Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2018.11.555816
O. Un
The decrease in the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating common infections has become a world-wide burden. In recent years there has been the presence of untreated strains of carbapenem resistant enterobacteriacae [1]. The increase in resistance is facilitated by interspecies gene transmission, lack of good sanitation and hygiene in the hospital and community thereby causing an increase in the frequency of global trade and disease transmission [2]. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of Staphyloccocal infection and they are responsible for different diseases such as skin infection, wound infections and toxin mediated diseases [3]. S. aureus is a major cause of infection in either hospitals or within communities across the world, this has made S. aureus develop resistance to commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents. They have the ability to acquire resistance to new antimicrobial agents. The first serious emergence of antibiotic resistant S. aureus occurred as Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The strain expressed a modified penicillin-binding protein encoded by MecA gene. MRSA strains are currently a very significant health care problem.
{"title":"Occurrence of Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (Vrsa) In Clinical and Community Isolates Within the University of Port Harcourt","authors":"O. Un","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2018.11.555816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2018.11.555816","url":null,"abstract":"The decrease in the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating common infections has become a world-wide burden. In recent years there has been the presence of untreated strains of carbapenem resistant enterobacteriacae [1]. The increase in resistance is facilitated by interspecies gene transmission, lack of good sanitation and hygiene in the hospital and community thereby causing an increase in the frequency of global trade and disease transmission [2]. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of Staphyloccocal infection and they are responsible for different diseases such as skin infection, wound infections and toxin mediated diseases [3]. S. aureus is a major cause of infection in either hospitals or within communities across the world, this has made S. aureus develop resistance to commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents. They have the ability to acquire resistance to new antimicrobial agents. The first serious emergence of antibiotic resistant S. aureus occurred as Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The strain expressed a modified penicillin-binding protein encoded by MecA gene. MRSA strains are currently a very significant health care problem.","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75516961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2018.11.555815
S. Kroyan
According to the upward zonality the forest brown soils occupy the northeastern part of the republic; the mountain slopes of 1300-2250m above sea level. The criteria presented in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) have been adopted as the classification criteria for all genetic soil-types and subtypes of the Republic. According to this classification, the brown soils of the forest correspond to the name cambisols. The humus of Republic of Armenia cambisols has been studied. It turned out that these soils are characterized by high content of humus; up to 11,2%, which gradually decreases parallel with the soil profile depth. The humus content in plant litter reaches up to the 21,8%. One of the most important features in the cambisols is a high hydrolysis character of humus. The total balance of carbon of humus substances is 17.0-43.6%, which shows the weak linkage of humus with the mineral part of the soil. In general the presence of black HA in the content of humin acids is not typical for cambisols. It is well known that in forest grey soil prevail FA and grey FA and the absence of HA, which are combined with exchanging Ca, moving R 2 O 3 - as well as with the acid reaction of the soil, which consider being main connectors of humic substances. Fulvic acids and brown humic acids prevail in the content of humic acids. The soils are characterized with considerable amount of black humic acids and low optical density of humic acids in the low horizons. There are subtypes differences in the content and features of forest grey soils, which is due to the narrow ratio of Cha: Cfa in strong unsaturated subtype soils. Grey humic acids prevail in the content of humic acids, and the humic acids have low optical density.
