Hiba Yousef Saleh, Hadeel Ahmed Hasan, G. Kadhim, Sameerah Mustafa
The study was conducted by taking blood samples from those recovering from the Corona virus, specifically 20-28 days after infection. The number of samples was (54) patients, collected from the period among six months (Mars to September). Blood samples were taken from patients recovering from Covid 19 from the hospitals of Karbala and Baghdad, the information of the samples was recorded, and laboratory analyzes were done to measure the level of ferritin, and the complete blood picture was measured. The data of patients were studied Biochemistry lab with biochemical tests. The results were obtained and indicated that most of the recovered patients with Corona virus had symptoms of acute anemia , and after conducting a ferritin analysis, it was found that their ferritin level was high, which caused an increase in stored iron and a lack of iron associated with hemoglobin. The research recommended continues taking vitamins and minerals necessary for the health of the body.
{"title":"Ferritin level and Hb after covid 19 in the city of Baghdad and Karbala-Iraq","authors":"Hiba Yousef Saleh, Hadeel Ahmed Hasan, G. Kadhim, Sameerah Mustafa","doi":"10.32441/kjps.06.02.p3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.06.02.p3","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted by taking blood samples from those recovering from the Corona virus, specifically 20-28 days after infection. The number of samples was (54) patients, collected from the period among six months (Mars to September). Blood samples were taken from patients recovering from Covid 19 from the hospitals of Karbala and Baghdad, the information of the samples was recorded, and laboratory analyzes were done to measure the level of ferritin, and the complete blood picture was measured. The data of patients were studied Biochemistry lab with biochemical tests. \u0000The results were obtained and indicated that most of the recovered patients with Corona virus had symptoms of acute anemia , and after conducting a ferritin analysis, it was found that their ferritin level was high, which caused an increase in stored iron and a lack of iron associated with hemoglobin. The research recommended continues taking vitamins and minerals necessary for the health of the body.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86137636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salah Mohi Salih, Sarab K. Abedalrahman, Usama Nahi Hamdi
Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a multiple organ disorder affects 5 to 10 % female population. The world occurrence of PCOS is 105 million in the age ranges from 15 to 45. The polycystic ovarian syndrome is a set of disorders like amenorrhea, infertility, polycystic ovaries, hyperinsulinemia, hirsutism, acne vulgaris and other symptoms of hyperandrogenism. Color Doppler and Pulse Doppler play a major role in evaluation of uterine artery Resistive index for access correlation with PCOS. PCOS patients suffer from primary and secondary infertility. This study aimed to show assess uterine blood flow and whether there is a correlation between these patterns and specific hormonal parameters. A case control study done in Salah Al-Deen governorate during the period of 1st May–1st October 2022. Twenty-five patients with polycystic ovary disease compared with 25 normal healthy women. The ultrasound and Doppler analyses were performed for all women during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Uterine artery blood flow velocities were analyzed and the pulsatility index, were calculated. The current study showed that oligomenorrhea found among (72%) of the patients, clinical/biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism found among (76%). The mean LH (mIU/L) was significantly higher among PCO disease cases and also that the mean FSH (mIU/L) was significantly lower among PCO disease cases than control group. There was at increased ovarian volume of > 10 cm3 found among (80%), and ≥12 follicles measuring 2-9 mm found in (84%) of the PCO disease patients. The mean Uterine artery PI was significantly higher among PCO disease cases 2.3 ± 0.5 than control group 1.8 ± 0.4 (P value <0.05). The mean ovarian volume was significantly higher among PCO disease cases than control group. The mean Uterine artery PI was significantly higher among PCO disease cases than control group.
