Personality disorders最新文献

Research on the dimensional approach to personality disorders in relation to psychosocial functioning is limited, particularly among adolescents. Since adolescence is a critical developmental period from the emergence of personality disorders, it is crucial to understand how both Criterion A (the level of personality functioning) and Criterion B (maladaptive personality traits) contribute to various domains of psychosocial functioning in this age group. To address this research gap, the current study evaluated the extent to which Criterion A and Criterion B of the alternative model for personality disorders predict psychosocial functioning in community-based sample adolescents over a 1-year period, beyond the overall psychopathology and baseline levels of psychosocial functioning. The study involved 855 adolescents aged 11-18 (M = 14.44, SD = 1.60; 62.5% female) at baseline and followed up 1 year later, achieving a 94% retention rate. Measurements included the assessments of the level of personality functioning, maladaptive personality traits, overall psychopathology, academic functioning, social functioning, and well-being. The findings indicated that while both Criterion A and Criterion B are associated with lower levels of psychosocial functioning 1 year later, their contributions varied across domains. Criterion A significantly predicted functioning in social and well-being domains, while Criterion B predicted social difficulties only. Neither Criterion A nor Criterion B was significant in predicting academic functioning. Psychoticism contributed to the experience of social rebuff, while detachment was uniquely linked to a lower quality of life. The results contribute to the understanding of how dimensionally defined personality pathology affects psychosocial functioning, adding a prospective perspective during adolescence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Individuals' psychopathic personality traits can have negative effects on the people around them. This research investigated whether the negativity of someone's psychopathic personality crosses over to their partner and then spills over into their partner's workplace. Using a nationally diverse community sample of 490 employed romantic couples from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses examined the associations among psychopathy facets (fearless dominance, self-centered impulsivity, and coldheartedness), relationship satisfaction, and professional success. Cross-sectional dyadic modeling indicated that an individual's coldheartedness was negatively associated with their partner's occupational prestige, although there was no evidence that partner's relationship satisfaction mediated this link. Furthermore, the associations between psychopathy and professional success at the individual level were partially mediated by a person's own relationship satisfaction. Longitudinal dyadic modeling suggested that an individual's self-centered impulsivity negatively predicted their partner's relationship satisfaction and positively predicted their partner's occupational prestige over time. Collectively, this research suggests that an individual's psychopathic traits may foster negativity in relationships that spills over into their own workplaces but do not cross and spill over to their partner's workplace. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Impairments in mentalizing, the capacity to understand the self and others in terms of intentional mental states, are proposed to play an important role in the emergence of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in adolescence. Although mentalizing problems in adults with BPD have been amply demonstrated, research in adolescence lags behind in terms of both the normative development of mentalizing in adolescence and the relation between different dimensions of mentalizing and adolescent BPD. Therefore, the current study investigated developmental trends and sex-related differences related to different mentalizing dimensions and the associations between mentalizing dimensions and BPD features in a large group of adolescents (N = 456, M_age = 15.4 years, range = 12-19) oversampled for risk status for psychopathology. The results demonstrated that age was not associated with increases in the capacity for mentalizing, with one exception: externally based mentalizing improved with age. Girls reported greater difficulties in self-focused, internal, and affective mentalizing, but at the same time also higher levels of other-focused, internal, affective, and cognitive mentalizing than boys. Adolescent BPD features were mainly associated with difficulties in understanding, differentiating, and expressing emotions and elevated sensitivity and concern for the feelings of others. Specifically, problems with self-focused, internally based, affective mentalizing best predicted BPD features both categorically and dimensionally. The implications of these findings for our understanding of the relation between mentalizing and BPD in adolescents will be discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

