Ohio journal of public health最新文献

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Effects of Regional Income, Race, and Educational Level on Incidence of Diabetes and Heart Disease in Ohio 俄亥俄州地区收入、种族和教育水平对糖尿病和心脏病发病率的影响

Ohio journal of public health

Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.18061/ojph.v4i2.8121

James R. Bolchalk, Sangeeta Gupta

Background: Socioeconomic factors such as income, education, race, age, and weight are thought to be contributing factors for the incidence of chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease are not only serious health complications but also cause significant financial burden to the health care system, both in Ohio and the US. This study seeks to examine the relationship of these socioeconomic factors to the prevalence of these 2 diseases in Ohio using the data available from Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Systems (BRFSS). Methods: Fourteen regions in Ohio were analyzed using logistic regression for socioeconomic impacts on diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Data for this study were obtained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Systems (BRFSS) for the years 2011 through 2018. Results: Our results indicate that a strong relationship exists between age and weight with both diabetes and cardiovascular disease in all 14 regions of Ohio, as expected. However, the contribution of the other socioeconomic factors, except income and education levels, is less certain. Conclusion: This study suggests that besides promoting public health programs that focus on weight and age, effort should be made to evolve strategies promoting increased levels of income augmentation in the population.

背景：收入、教育、种族、年龄和体重等社会经济因素被认为是糖尿病和心血管疾病等慢性疾病发病率的促成因素。在俄亥俄州和美国，糖尿病和心血管疾病不仅是严重的健康并发症，而且会给医疗保健系统带来巨大的经济负担。本研究试图利用行为风险因素监测系统（BRFSS）提供的数据，检验这些社会经济因素与俄亥俄州这两种疾病患病率的关系。方法：使用逻辑回归分析俄亥俄州14个地区对糖尿病和心血管疾病的社会经济影响。本研究的数据来自2011年至2018年的行为风险因素监测系统（BRFSS）。结果：我们的研究结果表明，正如预期的那样，俄亥俄州所有14个地区的年龄和体重与糖尿病和心血管疾病之间存在着密切的关系。然而，除收入和教育水平外，其他社会经济因素的贡献不太确定。结论：这项研究表明，除了促进以体重和年龄为重点的公共卫生计划外，还应努力制定促进人口收入增加水平的战略。

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引用次数: 0

The Supply of Authorized Providers for Medication-Assisted Treatment in Ohio 俄亥俄州药物辅助治疗授权提供者的供应

Ohio journal of public health

Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.18061/ojph.v4i2.8439

Ariana Pitcher, W. Xu

Background: Ohio experiences among the highest drug overdose rates nationally. The Drug Addiction Treatment Act (DATA) of 2000 permits qualified clinicians to use medication-assisted treatment (MAT) to treat opioid dependency. This study characterizes clinicians authorized to perform MAT and examines whether these clinicians are geographically collocated in areas with higher opioid burdens. Methods: Data of DATA providers in 2019 came from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration. Opioid overdose mortality rates were extracted from the County Health Rankings and Roadmaps to represent disease burdens in local areas. The DATA provider density is represented by the number of DATA-waivered providers per 100 000 population for each county. We used Pearson correlational tests to examine the correlations between the local DATA provider density and the opioid mortality rate.Results: Most of the DATA providers were physicians (57%), followed by nurse practitioners (27%) and physician assistants (4%). The average waivered provider density was 13.90 per 100 000 population. The local density of DATA providers and local opioid overdose death rates are moderately correlated (P < 0.001).Conclusion: Physicians still represent most waivered providers in Ohio. While DATA providers were located in some areas with high needs for opioid treatments, our data suggest that other areas with high opioid burdens likely have an inadequate workforce supply to reduce opioid burdens. Without an adequate DATA workforce, policies that focus on MAT care access to address the opioid epidemic may be in vain.

背景：俄亥俄州是全国药物过量率最高的州之一。2000年的《药物成瘾治疗法》（DATA）允许合格的临床医生使用药物辅助治疗（MAT）来治疗阿片类药物依赖。这项研究描述了被授权进行MAT的临床医生的特征，并检查了这些临床医生是否在阿片类药物负担较高的地区进行地理配置。方法：2019年数据提供者的数据来自药物滥用和心理健康管理局。阿片类药物过量死亡率是从县卫生排名和路线图中提取的，以代表当地的疾病负担。数据提供者密度由每个县每100000人口中放弃数据提供者的数量表示。我们使用Pearson相关检验来检验本地数据提供者密度与阿片类药物死亡率之间的相关性。结果：大多数数据提供者是医生（57%），其次是执业护士（27%）和医生助理（4%）。放弃提供者的平均密度为每10万人口13.90人。数据提供者的本地密度与本地阿片类药物过量死亡率呈中度相关（P<0.001）。结论：在俄亥俄州，医生仍然是大多数放弃数据提供者的代表。虽然数据提供者位于一些对阿片类药物治疗需求较高的地区，但我们的数据表明，其他阿片类物质负担较高的地区可能劳动力供应不足，无法减轻阿片类化合物负担。如果没有足够的DATA工作人员，专注于MAT护理以应对阿片类药物流行的政策可能是徒劳的。

