Pub Date : 2018-08-31DOI: 10.19080/aibm.2018.10.555793
Shreya A. Patel
Rumen is first chamber of the gastrointestinal track of ruminant where digestion of the plant fibres is taken place and solids are absorbed followed by reticulum site for waste removal. After reticulum, omasum and abomasum are like other nonruminants followed by small intestine. After a long time period from the first exposure to rumen, researchers started taking interest in rumen protozoa. After 1920, significant studies were started in identification, morphology and functions of rumen protozoa [1]. In addition to that it was observed that presence and absence of particular rumen protozoa affect factors like pH, ammonia concentration and also type and number of bacteria and these all factors affect digestion in ruminants [2]. Active participation of ciliate protozoa in digestion process of ruminants was earlier suggested by Tier and Hungate and Coleman et al., [3] and then was proven earlier by in vivo and in vitro studies [4-6] and also further supported till date by various studies relating to that [7-9].
{"title":"Role of Rumen Protozoa: Metabolic and Fibrolytic","authors":"Shreya A. Patel","doi":"10.19080/aibm.2018.10.555793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/aibm.2018.10.555793","url":null,"abstract":"Rumen is first chamber of the gastrointestinal track of ruminant where digestion of the plant fibres is taken place and solids are absorbed followed by reticulum site for waste removal. After reticulum, omasum and abomasum are like other nonruminants followed by small intestine. After a long time period from the first exposure to rumen, researchers started taking interest in rumen protozoa. After 1920, significant studies were started in identification, morphology and functions of rumen protozoa [1]. In addition to that it was observed that presence and absence of particular rumen protozoa affect factors like pH, ammonia concentration and also type and number of bacteria and these all factors affect digestion in ruminants [2]. Active participation of ciliate protozoa in digestion process of ruminants was earlier suggested by Tier and Hungate and Coleman et al., [3] and then was proven earlier by in vivo and in vitro studies [4-6] and also further supported till date by various studies relating to that [7-9].","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78393744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-31DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555792
D. Chandra
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder which leads to many serious secondary complications like retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular complication, delayed wound healing etc. Diabetics are more prone to infection due to compromised immunity. Hyperglycaemia leads to oxidative and osmotic stress. This short communication is the preliminary study to know the effect of high glucose concentration (mimicking hyperglycemia) and H2O2 (mimicking oxidative stress) on murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Methodology
{"title":"Effect of Hyperglycemia on Immune Function","authors":"D. Chandra","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555792","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder which leads to many serious secondary complications like retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular complication, delayed wound healing etc. Diabetics are more prone to infection due to compromised immunity. Hyperglycaemia leads to oxidative and osmotic stress. This short communication is the preliminary study to know the effect of high glucose concentration (mimicking hyperglycemia) and H2O2 (mimicking oxidative stress) on murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Methodology","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87376592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-31DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555794
Labakhua TSh
The problems of extracellular and intracellular signaling and its participation in control of the living systems are recognized to be one of the major directions in modern fundamental sciences, which are also used in clinical medicine for treatment and correction of the certain CNS disorders. The activity of cortical neurons that are related to the system of nociception, similarly to the activity of neurons of other cerebral nociceptive/ antinociceptive structures, is subjected to modulatory influences coming from a few brain centers.
