ABSTRACT The phenomenon of desertification has a negative impact on the national economy of any country and may usually be obtained for many reasons such as the removal of agricultural land, depletion of soil, overgrazing, methods of poor irrigation, high temperature, and the lack of rainfall. The following paper tackles solving the problem of the lack of rainfall through the use of chemical methods such as preparing sodium polyacrylate and improving its properties by means of adding bentonite and thus obtaining a new and improved water absorption compound. The study concludes that the suitable range of bentonite ratio that is between (0 - 20 wt %) ensures water absorption from 1340 gg - 1 to 1500gg – 1 and thus the researcher confirms that the cross-linked of the compound will not be changed and the absorption of water will be higher. The presence of bentonite with polymer at a perfect percentage contributes to the reorganization of the distribution of the granular size of the polymer sodium polyacrylate—a matter that is reflected on the growing of its ability to absorb water and thus becoming a suitable compound in the treatment of desertification.
{"title":"Preparing and Improving the Properties of Sodium Acrylate Polymer by Adding Dentonite for the Treatment of Desertification Phenomenon","authors":"Hamid A. Al-Falahi, E. Hameed","doi":"10.32441/kjps.03.01.p2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.03.01.p2","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000\u0000 The phenomenon of desertification has a negative impact on the national economy of any country and may usually be obtained for many reasons such as the removal of agricultural land, depletion of soil, overgrazing, methods of poor irrigation, high temperature, and the lack of rainfall. The following paper tackles solving the problem of the lack of rainfall through the use of chemical methods such as preparing sodium polyacrylate and improving its properties by means of adding bentonite and thus obtaining a new and improved water absorption compound. The study concludes that the suitable range of bentonite ratio that is between (0 - 20 wt %) ensures water absorption from 1340 gg - 1 to 1500gg – 1 and thus the researcher confirms that the cross-linked of the compound will not be changed and the absorption of water will be higher. The presence of bentonite with polymer at a perfect percentage contributes to the reorganization of the distribution of the granular size of the polymer sodium polyacrylate—a matter that is reflected on the growing of its ability to absorb water and thus becoming a suitable compound in the treatment of desertification.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72939046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One hundred seventy-nine clinical samples collected included: urine, wounds, pus, burns and tonsils from patients coming to Rizgary Teaching Hospital and Rozhawa Hospital in Erbil city from March to September 2013, (24) (13.40%) strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa identified according to cultural characteristics, microscopically features and biochemical tests in addition to the API -20E.Antibiotics sensitivity done against 12 types of antibiotics. The results showed absolute resistance against Ampicillin (AM / 10μg)& Amoxicillin (AX / 25μg) by 100% whereas the lowest resistant appeared against Gentamicin(GM/10µg), Cephalothin(KF/30µg) & Ciprofloxacin(CIP/5µg) (33.3,25,20.8%) respectively .Ten isolates were selected according to their pattern of the highest resistance as these showing multi-drug resistances and tested to specify their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the antibiotics and some types of Nanoparticles include Silver in different sizes (20, 90)nm, Zinc oxide in different sizes (20,30, 50~150)nm and titanium dioxide in different sizes (10, 50, 100)nm. The results showed that the MIC for Ag 20,90nm was between (650 -2600) μg/ml and the MIC for ZnO20nm was between (81.25 -2600) μg/ml but the MIC for ZnO30, 50~150nm between (325-2600) μg/ml and the MIC for TiO210nm was between (81.25 -2600) μg/ml, MIC of TiO250nm between (325-2600) μg/ml but MIC of TiO2100nm between (162.5-2600) μg/ml .Synergism effect between the antibiotics and the Nanoparticles showed high activity in inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth.
