Pub Date : 2019-01-25DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555841
Hussein Al-Nasrawi
Many chemical compounds in nature which discharged by human activities like oil spills and hydrocarbons, contain a toxic metal which consider a hazardous material against environment [1]. The nature is a huge ecological niche to fungi and bacteria which play an important role as decomposers of dead materials and converts organic matters into carbon dioxide and mineral molecules. Microorganisms have evolved a high degree of metabolic versatility that allows them to use a diverse range of organic substrates and large molecules from different complex chemicals present in nature such as hydrocarbons via activity of fungi which needs carbon source for their metabolic pathways in glycolysis process to produce primary and secondary metabolites.
{"title":"Role of Fungi in Bioremediation","authors":"Hussein Al-Nasrawi","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555841","url":null,"abstract":"Many chemical compounds in nature which discharged by human activities like oil spills and hydrocarbons, contain a toxic metal which consider a hazardous material against environment [1]. The nature is a huge ecological niche to fungi and bacteria which play an important role as decomposers of dead materials and converts organic matters into carbon dioxide and mineral molecules. Microorganisms have evolved a high degree of metabolic versatility that allows them to use a diverse range of organic substrates and large molecules from different complex chemicals present in nature such as hydrocarbons via activity of fungi which needs carbon source for their metabolic pathways in glycolysis process to produce primary and secondary metabolites.","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82898291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-22DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555837
K. Pb
Bacteria encounter different changing environments but resist the environmental changes by developing an array of mechanisms which protect them from adverse conditions. During cold conditions, fluidity of cell membranes decreases, and this results in lowering of active transport and protein secretion [1]. Further, all the molecular mechanisms gets impaired due to stabilization of secondary structures of DNA, RNA, and proteins [2]. RNA binding proteins (RNA chaperones) are ubiquitous and found in all living organisms and help to resolve the misfolded RNA structures under abiotic stress conditions. During rapid drop in temperatures, cold-induced proteins (Cips) are produced to protect the cells. With an increase in the cold conditions, the production of Cips also increases [3]. Different types of Cips like cold shock protein (Csp) family, RNA helicase csdA, exoribonucleases, PNPase and RNaseR, initiation factors 2a and 2b, NusA, and RecA [4-7] have been identified in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The Csps are one of the major Cips produced under cold conditions mainly in bacteria [4,8].
{"title":"Bacterial Cold Shock Proteins - the Molecular Chaperones for Multiple Stress Tolerance","authors":"K. Pb","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555837","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteria encounter different changing environments but resist the environmental changes by developing an array of mechanisms which protect them from adverse conditions. During cold conditions, fluidity of cell membranes decreases, and this results in lowering of active transport and protein secretion [1]. Further, all the molecular mechanisms gets impaired due to stabilization of secondary structures of DNA, RNA, and proteins [2]. RNA binding proteins (RNA chaperones) are ubiquitous and found in all living organisms and help to resolve the misfolded RNA structures under abiotic stress conditions. During rapid drop in temperatures, cold-induced proteins (Cips) are produced to protect the cells. With an increase in the cold conditions, the production of Cips also increases [3]. Different types of Cips like cold shock protein (Csp) family, RNA helicase csdA, exoribonucleases, PNPase and RNaseR, initiation factors 2a and 2b, NusA, and RecA [4-7] have been identified in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The Csps are one of the major Cips produced under cold conditions mainly in bacteria [4,8].","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81003920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-22DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555838
Q ShaguftaIshteya
{"title":"Physical Properties and Biodegradable Study of Metalized and Non-Metalized Polypropylene (PP) Films: A Comparative Research","authors":"Q ShaguftaIshteya","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555838","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73538121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-22DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555836
S. Khare
Globally presence of Microplastics (MPs) in the environment is identified as one of the major environmental threat. MPs are small plastic fragments (0.001-5 mm) and are ubiquitous in the environment especially in the marine and freshwater ecosystems. Majorly, they originate as a degradation products of larger plastic materials, or directly originate from personnel care products and synthetic fabrics. Smaller size of MPs results in their ingestion by a wide range of aquatic organisms ranging from zooplankton to fish, implying the potential for microplastics to accumulate in the marine food web. In this way, microplastics can potentially impact food safety and human health also. Recently presence of MPs in drinking water and table salt has sought the attention of worldwide researchers. In addition to that, hydrophobic nature of MPs also makes them as an active site for sorption of number of toxic persistent organic and inorganic contaminants and this too imparts toxicity to them. However, still our understanding with respect to ecological impact of MPs on the terrestrial environment is limited. There is also a need for comprehensive evaluation and assessment of MPs in different environmental systems in order to obtain a complete scenario of the extent of pollution. Toxicity evaluation of the same also needs to be assessed depthly. In the present review a brief overview of microplastic pollution, its toxicity assessment along with major challenges and mitigation options are discussed.