{"title":"The Contemporary State of the Humus Nutrion of the Cambisols of Republic of Armenia","authors":"S. Kroyan","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2018.11.555815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2018.11.555815","url":null,"abstract":"According to the upward zonality the forest brown soils occupy the northeastern part of the republic; the mountain slopes of 1300-2250m above sea level. The criteria presented in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) have been adopted as the classification criteria for all genetic soil-types and subtypes of the Republic. According to this classification, the brown soils of the forest correspond to the name cambisols. The humus of Republic of Armenia cambisols has been studied. It turned out that these soils are characterized by high content of humus; up to 11,2%, which gradually decreases parallel with the soil profile depth. The humus content in plant litter reaches up to the 21,8%. One of the most important features in the cambisols is a high hydrolysis character of humus. The total balance of carbon of humus substances is 17.0-43.6%, which shows the weak linkage of humus with the mineral part of the soil. In general the presence of black HA in the content of humin acids is not typical for cambisols. It is well known that in forest grey soil prevail FA and grey FA and the absence of HA, which are combined with exchanging Ca, moving R 2 O 3 - as well as with the acid reaction of the soil, which consider being main connectors of humic substances. Fulvic acids and brown humic acids prevail in the content of humic acids. The soils are characterized with considerable amount of black humic acids and low optical density of humic acids in the low horizons. There are subtypes differences in the content and features of forest grey soils, which is due to the narrow ratio of Cha: Cfa in strong unsaturated subtype soils. Grey humic acids prevail in the content of humic acids, and the humic acids have low optical density.","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"214 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72829358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.19080/aibm.2018.11.555814
AL-Ghanem M Mai
{"title":"Serratia A Novel Source of Secondary Metabolites","authors":"AL-Ghanem M Mai","doi":"10.19080/aibm.2018.11.555814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/aibm.2018.11.555814","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82307389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-21DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2018.11.555812
Sarpal As
{"title":"Biodiesel and Product Potential of Microalgae Dunaliella salina By NMR Techniques","authors":"Sarpal As","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2018.11.555812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2018.11.555812","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89148006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-21DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2018.11.555813
D. Chand
Rapid development of dye industry has accelerated the production and commercialization of dyes leading to serious environmental and health hazards. Waste water released by various synthetic dye industries can pollute and harm the aquatic environment [1,2]. Physical and electrochemical methods including coagulation, ion exchange, and oxidation for the removal of azo or recalcitrant dyes from the effluents become obsolete due to their technical and economical limitations [2]. In the current decade biocatalysts being efficient have received great attention for synthetic dye decolorization and also generate no-toxic product [3].
{"title":"Comparative Study of Dye Decolorization using free and Alginate Gel Entrapped Laccase from Cercospora sp. SPF-6","authors":"D. Chand","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2018.11.555813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2018.11.555813","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid development of dye industry has accelerated the production and commercialization of dyes leading to serious environmental and health hazards. Waste water released by various synthetic dye industries can pollute and harm the aquatic environment [1,2]. Physical and electrochemical methods including coagulation, ion exchange, and oxidation for the removal of azo or recalcitrant dyes from the effluents become obsolete due to their technical and economical limitations [2]. In the current decade biocatalysts being efficient have received great attention for synthetic dye decolorization and also generate no-toxic product [3].","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88400790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-20DOI: 10.19080/aibm.2018.11.555811
Gretty K Villena
{"title":"Microbial Diversity Assessment by PCR-DGGE Analysis in National Sanctuary of Ampay in Perú","authors":"Gretty K Villena","doi":"10.19080/aibm.2018.11.555811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/aibm.2018.11.555811","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85163669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-20DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2018.11.555809
M. Abdelgadir
The purpose of this research is to study the possibility of using water power to drive a hydraulic turbine installed in the drinking water pipeline emerging from a dam. The dam is constructed in the Red Sea state by the Dams Implementation Unit Kaleidoscope to solve water supply problem by harvesting and storing rainwater. In this study the required data is collected from the site of the dam and analyzed in terms of hydrological and topographic studies. Using this data, the flow rate of water through the pipe is estimated by applying the energy equation using Excel program analysis. Given flow rate and available head, the power is calculated and found to be about 19.39 kW. Suitable turbine and generator are selected. Finally, the results are compared with those obtained when using the program (Hydro Help - CLOVA issue, January 2010) and found to give very close agreements.
