Personality disorders最新文献

Increasing interest surrounds the relation between Level of Personality Functioning (LPF), as defined by Criterion A of the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders, and the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) model. However, the integration of LPF within HiTOP remains unclear. Using bivariate correlation and linear regression analyses, this study assessed the associations between LPF and HiTOP spectra (externalizing antisocial, externalizing drug use, internalizing, antagonism, detachment, and psychoticism). A sample of 1,183 participants (46.2% female, M_age = 31.3 ± 14.8 years) from the Italian community completed various self-report measures to capture impairments in personality functioning, and several psychopathology symptoms. Bivariate correlations and regression analyses showed that the LPF facets were consistently associated with all HiTOP domains, even though the LPF measures used in this study appeared more reflective of internalizing symptoms than externalizing ones. The identity facet of LPF was uniquely associated with all outcome criteria, whereas no unique associations were evident for self-direction. Empathy facet had the highest association with antagonism while intimacy presented the highest relation with detachment. Overall, the evidence presented in this study partially supports the construct validity of Criterion A, highlighting its relevance across a wide range of psychopathological symptoms and its potential utility in clinical assessment beyond formal personality disorder diagnoses. Thus, this study may contribute to the understanding of LPF's role in the dimensional model of psychopathology and underscores the importance of considering personality functioning in the assessment and treatment of mental disorders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Emotion dysregulation is a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, there is a dearth of literature examining the association between the dysregulation of positive emotions and BPD. The present study assesses the reciprocal and longitudinal associations between positive emotion dysregulation and BPD features. Participants were 149 community women currently experiencing intimate partner violence and using substances (M_age = 40.3, 30.8% Black). BPD was assessed at baseline via a clinician-administered diagnostic interview. Participants self-reported on positive emotion dysregulation and BPD features at baseline and 1-month follow-up sessions. Positive emotion dysregulation did not significantly predict BPD features at 1-month follow-up when controlling for initial BPD features (β = -.09, SE = 0.07, p = .21, confidence interval [CI] [-0.23, 0.10]). However, BPD features did significantly predict positive emotion dysregulation at 1-month follow-up, when controlling for initial positive emotion dysregulation (β = .25, SE = 0.10, p = .01, CI [0.07, 0.44]). This study offers initial insight into the nature of the association between BPD and positive emotion dysregulation over time among women experiencing intimate partner violence and using substances. Findings highlight the role of BPD features in the exacerbation of positive emotion dysregulation, which may inform targeted assessments and treatments in this area. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is commonly comorbid with chronic pain and associated with pain symptoms and interference. BPD features are associated with negative affect, which is associated with pain catastrophizing and/or pain anxiety, and finally pain severity or interference. We extended models of the BPD-pain associations in a chronic pain sample (N = 202), highlighting the role of negative affect (depression and anxiety) and pain catastrophizing, and exploring the potential benefit of emotional suppression/distraction as a component of these associations. BPD symptoms were positively associated with pain severity, mediated by negative affect and pain catastrophizing, supporting a cognitive-affective pathway linking BPD to pain experiencing. There was only minor evidence for the benefit of incorporating emotional suppression/distraction into research or treatment on the BPD-pain association. We provide clinical implications based on targeting affective symptoms and catastrophizing among individuals with co-occurring chronic pain and BPD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Social cognition may play a central role in many schizotypal personality characteristics, such as suspiciousness, constricted affect, social anxiety, and lack of close relationships. This study investigated how factors relevant to self-other distinction (i.e., emotion contagion and personal distress) were related to social schizotypal personality traits, in two experiments involving healthy young adults. Subclinical depressive symptoms, alexithymia, and obsessive-compulsive traits, were explored as potential mediators of the relationship between personal distress and schizotypy. Experiment 1 showed that high sadness contagion predicted personal distress, which in turn predicted cognitive disorganization. This relationship was mediated by low mood. Experiment 2 revealed that high personal distress predicted excessive social anxiety and ideas of reference, as well as obsessive-compulsive tendencies. Personal distress also predicted difficulty identifying feelings, an aspect of alexithymia that could develop as a result of difficulties in disentangling emotional experiences related to the self and others. However, it was difficulty describing feelings that