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引用次数: 0

Home Health Aides: The Burgeoning Backbone of the Health Care System 家庭健康助理:医疗保健系统的新兴支柱

Ohio journal of public health

Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.18061/ojph.v4i2.8374

Margo H. Schmiederer

No abstract available.

没有摘要。

引用次数: 0

A Comparison of Nonprofit Hospital Charity Care Policies and Community Benefit in Central Ohio to Peer Cities 俄亥俄州中部与同行城市非营利性医院慈善护理政策及社区效益比较

Ohio journal of public health

Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.18061/ojph.v4i2.8438

Sarah Clagg, Andrew Wapner, Jeff Klingler, S. Schweikhart

Background: Nonprofit hospitals in the United States are required to provide community benefits, including charity care, to receive tax exemption from the federal government. Central Ohio's nonprofit hospitals have agreed to the same charity care policies, which may be unique compared to other communities across the county. The aim of this research is to compare the charity care policies of hospitals in Columbus, Ohio, to their peer cities, investigating if hospitals in similar cities have common shared charity care thresholds and to determine if hospitals in peer cities provided similar levels of community benefit. Methods: Tax data from nonprofit hospitals in 21 cities were collected and analyzed using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation). City community benefit data was summed and averaged using Excel to create a graphical representation of the data. Results: Only Columbus, Ohio, and Providence, Rhode Island, reported the same charity care thresholds across hospitals. Data demonstrate that Columbus provides less community benefit in dollars to total expenses compared to peer cities; however, this appears to be only true regarding other community benefit excluding charity care. Columbus was near the median among cities examined in regard to percentage of charity care to total community benefit. Conclusion: Results suggest variability in the amount and type of community benefit nonprofit hospitals provide. Central Ohio hospitals have the same charity care thresholds and spent approximately the same in total community benefit however it is not transparent how these funds are utilized. Current federal regulations do not assess whether the community benefits reported are affecting community health outcomes.

背景:美国的非营利性医院必须提供社区福利，包括慈善护理，才能获得联邦政府的免税待遇。俄亥俄州中部的非营利性医院也同意同样的慈善护理政策，这与全县其他社区相比可能是独一无二的。本研究的目的是将俄亥俄州哥伦布市医院的慈善护理政策与同行城市进行比较，调查相似城市的医院是否有共同的慈善护理门槛，并确定同行城市的医院是否提供了相似的社区福利水平。方法:采用Microsoft Excel软件对21个城市非营利性医院的税务数据进行收集和分析。使用Excel对城市社区福利数据进行汇总和平均，以创建数据的图形表示。结果:只有俄亥俄州哥伦布市和罗德岛州普罗维登斯市报告了不同医院相同的慈善护理阈值。数据显示，与其他城市相比，哥伦布提供的社区收益占总开支的比例较低;然而，这似乎只适用于其他社区利益，不包括慈善关怀。在接受调查的城市中，哥伦布的慈善服务占社区总收益的比例接近中位数。结论:结果表明非营利性医院提供的社区福利的数量和类型存在差异。俄亥俄州中部的医院有相同的慈善护理门槛，在社区福利总额上的支出也大致相同，但这些资金的使用方式并不透明。目前的联邦法规没有评估报告的社区福利是否正在影响社区健康结果。

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引用次数: 0

Ohio Journal of Public Health Vol. 4, Issue 2 (January 2022): Full Issue 俄亥俄州公共卫生杂志第4卷，第2期(2022年1月):完整版

Ohio journal of public health

Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.18061/ojph.v4i2.8823

Ohio Public Health Association Opha

No abstract available.

没有可用的摘要。

引用次数: 0

The Relationship Between Medical Diagnoses, Risk Perceptions, and Social Distancing Compliance: An Analysis of Data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study. 医学诊断、风险认知和社会距离依从性之间的关系:来自托莱多青少年关系研究的数据分析。

Ohio journal of public health

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.18061/ojph.v4i2.8352

Ian Y King, Wendy D Manning, Monica A Longmore, Peggy C Giordano

Background: The health belief model suggests that individuals' beliefs affect behaviors associated with health. This study examined whether Ohioans' pre-existing medical health diagnoses affected their belief about personal health risk and their compliance with social distancing during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Prior research examining physical and mental diagnoses and social distancing compliance is nearly nonexistent. We examined whether physical and mental health diagnoses influenced individuals' beliefs that their health is at risk and their adherence with social distancing guidelines.

