Physical activity and nutrition最新文献

Purpose: To investigate the validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed for Japanese athletes (FFQJA) among junior high school students.

Methods: Sixty-four junior high school soccer players (13-15 years old) completed the FFQ and provided dietary records (DRs) for 3 nonconsecutive days (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day). Individual ranking estimates, crude Spearman's correlation coefficients, and energy-adjusted correlation coefficients were used to validate the FFQ. To evaluate the mean estimates, the differences and percentage differences between the results obtained from the DRs and FFQ were calculated. The consistency of intakes between the two methods and the validity of classification were evaluated.

Results: The median crude correlation coefficients between the questionnaire responses and DRs were 0.483 (range: 0.350-0.708) and 0.386 (range: 0.191-0.684) for nutrients and food groups, respectively. The median energy-adjusted correlation coefficients were 0.477 (range: 0.340-0.722) and 0.384 (range: -0.112 to 0.744), respectively. The median percentage differences were -7.2 and -17.6, respectively, and the median intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.469 and 0.214, respectively. Cross-classification analysis showed that the median kappa values were 0.350 and 0.275, respectively. The misclassification rate was 3% for nutrients and 6% for food groups.

Conclusion: The FFQ developed and validated for Japanese athletes was found to be valid for Japanese junior high school soccer players. Therefore, the FFQJA could be a suitable tool for ranking and categorizing individuals among Japanese junior high school athletes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of, and factors associated with, metabolic syndrome in older cancer survivors by comparing early-old (65-74 years) and late-old (≥75 years) groups using nationally representative data.

Methods: A cross-sectional secondary data analysis was performed. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with metabolic syndrome in each age group.

Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 41.7% in the early-old group and 43.7% in the late-old group. In both groups, a body mass index ≥25 kg/m² was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome. Adherence to aerobic physical activity and high sugar intake were inversely associated with metabolic syndrome in the early-old group, and moderate-intensity physical activity was inversely associated, and high household income was positively associated, with metabolic syndrome in the late-old group.

Conclusion: Risk factors for metabolic syndrome differ between early-old and late-old cancer survivors. Tailored health strategies that reflect subgroup characteristics are required to manage risks and improve survivorship care.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze the associations between walk ratio and the prevalence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia among older women in the community.

Methods: A total of 225 community-dwelling older women participated in the study. All participants underwent standardized assessments of body composition, anthropometry, and gait parameters. Based on walk ratio, which was calculated based on step length and cadence, participants were categorized into the lowest tertile, middle tertile, and highest tertile, corresponding to the lowest, middle, and highest 33%, respectively. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia were classified based on femoral neck bone mineral density and the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, respectively. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) for exposure to osteoporosis and sarcopenia across walk ratio levels.

Results: After adjusting for covariates, results showed that individuals in the lowest tertile had significantly higher odds of having osteoporosis (OR = 2.240, 95% CI = 1.031-4.866, p = .004) and sarcopenia (OR = 2.848, 95% CI = 1.271-6.383, p = .011) than those in the highest tertile (OR = 1, reference). Additionally, the odds of concurrent exposure to osteosarcopenia were significantly higher in the lowest tertile (OR = 5.902, 95% CI = 1.209-28.819, p = .028) compared to the highest tertile (OR = 1, reference).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that a low walk ratio is an independent risk factor for both osteoporosis and sarcopenia, and may serve as a predictive indicator capable of simultaneously identifying osteosarcopenia.

Purpose: Despite Facebook's widespread use in Arab countries, validated Arabic tools to assess the intensity of its use and related psychological and behavioral outcomes are lacking. This study aims to validate the Arabic version of the Multidimensional Facebook Intensity Scale (A-MFIS) and examine its associations with life satisfaction, happiness, and physical activity in a large Tunisian adult sample.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 1,068 adults. The survey included sociodemographic questions, the A-MFIS, the Arabic Satisfaction with Life Scale (ASWLS), the Arabic Scale of Happiness (ASH), and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The sample was randomly split into an exploratory group and a confirmatory group. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to assess the factorial structure, internal consistency, and construct validity of the A-MFIS.

Results: Analyses supported a second-order model with four factors and 13 items, showing acceptable model fit. The A-MFIS demonstrated strong internal consistency and construct validity. Significant negative correlations were found between Facebook intensity and life satisfaction, happiness, and physical activity levels.