{"title":"Uterine artery pulsatility index among polycystic ovary disease; case control study","authors":"Salah Mohi Salih, Sarab K. Abedalrahman, Usama Nahi Hamdi","doi":"10.32441/kjps.06.02.p2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.06.02.p2","url":null,"abstract":" Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a multiple organ disorder affects 5 to 10 % female population. The world occurrence of PCOS is 105 million in the age ranges from 15 to 45. The polycystic ovarian syndrome is a set of disorders like amenorrhea, infertility, polycystic ovaries, hyperinsulinemia, hirsutism, acne vulgaris and other symptoms of hyperandrogenism. Color Doppler and Pulse Doppler play a major role in evaluation of uterine artery Resistive index for access correlation with PCOS. PCOS patients suffer from primary and secondary infertility. This study aimed to show assess uterine blood flow and whether there is a correlation between these patterns and specific hormonal parameters. \u0000A case control study done in Salah Al-Deen governorate during the period of 1st May–1st October 2022. Twenty-five patients with polycystic ovary disease compared with 25 normal healthy women. The ultrasound and Doppler analyses were performed for all women during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Uterine artery blood flow velocities were analyzed and the pulsatility index, were calculated. \u0000The current study showed that oligomenorrhea found among (72%) of the patients, clinical/biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism found among (76%). The mean LH (mIU/L) was significantly higher among PCO disease cases and also that the mean FSH (mIU/L) was significantly lower among PCO disease cases than control group. There was at increased ovarian volume of > 10 cm3 found among (80%), and ≥12 follicles measuring 2-9 mm found in (84%) of the PCO disease patients. The mean Uterine artery PI was significantly higher among PCO disease cases 2.3 ± 0.5 than control group 1.8 ± 0.4 (P value <0.05). \u0000The mean ovarian volume was significantly higher among PCO disease cases than control group. The mean Uterine artery PI was significantly higher among PCO disease cases than control group.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85860863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Yousif, Yazen S. Almashhadani, Basud Mohammed Rasool
Demanding extra Bandwidth and high data rates has been meet by the integration both of wired and wireless communication systems. For that the Radio over Fiber (RoF) technology has gained a traction. In this article a Coherent Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CO-OFDM) is proposed as the main wired system for transmitting data at high rates suffers from the polarization mode dispersion and chromatic dispersion of the optical channel which mitigates the data rates. Thus, to combat these limitations a Desperation Compensation Fiber (DCF) which adds negative attenuation to the optical signals transmitted in optical fiber is suggested. Moreover, the addition of Wavelength- Division- Multiplexing (WDM) to the system of transmission provides better bandwidth saving, high data rates, and better spectral efficiency, and power utilization. The efficiency of high data rate CO-OFDM integrated with RoF for long haul transmission between 100km and 450km with data rates up to 10 Gbps have been investigated in this article with SMF-DCF with 16 DPSK and 16-QAM modulations schemes respectively. The simulation results showed that the proposed system can achieve a high data rate up to 55 Gbps but when integrated with WDM, with a fiber link length can be increased to up to 6600 kilometers, with highest data rate up to 1.65 Tbps.
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Dispersion Compensation Fiber-based Coherent Optical OFDM-WDM for Long Haul RoF","authors":"R. Yousif, Yazen S. Almashhadani, Basud Mohammed Rasool","doi":"10.32441/kjps.06.02.p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.06.02.p1","url":null,"abstract":" Demanding extra Bandwidth and high data rates has been meet by the integration both of wired and wireless communication systems. For that the Radio over Fiber (RoF) technology has gained a traction. In this article a Coherent Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CO-OFDM) is proposed as the main wired system for transmitting data at high rates suffers from the polarization mode dispersion and chromatic dispersion of the optical channel which mitigates the data rates. Thus, to combat these limitations a Desperation Compensation Fiber (DCF) which adds negative attenuation to the optical signals transmitted in optical fiber is suggested. Moreover, the addition of Wavelength- Division- Multiplexing (WDM) to the system of transmission provides better bandwidth saving, high data rates, and better spectral efficiency, and power utilization. The efficiency of high data rate CO-OFDM integrated with RoF for long haul transmission between 100km and 450km with data rates up to 10 Gbps have been investigated in this article with SMF-DCF with 16 DPSK and 16-QAM modulations schemes respectively. The simulation results showed that the proposed system can achieve a high data rate up to 55 Gbps but when integrated with WDM, with a fiber link length can be increased to up to 6600 kilometers, with highest data rate up to 1.65 Tbps.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73038672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahra A. Hussein, Ali Rahim, Wasan Adnan Abdul-Hameed
