Personality disorders最新文献

Loneliness has been linked with suicidal ideation (SI) in people with a borderline personality disorder (BPD) diagnosis. However, the temporal dynamics of this association remain unclear: we do not know whether loneliness amplifies SI within clinically relevant short-term timeframes (e.g., day to day). To fill this gap, we used data from a 21-day ambulatory assessment study of individuals diagnosed with BPD (N = 152, 103 with a history of attempted suicide) and preregistered the hypotheses and code of our analyses. We tested the hypotheses that daily loneliness would be associated with same- and next-day SI, and that, among individuals with a BPD diagnosis, more severe self-reported BPD features would strengthen these associations. In line with our hypotheses, we found a significant contemporaneous and lagged association between loneliness and SI. Contrary to our hypotheses, these links were not significantly amplified by the level of BPD features. Exploratory analyses further suggested that loneliness did not account for the within-person link between daily social interactions and SI, nor did more general personality disorder features alter loneliness-SI links. The links between loneliness and SI highlight a significant vulnerability to suicide risk and our findings suggest that self-reported BPD symptom severity among individuals with a BPD diagnosis may impact the early stages of the suicidal process by predisposing to loneliness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

This study aimed to assess measurement invariance for the Five-Factor Inventory for ICD-11 (Oltmanns & Widiger, 2020) across nine national samples from four continents (n = 6,342), and to validate a French translation in seven French-speaking national samples. All were convenience samples of adults. Exploratory factor analyses supported a four-factor structure in the French-speaking Western samples (Belgium, Canada, France, and Switzerland) while a three-factor structure was preferred in the French-speaking African samples (Burkina Faso and Togo), and no adequate structure was found in the Indian sample. Factor congruence with the original American sample was excellent for the Western samples but not for the non-Western samples. Exploratory bifactor analyses led to similar results, with the g-factor essentially reflecting one of the first-order factors observed in the exploratory factor analyses. Support for configural, metric, scalar (partial), and strict invariance was obtained across the six Western samples, as well as across the two African samples. Support for criterion validity of the Five-Factor Inventory for ICD-11 scales was also obtained, with relevant associations between scale scores and the presence of a mental health diagnosis and consulting a mental health professional, but validity was lower in the non-Western samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Emptiness is central to borderline personality disorder (BPD), significantly impacts quality of life, and is associated with increased impulsivity. Nevertheless, studies of emptiness in daily life are scarce and little is known about factors that may mitigate the emptiness-impulsivity association in BPD, such as mentalizing (Mz), the capacity to understand mental states. The current study examined whether emptiness predicts impulsive behaviors in daily life and whether this association is moderated by disorder or by Mz. The study utilized data from an existing data set (Berenson et al., 2011) of 153 participants (57 with a BPD diagnosis, 43 with avoidant personality disorder [APD], and 53 serving as healthy controls [HC]). Following a baseline lab assessment of Mz (Baron-Cohen et al., 2001), participants completed 3 weeks of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) with five daily prompts, including self-reported measures of emptiness and impulsivity. EMA data were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Both the BPD and APD groups reported higher levels of momentary emptiness compared to the HC group. The BPD group exhibited higher levels of impulsivity in daily life compared to the HC and APD groups. There were no group differences in Mz. Interestingly, emptiness significantly predicted impulsivity and was positively associated with impulsivity in both the BPD and HC groups but not in the APD group. Finally, Mz did not moderate the emptiness-impulsivity association. Emptiness seems central to impulsivity in daily life. More ecological and emptiness-specific measures of Mz may have better potential to mitigate the negative consequences of emptiness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