Methods: The study used longitudinal cohort data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS) (n = 790), which surveyed Ohioans prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dependent variables included belief that an individual's own health was at risk and social distancing compliance. Independent variables included physical and mental health diagnoses, pandemic-related factors (fear of COVID-19, political beliefs about the pandemic, friends social distance, family social distance, COVID-19 exposure), and sociodemographic variables (age, gender, race/ethnicity, educational level).

Results: Individuals who had a pre-existing physical health diagnosis were more likely to believe that their personal health was at risk during the pandemic but were not more likely to comply with social distancing guidelines. In contrast, individuals who had a pre-existing mental health diagnosis were more compliant with social distancing guidelines but were not more likely to believe their personal health was at risk. Individuals who expressed greater fear of COVID-19 believed their health is more at risk than those who expressed lower levels of fear.

Conclusion: Health considerations are important to account for in assessments of responses to the pandemic, beliefs about personal health risk, and social distancing behavior. Additional research is needed to understand the divergence in the findings regarding physical health, beliefs about personal health risk, and social distancing compliance. Further, research is needed to understand how mental health issues impact decision-making related to social distancing compliance.

背景：健康信念模型表明，个人的信念会影响与健康相关的行为。这项研究调查了俄亥俄州人之前的医疗健康诊断是否影响了他们对个人健康风险的信念，以及他们在2019冠状病毒病（新冠肺炎）大流行期间遵守社交距离的情况。之前关于身体和心理诊断以及社交距离遵守情况的研究几乎不存在。我们研究了身体和心理健康诊断是否影响了个人的健康风险信念以及他们对社交距离准则的遵守。方法：该研究使用了托莱多青少年关系研究（TARS）（n=790）的纵向队列数据，该研究在新冠肺炎大流行之前和期间调查了俄亥俄州人。因变量包括个人自身健康面临风险的信念和保持社交距离的依从性。独立变量包括身心健康诊断、流行病相关因素（对新冠肺炎的恐惧、对大流行的政治信仰、朋友社交距离、家庭社交距离、新冠肺炎暴露）、，以及社会人口统计学变量（年龄、性别、种族/民族、教育水平）。结果：先前有身体健康诊断的个人更有可能相信自己的个人健康在疫情期间处于危险之中，但不太可能遵守社交距离准则。相比之下，先前有心理健康诊断的人更符合社交距离准则，但不太可能相信自己的个人健康有风险。对新冠肺炎表现出更大恐惧的个人认为，与表现出较低恐惧水平的人相比，他们的健康风险更大。结论：在评估对大流行的反应、对个人健康风险的信念和保持社交距离行为时，健康考虑因素很重要。需要进行更多的研究，以了解在身体健康、个人健康风险信念和社交距离依从性方面的发现差异。此外，还需要进行研究，以了解心理健康问题如何影响与遵守社交距离相关的决策。

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引用次数: 0

Using Social Determinants Screening/Mapping Tools to Identify Needs and Resources for Student-Run Free Clinic Patients 使用社会决定因素筛选/绘图工具确定学生免费诊所患者的需求和资源

Ohio journal of public health

Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.18061/ojph.v4i1.8073

Akanksha Dadlani, Cooper Johnson, R. Fischbein, Stacey Gardner-Buckshaw, Amy Lee, J. Boltri

Background: Social determinants of health have been well accepted as contributing to health outcomes. They are a vital aspect of health care delivery and must be a consideration, especially among free clinic populations. Social determinants of health have also become a required element of medical school curricula. The Student Outreach to Area Residents Student-Run Free Clinic based out of Northeast Ohio Medical University piloted a student-led program that implemented social determinants of health screening and community resource referral as a part of integrated health care delivery for all its patients. Methods: We described the development of a screening tool, protocol, and creation of community resource referral materials. We also described the tracking of patient-reported needs and mapping of location and accessibility of community resources. One hundred patients were surveyed through convenience sampling, and results were used for program improvement. Results/Conclusion: After collecting and analyzing survey results, it was found that the 2 most frequently requested determinants were mental health and utilities services, and the most available community resource was emergency food services. We also mapped these results by zip code and found gaps between need and distribution of services. We demonstrated the utility of mapping to identify points of improvement for the future. We also provided lessons learned related to effective social determinants of health screening, community resource referral, and overall program implementation in student-run free clinics. We further explained the benefits of including similar student-led programs as a way for students to gain practical experience related to social determinants of health.