Background: Performance indicators are used to assess patient safety, efficacy, equity, patient-centeredness, punctuality, and efficiency. The benchmark values for each Key Performance Indicator are aspirational values, and the minimum performance level values are the number of fertilized oocytes on Day 1 and the Normal Fertilization Rate, respectively (presence of 2Pro Nucleus and 2Polar Body measured at 17 h post-injection) as a Failed fertilization rate is calculated as the proportion of IVF cycles (excluding cycles with intracytoplasmic injection) on Day 1 (17 hours after insemination) with no signs of pregnancy. During fertilization (i.e., 0 oocytes with 2Pro Nucleus). The percentage of zygotes on Day 2 (44 hours after insemination) is known as the cleavage rate, and it can suggest an issue with sperm quality (sperm function, oocyte activation, and gamete receptors), sperm processing, or the quantity of spermatozoa used for insemination. which cleaves to create embryos. The percentage of cleaved embryos per successfully fertilized egg that are at the 4-cell stage on Day 2 (44 hours post-insemination) or at the 8-cell stage on Day 3 (68 hours post-insemination) is known as the embryo development rate. This evaluates the viability and quality of the embryos as well as the capacity of the culture system to promote cleavage at the necessary stages. The critical factor is the proportion of blastocysts observed at 116 hours after insemination as a function of the number of correctly fertilized oocytes. Measures of performance blastocyst development rate. The viability of the embryo as well as the culture system's capacity to support blastocyst formation from fertilized oocytes (i.e., the formation of an intracellular mass and a blastocoele cavity) are both determined by this factor. It should be noted that this phrase only considers blastocyst formation and not blastocyst stage or quality. The damage rate is the proportion of oocytes that are injured or have deteriorated by the time of fertilization assessment on Day 1 as a result of the intracytoplasmic injection. The percentage of biopsied and tubed/fixed samples where DNA is found represents the success rate of the biopsy. It serves as a gauge of the embryologists' ability to transfer biopsied samples to test tubes, as shown by successful DNA amplification. The number of gestational sacs divided by the total number of transplanted embryos is how one calculates the implantation rate, which is dependent on the cleavage stage. By dividing the number of gestational sacs by the total number of transplanted blastocysts, the implantation KPI (blastocyst stage) is calculated.
{"title":"Studying the IVF Laboratory Performance Indicators the Vienna Consensus 2017 for the High Institute According to Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive for Infertility Technologies, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq","authors":"Zahra A. Hussein, Ali Rahim, Wasan Adnan Abdul-Hameed","doi":"10.32441/kjps.06.01.p6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.06.01.p6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Performance indicators are used to assess patient safety, efficacy, equity, patient-centeredness, punctuality, and efficiency. The benchmark values for each Key Performance Indicator are aspirational values, and the minimum performance level values are the number of fertilized oocytes on Day 1 and the Normal Fertilization Rate, respectively (presence of 2Pro Nucleus and 2Polar Body measured at 17 h post-injection) as a Failed fertilization rate is calculated as the proportion of IVF cycles (excluding cycles with intracytoplasmic injection) on Day 1 (17 hours after insemination) with no signs of pregnancy. \u0000During fertilization (i.e., 0 oocytes with 2Pro Nucleus). The percentage of zygotes on Day 2 (44 hours after insemination) is known as the cleavage rate, and it can suggest an issue with sperm quality (sperm function, oocyte activation, and gamete receptors), sperm processing, or the quantity of spermatozoa used for insemination. which cleaves to create embryos. The percentage of cleaved embryos per successfully fertilized egg that are at the 4-cell stage on Day 2 (44 hours post-insemination) or at the 8-cell stage on Day 3 (68 hours post-insemination) is known as the embryo development rate. This evaluates the viability and quality of the embryos as well as the capacity of the culture system to promote cleavage at the necessary stages. The critical factor is the proportion of blastocysts observed at 116 hours after insemination as a function of the number of correctly fertilized oocytes. Measures of performance blastocyst development rate. The viability of the embryo as well as the culture system's capacity to support blastocyst formation from fertilized oocytes (i.e., the formation of an intracellular mass and a blastocoele cavity) are both determined by this factor. It should be noted that this phrase only considers blastocyst formation and not blastocyst stage or quality. The damage rate is the proportion of oocytes that are injured or have deteriorated by the time of fertilization assessment on Day 1 as a result of the intracytoplasmic injection. The percentage of biopsied and tubed/fixed samples where DNA is found represents the success rate of the biopsy. It serves as a gauge of the embryologists' ability to transfer biopsied samples to test tubes, as shown by successful DNA amplification. The number of gestational sacs divided by the total number of transplanted embryos is how one calculates the implantation rate, which is dependent on the cleavage stage. By dividing the number of gestational sacs by the total number of transplanted blastocysts, the implantation KPI (blastocyst stage) is calculated.