{"title":"Microplastic Pollution: An Overview of Current Scenario, Challenges, and Research Gaps","authors":"S. Khare","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555836","url":null,"abstract":"Globally presence of Microplastics (MPs) in the environment is identified as one of the major environmental threat. MPs are small plastic fragments (0.001-5 mm) and are ubiquitous in the environment especially in the marine and freshwater ecosystems. Majorly, they originate as a degradation products of larger plastic materials, or directly originate from personnel care products and synthetic fabrics. Smaller size of MPs results in their ingestion by a wide range of aquatic organisms ranging from zooplankton to fish, implying the potential for microplastics to accumulate in the marine food web. In this way, microplastics can potentially impact food safety and human health also. Recently presence of MPs in drinking water and table salt has sought the attention of worldwide researchers. In addition to that, hydrophobic nature of MPs also makes them as an active site for sorption of number of toxic persistent organic and inorganic contaminants and this too imparts toxicity to them. However, still our understanding with respect to ecological impact of MPs on the terrestrial environment is limited. There is also a need for comprehensive evaluation and assessment of MPs in different environmental systems in order to obtain a complete scenario of the extent of pollution. Toxicity evaluation of the same also needs to be assessed depthly. In the present review a brief overview of microplastic pollution, its toxicity assessment along with major challenges and mitigation options are discussed.","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80110551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-11DOI: 10.19080/aibm.2019.12.555834
R. Rahman
Serine proteases from the Bacillus species extensively applied in the biotechnological application [1,2] such as detergent, leather and food industries, frequently under non-physiological conditions. New proteases with improved performance at extreme temperatures and in the presence of chemical additives may have great economic potential. The increasing availability of genetic sequences from completely different environments makes homology-based screening an attractive strategy for the discovery of new proteases [3]. So far, the broad investigation on proteases gave the basic understanding of their catalytic mechanism and their structure-function. Computational structure analysis and homology modeling can be a key process for the 3D structure reconstruction which facilitates the protein-protein interaction research. Protein crystal is the basic necessity to obtain the 3D structure [4].
{"title":"An in-Silico Approach to Understanding the Structure-Function: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of Rand Serine Protease Properties from Bacillus Subtilis in Aqueous Solvents","authors":"R. Rahman","doi":"10.19080/aibm.2019.12.555834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/aibm.2019.12.555834","url":null,"abstract":"Serine proteases from the Bacillus species extensively applied in the biotechnological application [1,2] such as detergent, leather and food industries, frequently under non-physiological conditions. New proteases with improved performance at extreme temperatures and in the presence of chemical additives may have great economic potential. The increasing availability of genetic sequences from completely different environments makes homology-based screening an attractive strategy for the discovery of new proteases [3]. So far, the broad investigation on proteases gave the basic understanding of their catalytic mechanism and their structure-function. Computational structure analysis and homology modeling can be a key process for the 3D structure reconstruction which facilitates the protein-protein interaction research. Protein crystal is the basic necessity to obtain the 3D structure [4].","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74862054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-11DOI: 10.19080/aibm.2019.12.555835
A. R. Choudhury
{"title":"Degradation of Phenol, an Innovative Biological Approach","authors":"A. R. Choudhury","doi":"10.19080/aibm.2019.12.555835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/aibm.2019.12.555835","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74407145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-11DOI: 10.19080/aibm.2019.12.555832
E. Nabti
{"title":"A New Osmotolerant Plant Growth Promoting Bacillus Sp1 and Sp2 with Potential Antifungal Activity and Their Utilization of Ulva Lactuca as Natural Osmoprotectant","authors":"E. Nabti","doi":"10.19080/aibm.2019.12.555832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/aibm.2019.12.555832","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78096335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-11DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555833
Kan Liu
Genomes and interactions among gene products with other molecules are the physical fundamentals of biological systems. This is especially true for research in plants, which usually have complicated genomes and many important traits like yield, plant height, and stress tolerance are quantitative. Many quantitative traits are usually controlled by more than one Quantitative expression Loci (QTL) through the regulation of gene expression. The expression of a gene could be associated with a genetic variant far away from it, which is called trans-eQTL (expression QTL) or be affected by a local variant, which is named cis-eQTL. With a widespread existence throughout the plant genome, cis-acting genetic variants have been proven to account for a larger proportion of variation in gene expression. However, it is challenging for identifying cis-eQTL in the population with sequencing data because the power of eQTL mapping is either constrained by sample size or reduced by confounding factors. For organisms with a diploid genome, the information of AlleleSpecific Expression (ASE) which could provide more direct evidence of cis-eQTL is often ignored or discarded due to the unavailability of haplotype information and mapping bias.