This study tested the possibility that the four facets of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised/Screening Version (PCL-R/SV) serve as bipolar constructs in predicting future criminal justice outcomes. Organizing scores on the four facets (Interpersonal, Affective, Lifestyle, and Antisocial) into three categories-that is, lowest 25% of cases (best category), highest 25% of cases (worst category), and middle 50% of cases (intermediate category)-we tested bipolarity by crossing the three categories with a dichotomized crime/violence outcome and calculating both promotive (best category vs. worst + intermediate categories) and risk (worst category vs. best + intermediate categories) effects in six samples. Bipolarity was defined as the simultaneous presence of promotive (low scores predicting a good outcome) and risk (high scores predicting a poor outcome) effects for each PCL-R/SV facet in each sample. Odds ratios and the Cochrane-Armitage linear trend test revealed evidence of bipolarity in one of six samples for the Interpersonal facet, three of six samples for the Affective facet, five of six samples for the Lifestyle facet, and all six samples for the Antisocial facet. An item response theory analysis was then conducted, the results of which supported the facet-level findings from the odds ratio and Cochrane-Armitage analyses at the individual item level. These results provide modest (Affective facet) to moderately strong (Lifestyle and Antisocial facets) evidence of bipolarity in three of the four facets of the PCL-R/SV by showing that low scores are just as effective in predicting good criminal justice outcomes as high scores are in predicting poor criminal justice outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

This study aimed to assess measurement invariance for the Five-Factor Inventory for ICD-11 (Oltmanns & Widiger, 2020) across nine national samples from four continents (n = 6,342), and to validate a French translation in seven French-speaking national samples. All were convenience samples of adults. Exploratory factor analyses supported a four-factor structure in the French-speaking Western samples (Belgium, Canada, France, and Switzerland) while a three-factor structure was preferred in the French-speaking African samples (Burkina Faso and Togo), and no adequate structure was found in the Indian sample. Factor congruence with the original American sample was excellent for the Western samples but not for the non-Western samples. Exploratory bifactor analyses led to similar results, with the g-factor essentially reflecting one of the first-order factors observed in the exploratory factor analyses. Support for configural, metric, scalar (partial), and strict invariance was obtained across the six Western samples, as well as across the two African samples. Support for criterion validity of the Five-Factor Inventory for ICD-11 scales was also obtained, with relevant associations between scale scores and the presence of a mental health diagnosis and consulting a mental health professional, but validity was lower in the non-Western samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct that is composed of positive, negative, and disorganized dimensions. Historically, disorganized schizotypy, which involves disruptions in thoughts, speech, behavior, and affect, has been relatively understudied and less clearly operationalized than the other dimensions. The present study employed experience sampling methodology to examine the associations of positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy, as measured by the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale, with daily life experiences. A total of 601 young adults were prompted eight times daily for 1 week to complete experience sampling methodology questionnaires that assessed affect, social functioning, schizotypic experiences, situation appraisals, and substance use in daily life, with an emphasis on disorganized schizotypic experiences and communication disruptions. As hypothesized, disorganized schizotypy was associated with momentary disorganization, negative affect, and stress over-and-above positive and negative schizotypy. Negative schizotypy was associated with diminished positive affect, poor social functioning, and diminished emotional clarity. Positive schizotypy was associated with momentary reports of strange or unusual thoughts, racing thoughts, and emotions and thoughts feeling out of control. All three schizotypy dimensions uniquely predicted communication difficulties. Cross-level interactions indicated disorganized schizotypy, but not positive or negative schizotypy, predicted stronger associations of simultaneous reports of doing something that requires focus and attention with negative affect and difficulty completing the current task. Overall, the present study expands our understanding of disorganized schizotypy's expression in daily life and builds upon previous findings by demonstrating the unique associations of positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy with daily life experiences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Antagonism is a personality domain located in most major trait models and is central to multiple personality disorders. This construct has been linked to many societally harmful externalizing behaviors (e.g., criminal conduct). Consequently, accurate assessment of this trait is important in both research and clinical settings. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI-3) is among the most widely used personality assessment instruments, and both researchers and clinicians using it can benefit from proper assessment of antagonism. Although the Personality Psychopathology Five measures aggressiveness (AGGR), a conceptual cognate to antagonism, its content is restricted. Thus, the current studies aimed to develop and validate a new MMPI-3 Antagonism (ANT) scale using six different samples drawn from university, community, and mental health settings (ns = 289-1,660). Scale development (Study 1) was approached using criterion validity and latent modeling methods with a series of conceptually indicated candidate items. The resulting scale had improved content coverage of antagonism when compared to the AGGR scale. Subsequent validation analyses (Study 2) examined the ANT scale in terms of convergent and incremental validity against antagonism criteria, as well as its discriminant validity against disinhibition criteria. The results largely supported superior construct validity of ANT scale scores over those of AGGR, indicating that the ANT scale has promise as meaningful addition to the MMPI-3 in the assessment of this construct. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Deficits of social cognition are regularly but inconsistently reported among individuals with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Because of the multifaceted nature of social cognition, deficits might be only observed when assessing specific facets of social cognition and under sufficiently demanding conditions. This study examined self-other distinction performance, a key facet lying at the core of the attachment-based model of mentalizing (Fonagy & Luyten, 2009). Twenty-one forensic inpatients with ASPD and 19 participants from the community completed a visual perspective-taking paradigm allowing to tease apart self-other priority (i.e., how self-focused one is) from self-other distinction performance (i.e., how much one confuses his with others' mental states). The ASPD group made significantly more errors at handling conflicting self-other viewpoints when requiring self-other distinction (19%) than the control group (4%), but the ASPD group was not significantly more self-focused. In contrast, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index self-report scale did not differentiate the two groups. However, a novel measure of self-other distinction based on empathic concern (i.e., the tendency to experience feelings of concern and compassion for others) and personal distress subscales (i.e., the tendency to experience personal distress in response to the distress of others) did differentiate the two groups, albeit to a significantly lower extent than the objective measure of self-other distinction. Altogether, these findings indicate the presence of a self-other distinction deficit in ASPD and advocate for psychometric approaches that embrace the multifaceted nature of social cognition and the need for objective measures with sufficient sensitivity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Personality dysfunction may be a key driver of externalizing psychopathology, but more research is needed to understand how personality dysfunction relates to externalizing psychopathology. Moreover, psychopathology manifests in daily life, and little work has considered how day-to-day changes in personality dysfunction influence the expression of externalizing behaviors and urges. The present research examined how the alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD) related to broad and narrower aspects of externalizing psychopathology. Measures were collected at baseline (n = 278), and longitudinally through a 14-day diary study. At baseline, and in daily life, most AMPD variables correlated with broad and narrow domains of externalizing psychopathology. When AMPD variables were entered together, as expected, the pathological traits of disinhibition and antagonism were uniquely linked to psychopathology at baseline and in daily life. When entered together, daily exacerbations of externalizing behaviors were related to negative affect and disinhibition, while daily externalizing urges were more consistently related to the level of personality functioning and negative affect. We discuss how these results align with expectations from the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology model, and discuss the potential of linking personality to externalizing psychopathology across timescale and broad/narrower structural levels. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

A multispecifier model for subtyping children and adolescents with conduct disorder (CD) has been proposed that, in addition to callous-unemotional (CU) traits, also considers grandiose-manipulative (GM) and daring-impulsive (DI) traits. Yet, concerns have been raised about the potential overlap of these latter two specifiers with existing CD criteria and their limited added value to the prediction of etiologically and clinically relevant correlates. The present study was designed to address these concerns while using data from 286 detained boys with a CD diagnosis (ages 16 to 17 years). In addition to a diagnostic interview, participants completed questionnaires that assessed GM, CU, and DI traits, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, and external correlates. Findings showed that all three specifiers were weakly to moderately correlated to the CD symptom scores. In support of the CU subtyping scheme, CU traits incrementally contributed to the prediction of various external correlates, beyond the total number of CD symptoms, childhood-onset CD, and ADHD symptoms. Importantly, GM and DI traits also significantly added to the prediction of etiologically (i.e., maternal parenting, empathy, and anxiety) and clinically (i.e., proactive aggression and substance use) relevant correlates beyond CU traits. In conclusion, this study suggests that GM and DI traits, just like CU traits, add to the classification of detained boys with CD and have validity for subtyping CD. Nevertheless, a systematic evaluation of the multispecifier model for CD and related concerns is needed before firm conclusions can be drawn about the utility of having additional specifiers for CD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).