predicted social anhedonia, constricted affect, and no close friends. While personal distress was a positive predictor of empathic concern, social anhedonia was a negative predictor. These findings suggest that personal distress and difficulty identifying feelings predict more anxious and disorganized aspects of schizotypy, as well as subclinical depressive and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Future research should investigate whether this profile, which may be more closely related to low self-other distinction, contrasts with a more socially avoidant presentation, characterized by negative schizotypal traits such as social anhedonia and lower empathy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Problems with self- and interpersonal functioning are defining features of personality disorders (PDs) that seem to stem from impairments in self-other distinction (SOD), that is, the sociocognitive capacity to distinguish between one's own and others' mental and physical experiences. There has been recent renewed interest in this topic across a wide range of fields, from clinical psychology to social neuroscience and experimental psychology. This special section on "Self-Other Distinction in Personality Disorders" is therefore very timely, particularly given the shift to dimensional views of personality pathology with an emphasis on impairment in self and relatedness. In this editorial, we first summarize the various research traditions concerning the potential role of SOD impairment in PDs, including recent advancements in social neuroscience and experimental psychology focusing on the mechanisms that might underlie SOD. We then discuss the main contributions of the five highly innovative articles in this special section. Together, these articles highlight the potential value of a focus on PDs through the lens of SOD impairments in order to better understand key features of this group of disorders, such as emotional contagion, perspective-taking difficulties, blurred embodied self-other boundaries, and self-other coordination difficulties. Our increasing insights into SOD problems can also be expected to increase the effectiveness of treatments for PDs and related conditions. Yet, much work remains to be done in this area, and we end this editorial by discussing a number of potential avenues for translational research in this regard. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Deficits of social cognition are regularly but inconsistently reported among individuals with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Because of the multifaceted nature of social cognition, deficits might be only observed when assessing specific facets of social cognition and under sufficiently demanding conditions. This study examined self-other distinction performance, a key facet lying at the core of the attachment-based model of mentalizing (Fonagy & Luyten, 2009). Twenty-one forensic inpatients with ASPD and 19 participants from the community completed a visual perspective-taking paradigm allowing to tease apart self-other priority (i.e., how self-focused one is) from self-other distinction performance (i.e., how much one confuses his with others' mental states). The ASPD group made significantly more errors at handling conflicting self-other viewpoints when requiring self-other distinction (19%) than the control group (4%), but the ASPD group was not significantly more self-focused. In contrast, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index self-report scale did not differentiate the two groups. However, a novel measure of self-other distinction based on empathic concern (i.e., the tendency to experience feelings of concern and compassion for others) and personal distress subscales (i.e., the tendency to experience personal distress in response to the distress of others) did differentiate the two groups, albeit to a significantly lower extent than the objective measure of self-other distinction. Altogether, these findings indicate the presence of a self-other distinction deficit in ASPD and advocate for psychometric approaches that embrace the multifaceted nature of social cognition and the need for objective measures with sufficient sensitivity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Personality dysfunction may be a key driver of externalizing psychopathology, but more research is needed to understand how personality dysfunction relates to externalizing psychopathology. Moreover, psychopathology manifests in daily life, and little work has considered how day-to-day changes in personality dysfunction influence the expression of externalizing behaviors and urges. The present research examined how the alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD) related to broad and narrower aspects of externalizing psychopathology. Measures were collected at baseline (n = 278), and longitudinally through a 14-day diary study. At baseline, and in daily life, most AMPD variables correlated with broad and narrow domains of externalizing psychopathology. When AMPD variables were entered together, as expected, the pathological traits of disinhibition and antagonism were uniquely linked to psychopathology at baseline and in daily life. When entered together, daily exacerbations of externalizing behaviors were related to negative affect and disinhibition, while daily externalizing urges were more consistently related to the level of personality functioning and negative affect. We discuss how these results align with expectations from the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology model, and discuss the potential of linking personality to externalizing psychopathology across timescale and broad/narrower structural levels. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