背景:健康的社会决定因素已被广泛接受为有助于健康结果。它们是提供保健服务的一个重要方面，必须予以考虑，特别是在免费诊所人群中。健康的社会决定因素也已成为医学院课程的必要内容。东北俄亥俄医科大学的学生社区居民免费诊所试点了一个由学生主导的项目，将健康筛查和社区资源转诊的社会决定因素作为所有患者综合医疗服务的一部分。方法:我们描述了一种筛选工具、方案和社区资源推荐材料的开发。我们还描述了对患者报告需求的跟踪以及对社区资源的位置和可及性的映射。通过方便抽样对100名患者进行了调查，并将调查结果用于项目改进。结果/结论:通过对调查结果的收集和分析，发现最常被要求的2个决定因素是心理健康和公用事业服务，最可获得的社区资源是紧急食品服务。我们还按邮政编码绘制了这些结果图，发现了服务需求和分配之间的差距。我们演示了映射的效用，以确定未来的改进点。我们还提供了与健康筛查、社区资源转诊和学生开办的免费诊所的整体项目实施的有效社会决定因素有关的经验教训。我们进一步解释了将类似的学生主导的项目作为学生获得与健康的社会决定因素相关的实践经验的一种方式的好处。

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引用次数: 1

Toledo Naloxone Outreach Program: Patient and Health Care Professional Student Education 托莱多纳洛酮推广计划:病人和卫生保健专业学生教育

Ohio journal of public health

Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.18061/ojph.v4i1.8072

Alex Petrak, Luke Zona, Jeni Ten Eyck, M. Karamchandani, T. Singh

Background: In 2016, Ohio was home to 2 of the top 10 cities with opioid overdoses in the United States. Dayton ranked first, and Toledo held the tenth slot. In response to the opioid epidemic, the Toledo Naloxone Outreach Program (TNOP) was developed to provide naloxone to underserved patients at a student-run free clinic.Methods: The TNOP takes place weekly at 2 locations in the greater Toledo area. Patients are asked to fill out an anonymous survey and given a brief training session by a health care professional student. Patients are then sent home with a free naloxone kit. Additionally, health care professional students were surveyed on their confidence of acquiring a substance use history and knowledge of local services for patients and family members of those experiencing addiction during the "train the trainer" event. The health care professional student survey utilized a 1-5 Likert scale and was analyzed using paired student t tests.Results: Survey results from patients indicate that a majority had not received nalox one prior to the training, indicating the service was expanding access to an otherwise underserved population. Results from the survey administered before and after health care professional student training sessions reflect a significant increase in confidence eliciting a substance abuse history and providing patients and/or family members with addiction resources in the community.Conclusion: The TNOP has provided the community of Toledo with 2 additional outreach locations for receiving free naloxone kits with proper education. Currently, TNOP is in the process of expanding the outreach program to additional student-run free clinics in Ohio.

背景：2016年，俄亥俄州是美国阿片类药物过量十大城市中的两个。代顿排名第一，托莱多排名第十。为了应对阿片类药物的流行，制定了托莱多纳洛酮外展计划（TNOP），在一家学生经营的免费诊所为服务不足的患者提供纳洛酮。方法：TNOP每周在大托莱多地区的两个地点进行。患者被要求填写一份匿名调查，并由一名医疗保健专业学生进行简短的培训。然后，患者被送回家，并获得免费的纳洛酮试剂盒。此外，还对医疗保健专业学生进行了调查，了解他们在“培训师”活动中获得药物使用史和成瘾患者及其家人当地服务知识的信心。卫生保健专业学生调查采用1-5 Likert量表，并使用配对学生t检验进行分析。结果：患者的调查结果表明，大多数患者在培训前没有接受过纳洛昔单抗，这表明该服务正在扩大服务不足人群的使用范围。在卫生保健专业学生培训课程前后进行的调查结果表明，在引发药物滥用史并为患者和/或家庭成员提供社区成瘾资源方面，信心显著增强。结论：TNOP为托莱多社区提供了2个额外的外展地点，以接受免费的纳洛酮试剂盒和适当的教育。目前，TNOP正在将外展计划扩大到俄亥俄州更多的学生开办的免费诊所。

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引用次数: 0

Keeping the Public Healthy During a Global Pandemic 在全球大流行期间保持公众健康

Ohio journal of public health

Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.18061/ojph.v4i1.8365

A. Ferketich

No abstract available.

没有可用的摘要。

引用次数: 0

Unintended Consequences: Social Isolation in the Elderly During COVID-19 意外后果：新冠肺炎期间老年人的社会隔离

Ohio journal of public health

Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.18061/ojph.v4i1.8066

Geoffrey Carney-Knisely

No abstract available.

没有可用的摘要。

引用次数: 0

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