Pub Date : 2018-08-21DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555782
Nichanun Kernasa
Sugarcane stem boring grub; Dorysthenes buqueti Guerin (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) recently become a serious insect pest of sugarcane. The severe injury by D. buqueti has been extended to sugarcane growing areas i.e.; East and Northeastern region of Thailand -. It can cause more than 70% yield loss in the outbreak areas. This insect pest attack sugarcane plant by the larval instar bores into the ratoon or the base of stalk and feed sugarcane tissue inside; which results the whole plant turned brown and die. Moreover; it can attack cassava stem and tuber that found in Kanchanaburi province. The concern of extensive insecticide application has been enforced explorations of natural enemies to control D. buqueti. Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin is a soil borne entomopathogenic fungus had been reported to exploiting to control D. buqueti in sugarcane fields. Metarhizium spp. are always designated as soil saprophytes that were observed in associations with plant roots in the rhizosphere stage and survive well in that environment over the longtime [1]. The Green Abstract
{"title":"Geographical Distribution of Sugarcane Longhorn Stem Borer, Dorysthenes buqueti Guerin (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Virulence Bioassay of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin Isolates","authors":"Nichanun Kernasa","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555782","url":null,"abstract":"Sugarcane stem boring grub; Dorysthenes buqueti Guerin (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) recently become a serious insect pest of sugarcane. The severe injury by D. buqueti has been extended to sugarcane growing areas i.e.; East and Northeastern region of Thailand -. It can cause more than 70% yield loss in the outbreak areas. This insect pest attack sugarcane plant by the larval instar bores into the ratoon or the base of stalk and feed sugarcane tissue inside; which results the whole plant turned brown and die. Moreover; it can attack cassava stem and tuber that found in Kanchanaburi province. The concern of extensive insecticide application has been enforced explorations of natural enemies to control D. buqueti. Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin is a soil borne entomopathogenic fungus had been reported to exploiting to control D. buqueti in sugarcane fields. Metarhizium spp. are always designated as soil saprophytes that were observed in associations with plant roots in the rhizosphere stage and survive well in that environment over the longtime [1]. The Green Abstract","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76157341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-16DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555781
T. Belete
{"title":"Facts File (Extended) of Pune University Pharmaceutical Institutions Privately Manage Shares Misleading Story. Towards the View of Culturally Determined Agency","authors":"T. Belete","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555781","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81553872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-15DOI: 10.19080/aibm.2018.10.555780
T. Belete
Crops improvement depends on the availability of gene for better agronomic traits, disease resistance, earliness and high yield [1]. For this, characterization of genetic variability of a population is required since genetic variation within population and between species determines the rate of adaptive evolution and response to traditional crop improvement [2]. Genetic diversity is a raw material for evolution, thus enabling populations of species to survive, evolve and adapt to resist longterm changes in the environment. This is very important in the plant breeding strategies for developing high yielding varieties and for maintaining the productivity of such varieties through introduction of genes for resistance to disease, insect pests and other abiotic factor [3]. Genetic diversity of domestic species allows people to act as agents of selection and develop different forms of the same species for a variety of purposes, including enabling the producers to grow the same species in different environments, each with a different requirement of climate, pathogens, predators, competitors etc [2]. Differences within and between plants can be a strategic value to conservation as they provide a clear justification for protecting a species across its entire geographic range and all the subspecies of major populations.
{"title":"The Role of Conventional and Molecular Techniques for Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) Improvement","authors":"T. Belete","doi":"10.19080/aibm.2018.10.555780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/aibm.2018.10.555780","url":null,"abstract":"Crops improvement depends on the availability of gene for better agronomic traits, disease resistance, earliness and high yield [1]. For this, characterization of genetic variability of a population is required since genetic variation within population and between species determines the rate of adaptive evolution and response to traditional crop improvement [2]. Genetic diversity is a raw material for evolution, thus enabling populations of species to survive, evolve and adapt to resist longterm changes in the environment. This is very important in the plant breeding strategies for developing high yielding varieties and for maintaining the productivity of such varieties through introduction of genes for resistance to disease, insect pests and other abiotic factor [3]. Genetic diversity of domestic species allows people to act as agents of selection and develop different forms of the same species for a variety of purposes, including enabling the producers to grow the same species in different environments, each with a different requirement of climate, pathogens, predators, competitors etc [2]. Differences within and between plants can be a strategic value to conservation as they provide a clear justification for protecting a species across its entire geographic range and all the subspecies of major populations.","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72641334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-13DOI: 10.19080/aibm.2018.10.555779
Maldonado-Bonilla Luis David
{"title":"Secreted in Xylem (Six) Genes in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubenseand Their Potential Acquisition by Horizontal Transfer","authors":"Maldonado-Bonilla Luis David","doi":"10.19080/aibm.2018.10.555779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/aibm.2018.10.555779","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81049735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-10DOI: 10.19080/aibm.2018.10.555778
F. Khatoon
The use of Genome Wide Association Studies for detecting many diseases of forensic interest and traits for sex distributions are due to sex associated variations in prevalence [1]. The sex and ancestry related data and genetic information are important components for Quantity Check (QC) in GWAS and can be implemented in practice to remove misidentifications of samples and stratifications in population samples. The approach to identify the mis-identification in processes where strong associations are detected between genotype and phenotype characteristics can be inferred if the observed phenotype is expected to be caused by the observed genotype for every subject within the study[2].