{"title":"Allele-specific genomic variations and transcriptomic research on quantitative phenotyping in plants","authors":"Kan Liu","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555833","url":null,"abstract":"Genomes and interactions among gene products with other molecules are the physical fundamentals of biological systems. This is especially true for research in plants, which usually have complicated genomes and many important traits like yield, plant height, and stress tolerance are quantitative. Many quantitative traits are usually controlled by more than one Quantitative expression Loci (QTL) through the regulation of gene expression. The expression of a gene could be associated with a genetic variant far away from it, which is called trans-eQTL (expression QTL) or be affected by a local variant, which is named cis-eQTL. With a widespread existence throughout the plant genome, cis-acting genetic variants have been proven to account for a larger proportion of variation in gene expression. However, it is challenging for identifying cis-eQTL in the population with sequencing data because the power of eQTL mapping is either constrained by sample size or reduced by confounding factors. For organisms with a diploid genome, the information of AlleleSpecific Expression (ASE) which could provide more direct evidence of cis-eQTL is often ignored or discarded due to the unavailability of haplotype information and mapping bias.","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"227 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72829768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-03DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555830
S. Raza
Selenium is an element of great interest due to its nutritional importance for humans and animals. Selenium undergoes biotic transformation like oxidation, dissimulator and assimilatory reduction, alkylation and de-alkylation, also due to which “cocktail” of various selenium specie is present in environment, posing a big challenge to Se specie analysis. In current study, we isolated bacterial strain, Bacillus licheniformis, Exiguobacterium sp., Bacillus subtilis, that convert (SeO 3 ) -2 (toxic) to elemental (reduced and less toxic) selenium. Different physical parameters were checked experimentally to increase Se reduction like pH, temperature, selenite concentration, incubation time, aeration. Se reduction increased with increased pH, Maximum reduction, 31 to 90% was check at pH 9 and different strain have different ranges of temperature, optimum temperature 37 °C and 44 °C was noted for selenium reduction. Microbes can reduce selenium in aerobic as well as anaerobic condition and reduction decrease with the increase in incubation time.
{"title":"Biotransformation of Selenite to Red Elemental Selenium","authors":"S. Raza","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555830","url":null,"abstract":"Selenium is an element of great interest due to its nutritional importance for humans and animals. Selenium undergoes biotic transformation like oxidation, dissimulator and assimilatory reduction, alkylation and de-alkylation, also due to which “cocktail” of various selenium specie is present in environment, posing a big challenge to Se specie analysis. In current study, we isolated bacterial strain, Bacillus licheniformis, Exiguobacterium sp., Bacillus subtilis, that convert (SeO 3 ) -2 (toxic) to elemental (reduced and less toxic) selenium. Different physical parameters were checked experimentally to increase Se reduction like pH, temperature, selenite concentration, incubation time, aeration. Se reduction increased with increased pH, Maximum reduction, 31 to 90% was check at pH 9 and different strain have different ranges of temperature, optimum temperature 37 °C and 44 °C was noted for selenium reduction. Microbes can reduce selenium in aerobic as well as anaerobic condition and reduction decrease with the increase in incubation time.","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83029941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-03DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555831
Mohammad Lateef Ganaie
{"title":"Evaluation of serum proteins in relation with parasitic infections","authors":"Mohammad Lateef Ganaie","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555831","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90763111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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