Conclusion: The A-MFIS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing Facebook use intensity in Arabic-speaking contexts. It can facilitate future research, clinical assessments, and interventions aimed at improving digital well-being. Future studies should explore its applicability in other Arab cultures and longitudinal settings. This validated instrument provides researchers and practitioners in Arabic-speaking populations with a culturally appropriate tool to assess Facebook usage intensity, enabling future research and interventions on digital well-being.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the systemic metabolic and functional consequences of short-term hindlimb immobilization and to determine the role of rehabilitative exercise in facilitating recovery of muscle mass, function and whole-body energy metabolism.

Methods: Male ICR mice (n = 20) underwent 2 weeks of unilateral hindlimb immobilization, followed by 2 weeks of recovery with (n = 10) or without (n = 10) treadmill-based rehabilitative exercise. Whole-body energy metabolism (oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, respiratory exchange ratio, carbohydrate oxidation, fat oxidation, energy expenditure) was measured with body composition, grip strength, and gait analysis at three points: pre-immobilization, post-immobilization, and recovery.

Results: Immobilization induced significant reductions in body weight, lean mass, grip strength, and stride length, confirming rapid onset of immobilization-induced muscle atrophy. Paradoxically, despite the reduction in muscle mass and function, immobilization increased oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, fat oxidation, and energy expenditure, while reducing the respiratory exchange ratio. During recovery, exercise promoted lean mass restoration, increased grip strength and improved gait performance compared with passive recovery. Exercise also maintained carbohydrate utilization and energy expenditure, counteracting the decline observed in the passive recovery group.

Conclusion: Short-term immobilization induces both structural and functional impairments and maladaptive systemic metabolic alteration such as enhanced fat oxidation and increased energy cost due to potential inefficiency. In contrast, rehabilitative exercise effectively restores muscle mass and function and supports metabolic flexibility. These findings underscore the importance of early low-intensity exercise as a strategy to preserve muscular and metabolic health during recovery from muscle immobilization.

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of 12 weeks of nutrition education and combined exercise training on body composition, physical fitness, and lifestyle disease indicators in women with normal weight obesity (NWO).

Methods: Twenty-six women with NWO in their 30s (BMI 18.5-22.9 kg/m2, body fat ≥ 30%) were randomly assigned to either a diet education and exercise training group (DE+TR; n = 13) or a diet education only group (DE; n = 13). The DE+TR group performed 80 minutes of combined exercise (40 min aerobic + 40 min resistance) three days per week for 12 weeks with nutrition education. The DE group received nutrition education only. Body composition, physical fitness, and lifestyle disease indicators were measured pre- and post-intervention using two-way repeated measures ANOVA.

Results: Body fat mass and body fat percentage decreased significantly in both groups, while fat-free mass increased only in the DE+TR group (p < .05). Physical fitness parameters (grip strength, sit-ups, flexibility, standing long jump, VO2max) and all 1-RM tests improved significantly only in the DE+TR group. Lifestyle disease indicators improved significantly in the DE+TR group: hypertension markers (heart rate, systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, rate pressure product), diabetes markers (fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR), lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C), and atherosclerosis risk ratios all showed favorable changes (p < .05).

Conclusion: Twelve weeks of combined nutrition education and exercise training effectively improves body composition, physical fitness, and lifestyle disease indicators in women with NWO, providing more comprehensive health benefits than nutrition education alone. From a public health perspective, these findings support the implementation of combined exercise-nutrition programs in community health centers and workplace wellness programs for women identified with NWO.

Purpose: This study was conducted to provide basic data for nutritional strategies to enhance athletic performance in athletes with disabilities by analyzing their nutritional intake, sport-specific comparisons, and awareness of nutrition.

Methods: A total of 26 athletes (17 males, 9 females; average age = 40.67 years) participated in the study. All foods consumed over three days were recorded using the CANPRO program (version 6.0). Demographic characteristics, nutritional awareness, and perceived importance of nutrition were assessed through a Google Form questionnaire. Data were analyzed with SPSS (version 23.0) to compute means and standard deviations, with statistical significance set at p < .05. Participants included athletes from the following sports: badminton (n = 6), shooting (n = 1), swimming (n = 2), powerlifting (n = 6), judo (n = 1), athletics (n = 1), table tennis (n = 7), and wheelchair rugby (n = 2).