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78263850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Infertility is the inability to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months of regular and unprotected sexual activity. Increases in child-bearing delay and maternal age at first pregnancy significantly impact the rise of age-related infertility and the demand for treatment using assisted reproduction techniques (ART). As a result, many women with a low ovarian reserve and a poor ovarian response (POR) to conventional stimulation seek medical assistance at infertility clinics. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the quality of oocytes and embryos, as well as the rates of conception, in infertile women who were candidates for fresh intracytoplasmic sperm injection between good and poor-responder women (ICSI). Patients and methods: The study was conducted on 45 infertile women undergoing ICSI at the High Institute for Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies/ Al-Nahrain University/ Baghdad/ Iraq from October 2021 to April 2022, regardless of whether they had previously undergone ICSI. The morphology of the oocytes and the quality of the resulting embryos were assessed. The patients' ages ranged from 20 to 42 years old. There was primary and secondary infertility ranging from one to 20 years. Every couple had a basic reproductive assessment. The antagonist protocol was used for all infertile females. All females had their serum levels of AMH, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and oestradiol (E2) measured on the second or third day of their cycle. The serum oestradiol (E2) level was re-measured on the day of the hCG injection. Results: The participants in the study were 32.6 ± 5.3 years old. The findings showed that 57.8% of the patients had a well response, and 24.4% of the women were pregnant. In those who became pregnant, anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) levels were significantly higher, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were noticeably lower (p> 0.05). The E2, LH, prolactin, and progesterone levels were not statistically different (P> 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings revealed a positive relationship between response and ICSI outcomes in infertile women.
{"title":"Association between ICSI cycle outcome and response in women with infertility","authors":"Sara Samir Sadoon, A. Mohammed, Ali Rahim","doi":"10.32441/kjps.06.01.p5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.06.01.p5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infertility is the inability to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months of regular and unprotected sexual activity. Increases in child-bearing delay and maternal age at first pregnancy significantly impact the rise of age-related infertility and the demand for treatment using assisted reproduction techniques (ART). As a result, many women with a low ovarian reserve and a poor ovarian response (POR) to conventional stimulation seek medical assistance at infertility clinics. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the quality of oocytes and embryos, as well as the rates of conception, in infertile women who were candidates for fresh intracytoplasmic sperm injection between good and poor-responder women (ICSI). Patients and methods: The study was conducted on 45 infertile women undergoing ICSI at the High Institute for Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies/ Al-Nahrain University/ Baghdad/ Iraq from October 2021 to April 2022, regardless of whether they had previously undergone ICSI. The morphology of the oocytes and the quality of the resulting embryos were assessed. The patients' ages ranged from 20 to 42 years old. There was primary and secondary infertility ranging from one to 20 years. Every couple had a basic reproductive assessment. The antagonist protocol was used for all infertile females. All females had their serum levels of AMH, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and oestradiol (E2) measured on the second or third day of their cycle. The serum oestradiol (E2) level was re-measured on the day of the hCG injection. Results: The participants in the study were 32.6 ± 5.3 years old. The findings showed that 57.8% of the patients had a well response, and 24.4% of the women were pregnant. In those who became pregnant, anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) levels were significantly higher, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were noticeably lower (p> 0.05). The E2, LH, prolactin, and progesterone levels were not statistically different (P> 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings revealed a positive relationship between response and ICSI outcomes in infertile women.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77954244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wafaa Khazaal Shams, Qusay Kanaan Kadhim, Noor Ahmed Hameed, Wijdan Mahommd Khuthqair
The objective of this study is to detect affective response of children to facial expression based on alpha power density of brain activity. Electroencephalography data were collected from 10 typical children. The alpha power temporal information of active brain regions was extracted. Performance of the power spectrum feature was evaluated in emotion recognition process using K nearest neighbor, a regularized least square and multilayer perceptron classifier. A statistical analysis indicated right alpha activity during negative and calm emotional states. Statistical results showed significant difference between rest conditions and emotional state. The best accuracy we got to detect emotional states is by using regularized least square that is 70%.
