Physical activity and nutrition最新文献

Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop a predictive model to estimate the number of risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome based on physical activity and fitness in individuals with physical disabilities.

Methods: A total of 134 adults aged ≥ 30 years with severe physical disabilities diagnosed over 1 year were enrolled in this study. Standardized procedures were used to collect anthropometric data, blood samples, and physical fitness measurements. Participants were randomly assigned to the derivation (70%) and validation (30%) sets. The derivation set was subjected to a stepwise multiple regression analysis to develop a predictive equation. Criteria and cross-validity were assessed using Bland-Altman plots, and the model's ability to identify metabolic syndrome was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results: The final model included neck circumference, the number of medications, leisure-time physical activity, and muscular strength, with an R² value of 0.397 and a standard error of the estimate of 1.019. The predicted values closely match the measured values for both sets. ROC analysis indicated good to excellent classification performance (derivation set: area under the curve [AUC], 0.867; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.796-0.937; p < 0.001; validation set: AUC, 0.765; 95% CI, 0.617-0.913; p = 0.009).

Conclusion: A regression model based on physical activity and fitness could provide a simple, non-invasive approach to estimating the risk of metabolic syndrome in individuals with physical disabilities.

Purpose: We provided basic scientific data to help prevent and treat sarcopenia in young obese individuals by observing the effects of low-intensity endurance exercise and low-dose lithium treatment on skeletal muscle atrophy in rats with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity.

Methods: Six-week-old male Wistar rats were fed an HFD for 8 weeks to induce obesity. Next, rats were randomly assigned to four groups and treated with lithium or exercise for 8 weeks. Lithium (10 mg/kg lithium chloride [LiCl], gavage) or endurance exercise (17 m/min, 30 min/day) was performed once daily for 5 days per week. After the experiment, body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and tissues were extracted after anesthesia and analyzed.

Results: Endurance exercise or 8 weeks of lithium had no significant effect on the morphology of the liver and kidney tissues in rats. Although lithium and endurance exercises alone increased the lean body mass, the difference was not statistically significant. However, combined treatment with lithium and endurance exercise significantly increased the lean body mass. No significant difference was noted in the abdominal fat mass between the groups. Eight weeks of lithium or endurance exercise did not affect the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression in the skeletal muscles of obese rats. However, it significantly inhibited the FOXO1 signaling pathway, a muscle atrophy signal, and reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α.

Conclusion: A combination of low-intensity endurance exercise and low-dose lithium prevented muscle atrophy (wasting) by inhibiting the FOXO1 signaling pathway in skeletal muscles. Therefore, light walking and lithium supplementation in daily life are expected to prevent muscle atrophy in obese patients. However, it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions based on the results of this study alone and additional research is warranted.

Purpose: Circadian rhythms regulate key physiological and behavioral processes. Modern lifestyles, characterized by irregular schedules, artificial lighting, and late-night eating disrupt these rhythms, leading to metabolic and emotional health disturbances. Latenight eating misaligns the circadian clock, affecting neurotransmitter function, hormonal rhythms, and inflammatory pathways, thereby increasing the risk of mood disorders.

Methods: This review synthesizes findings from human and animal studies that examined the effects of late-night eating on circadian misalignment and emotional health. Studies were selected on the basis of the ir relevance to circadian disruption and mood regulation. This review categorizes the physiological mechanisms involved and evaluates dietary timing interventions, such as time-restricted eating (TRE), earlier meal timing, and meal regularity as potential strategies to mitigate these effects.

Results: Late-night eating delayed melatonin onset, elevated nocturnal cortisol levels, disrupted serotonin and dopamine rhythms, and increased systemic inflammation, contributing to emotional instability. Aligning mealtimes with the circadian rhythm improves sleep quality, neurotransmitter balance, and stress resilience. TRE and earlier meal timing show promise in mitigating these effects, although further research is needed to optimize the strategies for different chronotypes and metabolic profiles.