本研究的目的是研究利用水力驱动安装在大坝饮用水管道中的水轮机的可能性。万花筒大坝是由大坝实施单位在红海州建造的，通过收集和储存雨水来解决供水问题。在这项研究中，所需的数据是从大坝现场收集的，并在水文和地形研究方面进行了分析。利用这些数据，利用Excel程序分析，应用能量方程估算了管道的流量。给定流量和可用扬程，计算得到功率约为19.39 kW。选择合适的水轮机和发电机。最后，将结果与使用程序(Hydro Help - CLOVA issue, 2010年1月)时获得的结果进行比较，发现两者非常接近。
{"title":"Potentiality of Power Production from GebeitAlsharaf Dam, Red Sea State, Sudan","authors":"M. Abdelgadir","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2018.11.555809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2018.11.555809","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to study the possibility of using water power to drive a hydraulic turbine installed in the drinking water pipeline emerging from a dam. The dam is constructed in the Red Sea state by the Dams Implementation Unit Kaleidoscope to solve water supply problem by harvesting and storing rainwater. In this study the required data is collected from the site of the dam and analyzed in terms of hydrological and topographic studies. Using this data, the flow rate of water through the pipe is estimated by applying the energy equation using Excel program analysis. Given flow rate and available head, the power is calculated and found to be about 19.39 kW. Suitable turbine and generator are selected. Finally, the results are compared with those obtained when using the program (Hydro Help - CLOVA issue, January 2010) and found to give very close agreements.","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80290890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-20DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2018.11.555810
Sadaqat Khurshid
In developing country Poultry is a big source to get poultry production. In Pakistan the poultry investment is about 1 billion US dollar in poultry sector. The animal protein and the eggs availability is directly proportional to the broiler meat availability. Which is increasingly by 4 %annually. the family in urban areas suffer more from the poultry production activities in same or different ways than the family of rural areas [1]. The major thing which is involved in spreading of such kind problem is infectious disease this infectious disease is due to disseminated agent in poultry production sector. There are different agents in country that cause disease in poultry and their products diseases are Newcastle disease (ND). infectious bursal disease (IBD), Infectious Bronchitis (IB) and Egg Drop Syndrome, (EDS). Hydropericardium syndrome (HPS), and Avian Influenza virus (AI), these diseases may cause economical loss of poultry and their product by causing mortality, reduce the production of egg, hatchability. stress, morbidity across the world including Pakistan [2] NDV are considered to be the rich source of causing mortality in chicken [3] and many other species like wild birds and domesticated found to be susceptible to NDV [4-6]. The dessimination of NDV is nearly normal through new birds, selling or giving away sick and carrier birds [7]) regarding to this situation This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of Newcastle disease virus antibodies in different age group of vaccinated and non-vaccinated chicken from different forms of district Abbottabad.
{"title":"Serological Status of Newcastle Disease Virus in Live Broiler Birds of Mansehra Khyberpakhtunkhwa Pakistan","authors":"Sadaqat Khurshid","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2018.11.555810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2018.11.555810","url":null,"abstract":"In developing country Poultry is a big source to get poultry production. In Pakistan the poultry investment is about 1 billion US dollar in poultry sector. The animal protein and the eggs availability is directly proportional to the broiler meat availability. Which is increasingly by 4 %annually. the family in urban areas suffer more from the poultry production activities in same or different ways than the family of rural areas [1]. The major thing which is involved in spreading of such kind problem is infectious disease this infectious disease is due to disseminated agent in poultry production sector. There are different agents in country that cause disease in poultry and their products diseases are Newcastle disease (ND). infectious bursal disease (IBD), Infectious Bronchitis (IB) and Egg Drop Syndrome, (EDS). Hydropericardium syndrome (HPS), and Avian Influenza virus (AI), these diseases may cause economical loss of poultry and their product by causing mortality, reduce the production of egg, hatchability. stress, morbidity across the world including Pakistan [2] NDV are considered to be the rich source of causing mortality in chicken [3] and many other species like wild birds and domesticated found to be susceptible to NDV [4-6]. The dessimination of NDV is nearly normal through new birds, selling or giving away sick and carrier birds [7]) regarding to this situation This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of Newcastle disease virus antibodies in different age group of vaccinated and non-vaccinated chicken from different forms of district Abbottabad.","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88520579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-12DOI: 10.19080/aibm.2018.11.555806
A. Odaneth
Gas vacuoles comprise of aggregates of gas vesicles which is also known as hollow bodies, aerosomes, pseudo vacuoles and floatation bodies [1]. These vesicles are small, inert, low density and hollow gas filled proteinaceous intracellular organelles found in several microbes such as cyanobacteria, proteobacteria and archaea which imparts them with selective advantages for environmental adaptation [2]. In case of cyanobacteria, these gas vesicles facilitate buoyancy that helps in regulating positions at favourable depth for photosynthesis and for growth in aquatic environment. For haloarchaea, gas vesicle provide buoyancy so that bacteria can move towards oxygen-rich surface areas in hypersaline environments and for energy (ATP) synthesis driven by light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin. In heterotrophic bacteria, gas vesicle act as light-shielding organelle against the high light intensity and can provide larger surface to volume ratio for nutrient acquisition in order to adapt to low temperature conditions [3].