{"title":"Emotional Response using Power Spectrum Approach","authors":"Wafaa Khazaal Shams, Qusay Kanaan Kadhim, Noor Ahmed Hameed, Wijdan Mahommd Khuthqair","doi":"10.32441/kjps.06.01.p4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.06.01.p4","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to detect affective response of children to facial expression based on alpha power density of brain activity. Electroencephalography data were collected from 10 typical children. The alpha power temporal information of active brain regions was extracted. Performance of the power spectrum feature was evaluated in emotion recognition process using K nearest neighbor, a regularized least square and multilayer perceptron classifier. A statistical analysis indicated right alpha activity during negative and calm emotional states. Statistical results showed significant difference between rest conditions and emotional state. The best accuracy we got to detect emotional states is by using regularized least square that is 70%.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"442 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84300622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exacerbating the environmental impacts of pollution and leaving them unchanged will ultimately lead to disastrous environmental disasters Consequences, in addition to incurring a lot of human and material losses in addition to wasting and dissipating a lot of energies and foreshadow in the end a threat to the human existence and the great danger it poses to the future of Iraq. The research attempts to identify the impact of environmental pollution on health, agriculture, economy and development and threatening the lives of the population. For the purpose of reaching this goal, the research included in its theoretical part the concept of pollution and its types, and the Iraqi environment, especially after 2003, while the practical part dealt with the impact of methane emissions, and dioxide Carbon and nitrous oxide on the soil in Iraq using the Quick Back Propagation artificial neural network.
{"title":"The Effect of CO2, CH4, N2O Gases Emissions on Agricultural Grounds in Iraq After 2003 By Using Neural Networks","authors":"N. Al-Fakhry, Ramadan M. Ramo","doi":"10.32441/kjps.05.02.p4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.05.02.p4","url":null,"abstract":"Exacerbating the environmental impacts of pollution and leaving them unchanged will ultimately lead to disastrous environmental disasters Consequences, in addition to incurring a lot of human and material losses in addition to wasting and dissipating a lot of energies and foreshadow in the end a threat to the human existence and the great danger it poses to the future of Iraq. The research attempts to identify the impact of environmental pollution on health, agriculture, economy and development and threatening the lives of the population. For the purpose of reaching this goal, the research included in its theoretical part the concept of pollution and its types, and the Iraqi environment, especially after 2003, while the practical part dealt with the impact of methane emissions, and dioxide Carbon and nitrous oxide on the soil in Iraq using the Quick Back Propagation artificial neural network.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79167270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was conducted to assess the efficiency of solar energy in treating any potential pollution of drinking water in dam lakes caused by human activity in rural areas. The water quality parameters include temperature, pH, conductivity, total suspended solids, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, NH4-N, NO3-N, HCO3, Cl-, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, SAR, B, K+, SO42-, and E-coli were monitored. Samples was collected during the summer and winter (during the filling period). The results showed a rapid decrease in microbial counts upon exposure to solar radiation. More than 98% reductions were achieved after 8 hours for the bacterial communities tested under different conditions. The rate of inactivation, however, varied and was mainly affected by water turbidity and temperature during the experiments. The results indicated that turbidity affected the efficiency of water disinfection, and the efficiency improves with longer exposure duration, implying that in high turbidity and severe weather conditions, exposure time must be increased to compensate for the effects of these factors. The water in the system should be exposed to at least eight hours before leaving to the storage tanks. When scaled up, the proposed method could be a vital tool in solar water disinfection technologies, particularly in isolated and rural locations. Using solar energy to disinfect polluted water will certainly reduce the usage of chlorination and or filtration in water treatment, reducing treatment costs while also protecting the environment.
{"title":"A Solar Disinfection Water Treatment System for Rural Areas / Jordan","authors":"Yasmeen Smadi, Emad Alsood, Mohammad Aljaradin","doi":"10.32441/kjps.05.02.p5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.05.02.p5","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to assess the efficiency of solar energy in treating any potential pollution of drinking water in dam lakes caused by human activity in rural areas. The water quality parameters include temperature, pH, conductivity, total suspended solids, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, NH4-N, NO3-N, HCO3, Cl-, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, SAR, B, K+, SO42-, and E-coli were monitored. Samples was collected during the summer and winter (during the filling period). The results showed a rapid decrease in microbial counts upon exposure to solar radiation. More than 98% reductions were achieved after 8 hours for the bacterial communities tested under different conditions. The rate of inactivation, however, varied and was mainly affected by water turbidity and temperature during the experiments. The results indicated that turbidity affected the efficiency of water disinfection, and the efficiency improves with longer exposure duration, implying that in high turbidity and severe weather conditions, exposure time must be increased to compensate for the effects of these factors. The water in the system should be exposed to at least eight hours before leaving to the storage tanks. When scaled up, the proposed method could be a vital tool in solar water disinfection technologies, particularly in isolated and rural locations. Using solar energy to disinfect polluted water will certainly reduce the usage of chlorination and or filtration in water treatment, reducing treatment costs while also protecting the environment.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78509153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The continuous monitoring of transmission line protection relay is desirable to ensure the system disturbance such as fault inception is detected in transmission line. Therefore, fault on transmission line needs to be detected, classified, and located accurately to maintain the stability of system. This project presents design enhancement and development under voltage relay in power system protection using MATLAB/Simulink. The under-voltage relay is a relay that has contacts that operate when voltage drops below a set voltage which is used for protection against voltage drops to detect short circuit and others. This study is carried out for all types of faults which only related with one of the parallel lines. For the overall of operation conditions, the sample data were generated for the system by varying the different fault types and fault location. This design system proposes the use of MATLAB/ Simulink based method for fast and reliable fault classification and location for a various type of fault.