Results: The average daily energy intake was 2,096.03 kcal for male athletes and 1,680.57 kcal for female athletes, with no significant sex-based differences in caloric or nutrient intake. Among sports, wheelchair rugby players (n = 2) showed the highest average intake (2,524.49 kcal), followed by powerlifters (n = 6) at 2,323.9 kcal, and badminton players (n = 6) at 1,926.09 kcal, indicating that strength- or power-focused sports require higher energy consumption. All participants agreed that nutrition is closely linked to athletic performance, and about 73% believed it directly affects performance. Additionally, 88% recognized the need for professional nutritional education.

Conclusion: The results of the study can serve as foundational data to establish future nutritional strategies for athletes with disabilities.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the validity of the 5-minute running test (5RFT) as a field-based assessment of aerobic fitness by examining its correlation with maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) measured using the Bruce protocol.

Methods: Twenty-one healthy male participants majoring in physical education at S University completed both the 5RFT and a laboratory-based VO2max test using the Bruce protocol. During the 5RFT, oxygen consumption was measured using a portable metabolic gas analyzer (K5, COSMED, Italy). VO2max values from the 5RFT were compared with laboratory-based measurements to determine validity.

Results: The 5RFT showed a strong positive correlation with VO2max measured using the Bruce protocol (r = 0.675, p < 0.05). Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between the 5-minute oxygen consumption measured by K5 and the 5RFT (r = 0.621, p < 0.01). However, mean difference analysis indicated that the 5RFT estimation values were higher than both the K5 and Bruce protocol results (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The findings suggest that the 5-minute running test, in combination with portable metabolic gas analysis, is a valid and practical method for estimating aerobic fitness in field settings. While the 5RFT may overestimate VO2max values compared to laboratory testing, its strong correlations support its applicability as a convenient alternative assessment tool.

Purpose: Piceatannol, a polyphenolic compound found in high concentrations in passion fruit, has been reported to exert multiple physiological effects in preclinical studies, including vascular relaxation and increased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Despite these findings, its influence on endothelial function in humans, both at rest and in response to exercise, remains largely unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether a 7-day regimen of piceatannol supplementation alters endothelial function at rest and following low-intensity aerobic exercise.

Methods: Eight young, healthy men participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. Each participant completed two experimental conditions: (1) a placebo trial and (2) a piceatannol trial. For seven consecutive days, they ingested tablets containing either 0 mg (placebo) or 10 mg of piceatannol daily. On the morning of the eighth day (8:00 am), they visited the laboratory for baseline assessments, followed by 60 minutes of cycling exercise at 30% of their maximal oxygen uptake. Blood pressure and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were measured before and after exercise.

Results: No between-trial differences were observed in blood pressure at rest, during exercise, or after exercise. %FMD and absolute FMD likewise did not differ between the placebo and piceatannol trials. The observed effects were small (partial η² ≈ 0.05-0.06), and analysis of covariance adjusting for baseline diameter or shear rate area under the curve yielded consistent results.

Conclusion: Seven-day piceatannol supplementation did not enhance endothelial function at rest or after low-intensity aerobic exercise in young, healthy men.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a linear periodization training program combined with barbell-based landmine exercises on physical fitness factors related to performance enhancement in 18 female professional volleyball players.

Methods: The experiment was conducted over a 16-week linear periodization program, with participants assigned to either a Weight Training Group (WG, n = 9), which performed resistance training using weights, or a Weight plus Landmine Group (WLG, n = 9), which performed both resistance and landmine exercises. To evaluate improvements in physical fitness among elite athletes, measurements were taken for strength (deadlift, back squat), muscular endurance (sit-ups, pushup), and explosive power (countermovement jump). A paired t-test was performed to compare pre and post intervention results, and repeated two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the interaction effects between groups and time.

Results: The paired t-test results indicated that both groups showed significant improvements in deadlift, back squat, push-ups, countermovement jump (CMJ), and sit-ups. In particular, CMJ, which represents a volleyball-specific fitness component, showed significant between-group differences and group × time interaction effects in the landmine group.

Conclusion: Landmine exercises are considered effective for improving physical fitness in volleyball players, particularly by enhancing explosive power when incorporated into traditional linear periodization resistance training programs. These findings suggest that the application of landmine exercise programs in the field of sports may contribute to more effective improvements in athletic performance.