The proposed model of personality disorder in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th revision (ICD-11) comprises ratings of the severity of self and interpersonal impairment, pathological trait domains, and a borderline pattern specifier. The incremental validity of the different components of the model has primarily been studied in relation to symptoms, traits, and psychosocial functioning, whereas associations with cognitive- and identity-related factors have not yet been characterized. The present study investigated the unique associations of each component of the ICD-11 model with overgeneral autobiographical memory, which reflects aspects of identity integration and episodic memory retrieval. Female general psychiatric patients (n = 196) completed self-report measures of the ICD-11 model (Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0, Personality Inventory for ICD-11, and Borderline Pattern Scale) and the Autobiographical Memory Test. In bivariate analyses, overgeneral autobiographical memories were associated with more severe self and interpersonal impairment, higher pathological personality traits (except for lower Anankastia), and more severe borderline pattern scores. Hierarchical regressions indicated that both self and interpersonal impairments, pathological traits (especially negative affectivity), and maladaptive regulatory strategies (a component of the borderline pattern) were uniquely and incrementally associated with overgeneral memories. Overall, these findings reveal the personality disorder components that underlie overgeneral autobiographical memories within a transdiagnostic female psychiatric sample. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Investigations of the construct of emptiness often include vague, overlapping, and contradictory operationalizations that have impacted further theoretical and empirical understanding. This includes referring to emptiness as a static, trait-like phenomenon, without measurement of the individual instability that may exist in this experiential state. Furthermore, studies often restrict the examination of emptiness to those with borderline personality disorder, despite research supporting its relationship to other disorders and to personality functioning in general. The present study sought to explore emptiness at both its trait- and state-level determinants utilizing an experience sampling design in 120 community members. Specifically, this study investigated personality dysfunction in both interpersonal and self-domains, identity disturbance, and emotion dysregulation in predicting between-person mean and instability in emptiness, as well as within-person emptiness across a 14-day study period. Results supported strong relationships between within-person sadness and emptiness. Furthermore, mean-level emptiness was associated with both personality dysfunction and identity disturbance, while emptiness instability was additionally associated with emotion dysregulation. Implications for construct clarity are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct that is composed of positive, negative, and disorganized dimensions. Historically, disorganized schizotypy, which involves disruptions in thoughts, speech, behavior, and affect, has been relatively understudied and less clearly operationalized than the other dimensions. The present study employed experience sampling methodology to examine the associations of positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy, as measured by the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale, with daily life experiences. A total of 601 young adults were prompted eight times daily for 1 week to complete experience sampling methodology questionnaires that assessed affect, social functioning, schizotypic experiences, situation appraisals, and substance use in daily life, with an emphasis on disorganized schizotypic experiences and communication disruptions. As hypothesized, disorganized schizotypy was associated with momentary disorganization, negative affect, and stress over-and-above positive and negative schizotypy. Negative schizotypy was associated with diminished positive affect, poor social functioning, and diminished emotional clarity. Positive schizotypy was associated with momentary reports of strange or unusual thoughts, racing thoughts, and emotions and thoughts feeling out of control. All three schizotypy dimensions uniquely predicted communication difficulties. Cross-level interactions indicated disorganized schizotypy, but not positive or negative schizotypy, predicted stronger associations of simultaneous reports of doing something that requires focus and attention with negative affect and difficulty completing the current task. Overall, the present study expands our understanding of disorganized schizotypy's expression in daily life and builds upon previous findings by demonstrating the unique associations of positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy with daily life experiences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Positive schizotypy is thought to have important relationships with openness to experience (OE), but the nature of this relationship is still uncertain, as OE is a broad and multifaceted trait. There is also evidence that positive schizotypy forms a joint factor with some OE items, but the nature of this joint factor and its relationships with and distinctiveness from other OE facets such as absorption is unclear. This research (n = 1,016) assessed both positive schizotypy as well as a relatively broad range of OE facets. In item-level factor analyses, we again found a factor (labeled schizotypal thinking) that included items from both positive schizotypy and OE scales reflecting relatively common odd beliefs. The schizotypal thinking factor was distinct both from a factor that appeared closer to symptoms of psychosis as well as from absorption. The schizotypal thinking factor was also moderately to strongly associated with multiple OE factors (e.g., absorption, aesthetic appreciation, fantasy, and innovation); relative to other commonly identified OE facets such as intellect, schizotypal thinking also tended to be at least as strongly associated with the same number of other OE facets. Further, schizotypal thinking and its most related OE facets, but not intellect, tended to be associated with psychotic symptoms, dissociation, and both negative and positive urgency. Overall, our results further support and clarify differential associations between positive schizotypy and OE facets. Our results also suggest that the schizotypal thinking factor might be considered a distinct aspect of OE. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