{"title":"Synaptic Reactions of the “Nociceptive” Neurons in the Cat Cortex up on Stimulation of the Periaqueductal Gray and Application of Some Pharmacological Agents","authors":"Labakhua TSh","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555794","url":null,"abstract":"The problems of extracellular and intracellular signaling and its participation in control of the living systems are recognized to be one of the major directions in modern fundamental sciences, which are also used in clinical medicine for treatment and correction of the certain CNS disorders. The activity of cortical neurons that are related to the system of nociception, similarly to the activity of neurons of other cerebral nociceptive/ antinociceptive structures, is subjected to modulatory influences coming from a few brain centers.","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90143829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-31DOI: 10.19080/aibm.2018.10.555795
A. Tamir
Combustion, burning or fire is the sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat and conversion of the chemical species to new ones. Combustion supplies most of the energy required by human civilization where the visible result are fire and flames usually consisting of hot gases and light. The phenomenon of fire is mentioned already in the Bible in Genesis 15:17 as follows:” When the sun had set, and darkness had fallen, a smoking firepot with a blazing
{"title":"Combustion via Art","authors":"A. Tamir","doi":"10.19080/aibm.2018.10.555795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/aibm.2018.10.555795","url":null,"abstract":"Combustion, burning or fire is the sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat and conversion of the chemical species to new ones. Combustion supplies most of the energy required by human civilization where the visible result are fire and flames usually consisting of hot gases and light. The phenomenon of fire is mentioned already in the Bible in Genesis 15:17 as follows:” When the sun had set, and darkness had fallen, a smoking firepot with a blazing","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90246258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-29DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555791
Subhamoy Das
{"title":"Rise of The Super-Resistant Bugs − Advances in Therapeutics for Drug Resistant Bacteria","authors":"Subhamoy Das","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555791","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"243 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77260327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-27DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555789
A. Salhi
{"title":"CD4+ T Lymphocytes Are the Only HIV-1 Reservoir in Individuals Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy…or Not?","authors":"A. Salhi","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555789","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"230 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91458301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-27DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555790
C. Zeilinger
Protein microarray technology was used recently for targetoriented screening of chemically synthesized compound libraries or isolated natural compounds on Heat-Shock Proteins (Hsp), since Hsps together with the accompanied stress proteome are relevant targets in cancer and pathogenic organism [1-9]. An extended application of this method showed recently that the microarray technology enables also studies of protein-protein interaction to enable a broader application range [4,7]. The basic prerequisite for the formation of multicellular organisms is the ability of a single cell to communicate with neighboring cells. Molecules responsible for this intercellular communication are adhesion molecules like IgCAMs or gap junctions. The adhesion molecules represent a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of Cell Adhesion Molecules (Ig-CAM). The protein has an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, as well as a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail.
{"title":"Adhesiomics - Testing Protein-Protein Interaction of Cell Adhesion Proteins on Microarrays","authors":"C. Zeilinger","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2018.10.555790","url":null,"abstract":"Protein microarray technology was used recently for targetoriented screening of chemically synthesized compound libraries or isolated natural compounds on Heat-Shock Proteins (Hsp), since Hsps together with the accompanied stress proteome are relevant targets in cancer and pathogenic organism [1-9]. An extended application of this method showed recently that the microarray technology enables also studies of protein-protein interaction to enable a broader application range [4,7]. The basic prerequisite for the formation of multicellular organisms is the ability of a single cell to communicate with neighboring cells. Molecules responsible for this intercellular communication are adhesion molecules like IgCAMs or gap junctions. The adhesion molecules represent a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of Cell Adhesion Molecules (Ig-CAM). The protein has an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, as well as a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail.","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76028877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-27DOI: 10.19080/aibm.2018.10.555788
A. M
{"title":"Role of A Student in The Field of Biotechnology from Developing World","authors":"A. M","doi":"10.19080/aibm.2018.10.555788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/aibm.2018.10.555788","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80762487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-24DOI: 10.19080/aibm.2018.10.555785
Bhan Pratap Yadaw
{"title":"Critical Study of Dhamaniand Its Division in AyurvedaWsr To Sushruta Samhita","authors":"Bhan Pratap Yadaw","doi":"10.19080/aibm.2018.10.555785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/aibm.2018.10.555785","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73362665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-24DOI: 10.19080/aibm.2018.10.555787
A. Salhi
Food production is to a large extent dependent on pollination. However, pollinators such as honeybees, bumblebees, solitary bees, hover flies, butterflies and other wild pollinators are being lost at an alarming rate due to loss of habitat, disease [1], and excessive use of pesticides and in particular neonicotinoids. Indeed, a recent report by the European Food Safety Agency concluded that some pesticides posed a high risk to pollinators such as honeybees [2]. As a result, honeybees are becoming an increasingly scarce resource. An effective use of this resource is therefore in order. This report describes an optimization approach to deploying honeybees in an effective way for pollinating fruit trees and other flowering plants.
{"title":"Project Beeswax: On the Problem of Beehive Location for Optimum Pollination","authors":"A. Salhi","doi":"10.19080/aibm.2018.10.555787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/aibm.2018.10.555787","url":null,"abstract":"Food production is to a large extent dependent on pollination. However, pollinators such as honeybees, bumblebees, solitary bees, hover flies, butterflies and other wild pollinators are being lost at an alarming rate due to loss of habitat, disease [1], and excessive use of pesticides and in particular neonicotinoids. Indeed, a recent report by the European Food Safety Agency concluded that some pesticides posed a high risk to pollinators such as honeybees [2]. As a result, honeybees are becoming an increasingly scarce resource. An effective use of this resource is therefore in order. This report describes an optimization approach to deploying honeybees in an effective way for pollinating fruit trees and other flowering plants.","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87222419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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