{"title":"Human Genetic Association Studies: association between of Human genome with Clinical outcome","authors":"F. Khatoon","doi":"10.19080/aibm.2018.10.555778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/aibm.2018.10.555778","url":null,"abstract":"The use of Genome Wide Association Studies for detecting many diseases of forensic interest and traits for sex distributions are due to sex associated variations in prevalence [1]. The sex and ancestry related data and genetic information are important components for Quantity Check (QC) in GWAS and can be implemented in practice to remove misidentifications of samples and stratifications in population samples. The approach to identify the mis-identification in processes where strong associations are detected between genotype and phenotype characteristics can be inferred if the observed phenotype is expected to be caused by the observed genotype for every subject within the study[2].","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74708897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-07DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555776
Waqas Liaqat
{"title":"Biofertilizers with Organic Manures: A Better Strategy for Sustainable Productivity","authors":"Waqas Liaqat","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555776","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77850603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-07DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555777
C. Ortiz
Over the past 30 years, the importance of antifungal drugs to the practice of modern medicine has increased dramatically. Antifungal drugs used for therapy of fungal diseases can lead to antifungal resistance. Based on a study conducted by National Institute of Health, in the United States during 1980-1997, mortality rates due to invasive mycoses have been increased by 3.2 fold [1,2]. In addition, high both mortality and morbidity caused by poor diagnosis, emergence of drug-resistance and lack of effective antifungal therapy are commonly produced [2]. Nevertheless, antifungal resistance has been described for all virtually antifungal agents in several pathogens, including Candida and Aspergillus species. Additionally, azole resistance in A. fumigatus is widespread with high geographic variance since the first report of itraconazole resistance in 1997 [3]. Moreover, Candida genera exhibit resistance against almost all antifungals available, especially against Fluconazole [4-7]. For instance, C. lusitaniae and C. guillermondii are intrinsically resistant to amphotericin B [8], while other ones such as C. glabrata or C. parapsilosis are more resistant to echinocandins [3,9]. More alarming are the recent global epidemics of C. auris, which displays high resistance to all classes of antifungal drugs, eliminating effective therapeutic options [10,11]. Similarly, resistance in molds against antifungals available in the market has been demonstrated by Aspergillus fumigatus and other Aspergillus species, and even genera as Scedosporium and Fusarium [12]. For example, A. flavus and A. terreus are able to tolerate higher concentrations of amphotericin B compared to other Aspergillus species, due to different response to oxidative stress [13,14].
在过去的30年里，抗真菌药物对现代医学实践的重要性急剧增加。用于治疗真菌疾病的抗真菌药物可导致抗真菌耐药性。根据美国国立卫生研究院(National Institute of Health)在1980-1997年间进行的一项研究，侵袭性真菌病造成的死亡率增加了3.2倍[1,2]。此外，由于诊断不准确、出现耐药性以及缺乏有效的抗真菌治疗，通常会导致较高的死亡率和发病率[2]。然而，抗真菌耐药性已被描述为几种病原体中所有实际上的抗真菌剂，包括念珠菌和曲霉种。此外，自1997年首次报道伊曲康唑耐药性以来，烟曲霉对唑的耐药性广泛存在，地域差异很大[3]。此外，念珠菌属对几乎所有可用的抗真菌药物都表现出耐药性，尤其是对氟康唑[4-7]。例如，C. lusitaniae和C. guillermondii对两性霉素B具有内在抗性[8]，而C. glabrata或C. parapsilosis对棘白菌素的抗性更强[3,9]。更令人担忧的是，最近全球流行的金黄色葡萄球菌(C. auris)对所有种类的抗真菌药物都表现出高度耐药性，从而使有效的治疗选择消失[10,11]。同样，霉菌对市场上销售的抗真菌药物也具有耐药性，这已被烟曲霉和其他曲霉种，甚至是镰孢曲霉属所证实[12]。例如，A. flavus和A. terreus由于对氧化应激的反应不同，与其他曲霉种类相比，它们能够耐受更高浓度的两性霉素B[13,14]。
{"title":"Antifungal Resistance and its Evolution: An Increasing Concern","authors":"C. Ortiz","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555777","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past 30 years, the importance of antifungal drugs to the practice of modern medicine has increased dramatically. Antifungal drugs used for therapy of fungal diseases can lead to antifungal resistance. Based on a study conducted by National Institute of Health, in the United States during 1980-1997, mortality rates due to invasive mycoses have been increased by 3.2 fold [1,2]. In addition, high both mortality and morbidity caused by poor diagnosis, emergence of drug-resistance and lack of effective antifungal therapy are commonly produced [2]. Nevertheless, antifungal resistance has been described for all virtually antifungal agents in several pathogens, including Candida and Aspergillus species. Additionally, azole resistance in A. fumigatus is widespread with high geographic variance since the first report of itraconazole resistance in 1997 [3]. Moreover, Candida genera exhibit resistance against almost all antifungals available, especially against Fluconazole [4-7]. For instance, C. lusitaniae and C. guillermondii are intrinsically resistant to amphotericin B [8], while other ones such as C. glabrata or C. parapsilosis are more resistant to echinocandins [3,9]. More alarming are the recent global epidemics of C. auris, which displays high resistance to all classes of antifungal drugs, eliminating effective therapeutic options [10,11]. Similarly, resistance in molds against antifungals available in the market has been demonstrated by Aspergillus fumigatus and other Aspergillus species, and even genera as Scedosporium and Fusarium [12]. For example, A. flavus and A. terreus are able to tolerate higher concentrations of amphotericin B compared to other Aspergillus species, due to different response to oxidative stress [13,14].","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78115405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-02DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2018.09.555773
