often-Ignored Public Health Crisis 监禁和心理健康:经常被忽视的公共卫生危机
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.18061/ojph.v2i1.9035
A. Ferketich
No abstract available.
没有摘要。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Ohio journal of public health
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