{"title":"Non-Human-Machine Interaction for Power Transmission Lines Protection Design and Enhancement of Under Voltage Relay","authors":"A. T. Hussain","doi":"10.32441/kjps.05.02.p3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.05.02.p3","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous monitoring of transmission line protection relay is desirable to ensure the system disturbance such as fault inception is detected in transmission line. Therefore, fault on transmission line needs to be detected, classified, and located accurately to maintain the stability of system. This project presents design enhancement and development under voltage relay in power system protection using MATLAB/Simulink. The under-voltage relay is a relay that has contacts that operate when voltage drops below a set voltage which is used for protection against voltage drops to detect short circuit and others. This study is carried out for all types of faults which only related with one of the parallel lines. For the overall of operation conditions, the sample data were generated for the system by varying the different fault types and fault location. This design system proposes the use of MATLAB/ Simulink based method for fast and reliable fault classification and location for a various type of fault.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85471400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ghadir Khalaf, Sameerah Mustafa, G. Kadhim, Hadeel A. Hasan
Alkaline hydrolysis rates coefficients for the series of methyl 3-(7-substituted-1-naphthyl) propynoate was calculated in 70%v/v dimethylsulphoxide-water at various temperatures (25,30,40, and 50̊ C). The pKa values of 3-(7-substituted-1-naphthyl) propynoic acid and (E)- 3-(7-substituted-1-naphthyl) propenoic acid calculated in 80%w/w 2-methoxyethanol-water at room temperature (25.0̊ C). logk2 of esterification rate coefficients for 3-(7-substituted-1-naphthyl) propynioc acid and (E)-3(7-substituted-1-naphthyl) propenioc acid with DDM have been measured at 30.0̊ C. Reversed substituent dipolar effects were found in the ionization reaction. In the esterification reaction with DDM the result show similar but reduced substituted effects. Rate retardations was found in the alkaline hydrolysis. It could be result from steric effect or reversal of substituent dipolar effect with a combination of steric effect.
{"title":"Transmission of dipolar substituent effects: ionization of a series 3-(7-substituted-1-naphthyl) propynoic acid (E)-3-(7-substituted-1-naphthyl) propenoic acids and their Esterification with Diazodiphenylmethane","authors":"Ghadir Khalaf, Sameerah Mustafa, G. Kadhim, Hadeel A. Hasan","doi":"10.32441/kjps.05.02.p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.05.02.p1","url":null,"abstract":"Alkaline hydrolysis rates coefficients for the series of methyl 3-(7-substituted-1-naphthyl) propynoate was calculated in 70%v/v dimethylsulphoxide-water at various temperatures (25,30,40, and 50̊ C). The pKa values of 3-(7-substituted-1-naphthyl) propynoic acid and (E)- 3-(7-substituted-1-naphthyl) propenoic acid calculated in 80%w/w 2-methoxyethanol-water at room temperature (25.0̊ C). logk2 of esterification rate coefficients for 3-(7-substituted-1-naphthyl) propynioc acid and (E)-3(7-substituted-1-naphthyl) propenioc acid with DDM have been measured at 30.0̊ C. Reversed substituent dipolar effects were found in the ionization reaction. In the esterification reaction with DDM the result show similar but reduced substituted effects. Rate retardations was found in the alkaline hydrolysis. It could be result from steric effect or reversal of substituent dipolar effect with a combination of steric effect.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78296095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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