{"title":"Understanding Gas Vesicles and Its Scope in Biotechnological Applications","authors":"A. Odaneth","doi":"10.19080/aibm.2018.11.555806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/aibm.2018.11.555806","url":null,"abstract":"Gas vacuoles comprise of aggregates of gas vesicles which is also known as hollow bodies, aerosomes, pseudo vacuoles and floatation bodies [1]. These vesicles are small, inert, low density and hollow gas filled proteinaceous intracellular organelles found in several microbes such as cyanobacteria, proteobacteria and archaea which imparts them with selective advantages for environmental adaptation [2]. In case of cyanobacteria, these gas vesicles facilitate buoyancy that helps in regulating positions at favourable depth for photosynthesis and for growth in aquatic environment. For haloarchaea, gas vesicle provide buoyancy so that bacteria can move towards oxygen-rich surface areas in hypersaline environments and for energy (ATP) synthesis driven by light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin. In heterotrophic bacteria, gas vesicle act as light-shielding organelle against the high light intensity and can provide larger surface to volume ratio for nutrient acquisition in order to adapt to low temperature conditions [3].","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74194205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-08DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2018.11.555820
Hyunjo Kim
Bioinformatics resource is the exploitation of genome sequence data for diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventionpurposes. The role of clinical genomics in infectious disease is aimed at describing the structure of outbreakcommunities, the methodology works equally well to identify pathogens in clinical samples. Furthermore, early detectionof infectious disease in outbreaks is one of the significant issues in syndromic surveillance systems. The key concept inusing clinical genomics methodology is a process of generating large-scale sequence data sets that adequately samplea specimen for microbial content and then of applying computational methods to resolve the sequences into individualspecies, genes, pathways, or other features. It helps to provide a rapid epidemiological response and reduce morbidityand mortality. Therefore, bioinformatics model algorithms for virus transmission and prevention in terms of resistomewould be taken into consideration. The relevant future study of resistome reveals strategies that can be applied in newantibiotic discoveries.
{"title":"Bioinformatics Tools in Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Prevention Algorithms","authors":"Hyunjo Kim","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2018.11.555820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2018.11.555820","url":null,"abstract":"Bioinformatics resource is the exploitation of genome sequence data for diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventionpurposes. The role of clinical genomics in infectious disease is aimed at describing the structure of outbreakcommunities, the methodology works equally well to identify pathogens in clinical samples. Furthermore, early detectionof infectious disease in outbreaks is one of the significant issues in syndromic surveillance systems. The key concept inusing clinical genomics methodology is a process of generating large-scale sequence data sets that adequately samplea specimen for microbial content and then of applying computational methods to resolve the sequences into individualspecies, genes, pathways, or other features. It helps to provide a rapid epidemiological response and reduce morbidityand mortality. Therefore, bioinformatics model algorithms for virus transmission and prevention in terms of resistomewould be taken into consideration. The relevant future study of resistome reveals strategies that can be applied in newantibiotic discoveries.","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":"437 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80937221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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