S. S. Zhou
Poliovirus is a clinically relevant enterovirus from the Picornaviridae family of non-enveloped viruses. Prior to the introduction of inactivated and attenuated poliovirus vaccines in the 1950’s, the virus caused considerable global panic from 1890 onward [1]. Although the majority of poliovirus infections result in an abortive flu-like prodrome or are asymptomatic, in ~5% of infections, a meningitic phase with varying degrees of flaccid paralytic outcome follow the prodrome [2]. Enteroviruses, including polioviruses, are viruses which are transmitted through the oral/fecal route. As implied by this, oral secretions and fecal excretions from infected individuals are capable of infecting new hosts via the gastrointestinal tract of a noninfected individual. Interruption of the cycle of infection and reinfection of enteroviruses may be facilitated by disinfection interventions that are capable of inactivating the virus. In order to be of practical use, such disinfectants should cause a significant reduction in pathogen load on environmental surfaces (fomites) under ambient conditions following a relatively short contact time. Non-enveloped viruses are not susceptible to detergents or lipid solvents, and other types of chemical disinfectants must be used. For preparation of the inactivated (Salk) poliomyelitis vaccines of the 1950’s, poliovirus was inactivated with formaldehyde. Incomplete inactivation of vaccine poliovirus leading to iatrogenic poliomyelitis in ~200 individuals was attributed to the presence of viral aggregates or of an excess of foreign protein in the inactivation solutions [1]. In particular, the presence of cell debris in the vaccine pools due to inadequate purification prevented suitable exposure of the viral particles to formaldehyde, resulting in incomplete inactivation [3,4]. Protection, by viral aggregation or by sequestering in a protein matrix, of viruses from exposure to disinfectant active agents is suggested by this unfortunate case of inactivation failure. The presence of organic load at the time of deposition of a virus onto a fomite is therefore an important factor that must be considered when assessing viral inactivation efficacy.
{"title":"Inactivation and Disinfection of Poliovirus Type 1 on Nonporous Carriers","authors":"S. S. Zhou","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2018.09.555773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2018.09.555773","url":null,"abstract":"Poliovirus is a clinically relevant enterovirus from the Picornaviridae family of non-enveloped viruses. Prior to the introduction of inactivated and attenuated poliovirus vaccines in the 1950’s, the virus caused considerable global panic from 1890 onward [1]. Although the majority of poliovirus infections result in an abortive flu-like prodrome or are asymptomatic, in ~5% of infections, a meningitic phase with varying degrees of flaccid paralytic outcome follow the prodrome [2]. Enteroviruses, including polioviruses, are viruses which are transmitted through the oral/fecal route. As implied by this, oral secretions and fecal excretions from infected individuals are capable of infecting new hosts via the gastrointestinal tract of a noninfected individual. Interruption of the cycle of infection and reinfection of enteroviruses may be facilitated by disinfection interventions that are capable of inactivating the virus. In order to be of practical use, such disinfectants should cause a significant reduction in pathogen load on environmental surfaces (fomites) under ambient conditions following a relatively short contact time. Non-enveloped viruses are not susceptible to detergents or lipid solvents, and other types of chemical disinfectants must be used. For preparation of the inactivated (Salk) poliomyelitis vaccines of the 1950’s, poliovirus was inactivated with formaldehyde. Incomplete inactivation of vaccine poliovirus leading to iatrogenic poliomyelitis in ~200 individuals was attributed to the presence of viral aggregates or of an excess of foreign protein in the inactivation solutions [1]. In particular, the presence of cell debris in the vaccine pools due to inadequate purification prevented suitable exposure of the viral particles to formaldehyde, resulting in incomplete inactivation [3,4]. Protection, by viral aggregation or by sequestering in a protein matrix, of viruses from exposure to disinfectant active agents is suggested by this unfortunate case of inactivation failure. The presence of organic load at the time of deposition of a virus onto a fomite is therefore an important factor that must be considered when assessing viral inactivation efficacy.","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91190000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：