Conclusion: Circadian-aligned meal timing is a practical and noninvasive approach to mitigate the adverse effects of late-night eating on metabolic and emotional health. Future research should refine personalized chrononutrition interventions and assess their long-term effects on mood disorders. Implementing meal-timing strategies based on circadian science could serve as a crucial tool for improving public health and preventing diet-related emotional dysregulation.

Purpose: This study compared the effects of 10 weeks of combined exercises (passive stretching and lower extremity strength) and lumbar stabilization exercises on muscle stiffness, pain, and physical function in middle-aged women with back pain.

Methods: Thirty-five middle-aged women experiencing continuous back pain for at least 6 months who visited the hospital for treatment and diagnosis were recruited. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: a lumbar stabilization exercise group (LSEG, n = 18) and a combined exercise group (CEG, n = 17), which included passive stretching and lower extremity strength exercises.

Results: Significant improvements (p < 0.05) were noted in the right quadratus lumborum, left quadratus lumborum, right gluteus medius, left gluteus medius, and right and left hamstring muscles in both groups. However, there was no significant difference between the two interventions in terms of improvement in muscle stiffness. Both groups showed significant reduction in pain, as measured by the visual analog scale (P-VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores, with greater improvements observed in the CEG than in the LSEG. Regarding physical function, both groups showed significant enhancement (p < 0.05) in all parameters, and the enhancement via exercise intervention was greater in the CEG than in the LSEG.

Conclusion: Ten weeks of combined exercise intervention consisting of passive stretching, lower extremity strength exercises, and lumbar stabilization exercises showed positive results in improving muscle stiffness, P-VAS and ODI scores, and physical function.

Purpose: The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to reduce the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age by 50% before 2030. However, negligible global change has been observed in the prevalence of anemia; therefore, achieving the SDG target for anemia reduction by 2030 may be challenging. Athletes are particularly susceptible to anemia owing to their poor diet and intense physical activity, which can significantly impact endurance levels. This study aimed to determine the correlation between hematological status and endurance in Indian female athletes. The frequency of iron-rich food consumption and dietary iron intake by the athletes was also identified.

Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, 104 athletes aged 18-25, including 52 volleyball and 52 ball badminton players who were training in SRM institute of science and technology and Tamil Nadu physical education and sports university were assessed for hematological status using an automated hematological analyzer and endurance through Cooper's and plank tests. The results were statistically analyzed to compare the two groups of athletes and Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to study the correlation between hematological status and endurance. A food frequency questionnaire focusing on iron-rich foods and 24 h dietary recall was used to evaluate dietary iron intake.

Results: Approximately 53.8% of the total group of athletes were anemic. The study confirmed a positive correlation between hematological status and cardiorespiratory endurance among volleyball athletes (r = 0.36) and all athletes (r = 0.22). Volleyball athletes demonstrated better endurance than did ball badminton athletes (p < 0.001) and non-anemic athletes exhibited superior endurance performance compared with that of anemic athletes. The consumption of iron-rich foods of athletes was inadequate.

Conclusion: Athletes need to consume a varied and nutritious iron-rich diet to maintain their hematological status and improve endurance.

Purpose: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common joint condition in older adults that causes pain, disability, and reduced quality of life. Although there is no known cure for KOA, exercise therapy is strongly recommended as a primary non-drug treatment. This study aimed to assess the effect of combining proprioceptive training with physical therapy on pain, balance, and osteoarthritis symptom severity in patients with KOA.

Methods: A total of 34 patients with primary KOA (aged 50-65) were assigned to either intervention or control groups (n = 17 each). The intervention group received conventional physical therapy combined with proprioceptive training for 3 days a week for 8 weeks. The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and Modified Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire were administered before and after 8 weeks intervention.

Results: After the intervention, the TUG and TSK scores improved significantly more in the intervention group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Significant differences were also observed in Numerical Rating Scale and WOMAC scores (pain, stiffness, function, and total WOMAC scores).

Conclusion: The integration of proprioceptive training with physical therapy resulted in significant improvements in balance, reduced fall risk, and decreased movement-related fear after 8 weeks of intervention.

Purpose: We examined the effects of a 12-week combined treatment intervention consisting of whole-body electric muscle stimulation (WB-EMS) and lower-extremity strength exercise on body composition, blood lipid levels, knee pain, and functional ability of patients with obesity and knee pain.