A multispecifier model for subtyping children and adolescents with conduct disorder (CD) has been proposed that, in addition to callous-unemotional (CU) traits, also considers grandiose-manipulative (GM) and daring-impulsive (DI) traits. Yet, concerns have been raised about the potential overlap of these latter two specifiers with existing CD criteria and their limited added value to the prediction of etiologically and clinically relevant correlates. The present study was designed to address these concerns while using data from 286 detained boys with a CD diagnosis (ages 16 to 17 years). In addition to a diagnostic interview, participants completed questionnaires that assessed GM, CU, and DI traits, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, and external correlates. Findings showed that all three specifiers were weakly to moderately correlated to the CD symptom scores. In support of the CU subtyping scheme, CU traits incrementally contributed to the prediction of various external correlates, beyond the total number of CD symptoms, childhood-onset CD, and ADHD symptoms. Importantly, GM and DI traits also significantly added to the prediction of etiologically (i.e., maternal parenting, empathy, and anxiety) and clinically (i.e., proactive aggression and substance use) relevant correlates beyond CU traits. In conclusion, this study suggests that GM and DI traits, just like CU traits, add to the classification of detained boys with CD and have validity for subtyping CD. Nevertheless, a systematic evaluation of the multispecifier model for CD and related concerns is needed before firm conclusions can be drawn about the utility of having additional specifiers for CD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

The evidence supporting the presence of individual brain structure correlates of the externalizing spectrum (EXT) is sparse and mixed. To date, large-sample studies of brain-EXT relations have mainly found null to very small effects by focusing exclusively on either EXT-related personality traits (e.g., Hyatt et al., 2022) or EXT-related disorders/symptoms (e.g., Mewton et al., 2022). In this preregistered study using IMAGEN data (N = 1,370), we investigated the structural brain correlates of EXT factors that comprise both personality (e.g., antagonism) and psychopathology constructs (e.g., conduct disorder) across levels of morphometric specificity. Brain morphometry was operationalized in terms of omnibus measures (e.g., total brain volume), subcortical volume, and Desikan atlas regions (N = 161 structural magnetic resonance imaging metrics). We operationalized our integrated personality-psychopathology EXT through exploratory factor analyses of EXT-related measures, which identified two dimensions-nonsubstance use and substance use-and one overarching EXT domain. The results were consistent with previous large-sample neuroscientific investigations of EXT: The vast majority of relations were null, and all effect sizes were very small (largest marginal R² < .02). Preregistered supplementary analyses indicated that all significant relations found were driven by total intracranial volume and sex of the participant and became nonsignificant following the inclusion of these covariates. We conclude with suggestions regarding the importance of relevant covariates and large samples in clinical neuroscientific investigations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Studies that focus on whether psychopathy statistically predicts reoffending are not informative of the process that connects the putative cause (psychopathy) to the expected outcome (offending). Understanding the causal mechanisms responsible for the relationship between psychopathy and offending has received minimal empirical attention even though fourth-generation risk assessment protocols and treatment strategies regularly require a specific focus on psychopathy. Theory can help guide an improved understanding of the causal mechanisms underlying the relationship between psychopathy and offending. Cumulative disadvantage theories anticipate that the relationship between psychopathy and reoffending is mediated by a person's social environment. Propensity theories anticipate that psychopathy is a common cause of both a person's negative social environment and reoffending. These two theoretical perspectives were compared using longitudinal data covering the transition from adolescence to adulthood among 490 male and female participants from the Incarcerated Serious and Violent Young Offender Study. Psychopathy was measured in adolescence using the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version. Social environment was measured in adulthood using an informal social control scale from the Community Risk Needs Assessment. Conviction frequency was measured over a 3-year period after the Community Risk Needs Assessment rating. Bias-corrected bootstrapped confidence intervals indicated that informal social control partially mediated the relationship between Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version scores and conviction frequency. The mediating effect was robust to unobserved confounders. Findings supported the philosophy of risk management and intervention strategies that target a person's social environment when aiming to reduce reoffending for persons with psychopathy traits. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).