This study tested the possibility that the four facets of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised/Screening Version (PCL-R/SV) serve as bipolar constructs in predicting future criminal justice outcomes. Organizing scores on the four facets (Interpersonal, Affective, Lifestyle, and Antisocial) into three categories-that is, lowest 25% of cases (best category), highest 25% of cases (worst category), and middle 50% of cases (intermediate category)-we tested bipolarity by crossing the three categories with a dichotomized crime/violence outcome and calculating both promotive (best category vs. worst + intermediate categories) and risk (worst category vs. best + intermediate categories) effects in six samples. Bipolarity was defined as the simultaneous presence of promotive (low scores predicting a good outcome) and risk (high scores predicting a poor outcome) effects for each PCL-R/SV facet in each sample. Odds ratios and the Cochrane-Armitage linear trend test revealed evidence of bipolarity in one of six samples for the Interpersonal facet, three of six samples for the Affective facet, five of six samples for the Lifestyle facet, and all six samples for the Antisocial facet. An item response theory analysis was then conducted, the results of which supported the facet-level findings from the odds ratio and Cochrane-Armitage analyses at the individual item level. These results provide modest (Affective facet) to moderately strong (Lifestyle and Antisocial facets) evidence of bipolarity in three of the four facets of the PCL-R/SV by showing that low scores are just as effective in predicting good criminal justice outcomes as high scores are in predicting poor criminal justice outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Individuals' psychopathic personality traits can have negative effects on the people around them. This research investigated whether the negativity of someone's psychopathic personality crosses over to their partner and then spills over into their partner's workplace. Using a nationally diverse community sample of 490 employed romantic couples from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses examined the associations among psychopathy facets (fearless dominance, self-centered impulsivity, and coldheartedness), relationship satisfaction, and professional success. Cross-sectional dyadic modeling indicated that an individual's coldheartedness was negatively associated with their partner's occupational prestige, although there was no evidence that partner's relationship satisfaction mediated this link. Furthermore, the associations between psychopathy and professional success at the individual level were partially mediated by a person's own relationship satisfaction. Longitudinal dyadic modeling suggested that an individual's self-centered impulsivity negatively predicted their partner's relationship satisfaction and positively predicted their partner's occupational prestige over time. Collectively, this research suggests that an individual's psychopathic traits may foster negativity in relationships that spills over into their own workplaces but do not cross and spill over to their partner's workplace. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychopathy is a longstanding construct of great clinical interest, marked by traits such as Callousness, manipulativeness, and impulsivity. The Elemental Psychopathy Assessment (EPA; Lynam et al., 2011) was developed to anchor the measurement of psychopathy within the five-factor model of personality. This preregistered study presents a meta-analytic review of the EPA's construct validity, examining its relations at the domain and total levels with other psychopathy measures, personality traits, and psychopathological outcomes. Drawing from 50 studies across 38 articles, over 3,500 effect sizes were analyzed. EPA Antagonism showed strong convergent validity with constructs like Triarchic Model of Psychopathy Meanness and Self-Report Psychopathy Scale-III Callous Affect, while EPA Disinhibition was closely linked to impulsivity-related traits such as Triarchic Model of Psychopathy Disinhibition and Self-Report Psychopathy Scale-III Erratic Lifestyle. EPA Narcissism was associated with interpersonal dominance and Manipulation, whereas EPA Emotional Stability generally showed positive relations with adaptive traits and outcomes. Antagonism and Disinhibition emerged as the core psychopathy traits, while the role of Emotional Stability remained uncertain due to its varied associations with maladaptive outcomes. Moderator analyses revealed differences across sample types and EPA versions. These findings offer meta-analytic support for the EPA's validity, highlighting the centrality of Antagonism and Disinhibition, and the complexity of Emotional Stability in the psychopathy construct. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).