Methods: Fourteen patients with obesity and knee pain were randomly assigned to a control group (CON; n = 7) that performed lower-extremity strength exercises and an experimental group (EXP; n = 7) that performed lower-extremity strength exercises combined with WB-EMS. All participants performed the exercise program three days a week for 12 weeks. The WBEMS current strength of the combined treatment was set to a subjective maximum endogenous strength level of 2,500-5000 Hz (medium frequency).

Results: The CON and EXP groups showed similar improvements in body composition, blood lipid levels, Kellgren-Lawrence grading system, and functional ability. However, the Kujala patellofemoral score and isokinetic peak power of the quadriceps femoris improved more in the EXP group than in the CON group.

Conclusion: The 12-week combined treatment intervention of WB-EMS and lower-extremity strength training applied in this study effectively improved pain and knee extension muscle strength in patients with obesity and knee pain.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between spinal posture and pain in female workers with pain complaints through posture analysis using video recordings, with the goal of establishing a foundation for corrective exercise programs.

Methods: The subjects of the study, female workers at Company H's call center, were divided into non-pain (n = 17), neck-shoulder pain (n = 17), and low back pain (n = 16) groups. The differences between groups and the relationship between angles were analyzed by measuring seven body angles related to posture, which were recorded via video of each participant in both sitting and standing positions.

Results: Significant differences were observed between the neck-shoulder pain and non-pain groups in the neck slope angle (sitting and standing), upper cervical angle (sitting), and thoracic spine angle (sitting and standing). Moreover, there were significant differences between the low back pain and non-pain groups in the neck slope and lumbar spine angles in the sitting position.

Conclusion: The neck slope angle is an important indicator of the relationship between spinal posture and pain. These findings suggest that corrective exercises targeting forward head posture may help alleviate both neck-shoulder and low back pain.

Purpose: Nutrition is an important part of sports activities. This study aimed to investigate the basic knowledge of nutrition of college students majoring in physical education and to identify the completion rates of subjects according to their desired occupation.

Methods: The study was conducted on 389 college students, aged above 20 years, in the Republic of Korea. The survey consisted of a total of 23 questions and was conducted through a 100% non-face-to-face online survey. The SPSS WIN 26.0 program was used for statistical analysis; statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results: According to the study results, only approximately 30% of respondents took nutrition classes at universities, and the completion rate was in the order: treatment and rehabilitation > education > players > others (p < 0.001). Further, less than 5% of respondents took nutrition classes at non-university institutions. Self-assessment of one's nutritional knowledge was also very low; however, many subjects perceived the necessity and importance of nutritional knowledge (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The study findings reveal that students recognize the importance and necessity of nutrition knowledge, but there is a lack of sufficient university education and suitable external institutions. The Korea Exercise Nutrition Expert Qualification Training course conducted by The Korean Society Exercise Nutrition, started in 2023, is a good opportunity to deliver the necessary nutritional knowledge to students and physical education majors.

Purpose: We hypothesized that an 8-week combined exercise program that includes lumbar stabilization and lower extremity strength exercises would be more effective than lumbar stabilization exercises alone in improving muscle stiffness, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, radiographic findings, and physical function in middle-aged women with low back pain.

Methods: Twenty middle-aged women with low back pain were randomly assigned to either the combined exercise group (CEG) or lumbar stabilization exercise group (LSEG). The lumbar stabilization exercises consisted of a 10-minute warm-up, 30-minute main exercise, and cool-down with an OMNI scale intensity of 6-8 for 3 days/week. All variables were measured before and after intervention.

Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in muscle stiffness, VAS scores, and lumbar lordosis angle, with the CEG showing greater improvements than the LSEG. Radiographic measurements of the sacral ala and ilium shadows decreased significantly only in the CEG. Physical function tests including gait speed, balance, chair stand, and sit-and-reach tests also improved significantly in both groups, with the CEG showing more pronounced results than the LSEG.

Conclusion: The 8-week combined exercise program demonstrated promising results, indicating its potential for managing low back pain in middle-aged women.