{"title":"The Effect of some nanoparticles on multiple antibiotics resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates","authors":"Payman A. Kareem, E. Alsammak","doi":"10.32441/kjps.03.01.p7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.03.01.p7","url":null,"abstract":"One hundred seventy-nine clinical samples collected included: urine, wounds, pus, burns and tonsils from patients coming to Rizgary Teaching Hospital and Rozhawa Hospital in Erbil city from March to September 2013, (24) (13.40%) strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa identified according to cultural characteristics, microscopically features and biochemical tests in addition to the API -20E.Antibiotics sensitivity done against 12 types of antibiotics. The results showed absolute resistance against Ampicillin (AM / 10μg)& Amoxicillin (AX / 25μg) by 100% whereas the lowest resistant appeared against Gentamicin(GM/10µg), Cephalothin(KF/30µg) & Ciprofloxacin(CIP/5µg) (33.3,25,20.8%) respectively .Ten isolates were selected according to their pattern of the highest resistance as these showing multi-drug resistances and tested to specify their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the antibiotics and some types of Nanoparticles include Silver in different sizes (20, 90)nm, Zinc oxide in different sizes (20,30, 50~150)nm and titanium dioxide in different sizes (10, 50, 100)nm. The results showed that the MIC for Ag 20,90nm was between (650 -2600) μg/ml and the MIC for ZnO20nm was between (81.25 -2600) μg/ml but the MIC for ZnO30, 50~150nm between (325-2600) μg/ml and the MIC for TiO210nm was between (81.25 -2600) μg/ml, MIC of TiO250nm between (325-2600) μg/ml but MIC of TiO2100nm between (162.5-2600) μg/ml .Synergism effect between the antibiotics and the Nanoparticles showed high activity in inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81423502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The compaction apparatus is used in this study to measure the total resistance of particles during the compressibility process for approaching the real resistance of the particles in the ball mill and to simulate the grinding in an actual ball mill in order to be used for design purposes. The apparatus consists of two punches and a large die which a single punch pressing. The size reduction is measured because it gives an indication to the total resistance and the grinding product of the coarse particles of white cement clinker manufacture by Alkhomes refractory. The effect of the compaction applied pressure and compaction velocity are studied. Results indicated that the high total resistance (Tr) occurred at high compaction speed, low applied pressure and at increase the weight of a compacted material.
{"title":"Effects of the Applied Pressure and Pressing Speeds on the Total Resistance of the Compressibility Process","authors":"H. A. Al-Jewaree","doi":"10.32441/kjps.03.1.p4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.03.1.p4","url":null,"abstract":"The compaction apparatus is used in this study to measure the total resistance of particles during the compressibility process for approaching the real resistance of the particles in the ball mill and to simulate the grinding in an actual ball mill in order to be used for design purposes. The apparatus consists of two punches and a large die which a single punch pressing. The size reduction is measured because it gives an indication to the total resistance and the grinding product of the coarse particles of white cement clinker manufacture by Alkhomes refractory. The effect of the compaction applied pressure and compaction velocity are studied. Results indicated that the high total resistance (Tr) occurred at high compaction speed, low applied pressure and at increase the weight of a compacted material.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76925522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cystoid Macular Edema (CME) in its various forms can be considered one of the leading causes of central vision loss in the developed world. It is not a disease itself, It represents a common pathologic sequel of the retina and occurs in a variety of pathological conditions such as, diabetic retinopathy, central or branch retinal vein occlusion, intraocular inflammation and following cataract extraction. This study was done to investigate the pattern of CME in patient attending Erbil Teaching Hospitals. This is a hospital base prospective study that included 61 patients (75 eyes) conducted at Erbil Teaching Hospital and Rigor Teaching Hospital for six months. All patients underwent a comprehensive assessment including medical and ophthalmic history and detailed ophthalmic examination including slit lamp examination, intraocular pressure measurement (IOP), Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), dilated fundus examination and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) examination. It was found that of the 61 patients 32 (52.5%) were females and 29 (47.5%) were males. The mean age (56.4±10.8) years. Out of the 75 eyes included in the study, 41 eyes (54.66%) had diabetic retinopathy, 10 (13.34%) eyes had CME following cataract operation (Irvine-Gass syndrome), 8 eyes (10.67%) had BRVO, 6 eyes (8%) were had CRVO, 5 eyes (6.66%) had Age related Macular Degeneration, 3 eyes (4%) with uveitis, and 2 (2.67%) had Retinitis Pigmentosa. The average macular thickness was (415.6± 107). It was concluded that diabetic retinopathy is the most common predictive factor of CME, followed by cataract surgery. CME is more severe in diabetic retinopathy, CRVO and after cataract surgery.
{"title":"Pattern of Cystoid Macular Edema in Erbil","authors":"Muhsen Al-jubouri, A. Joma","doi":"10.32441/kjps.03.01.p6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.03.01.p6","url":null,"abstract":"Cystoid Macular Edema (CME) in its various forms can be considered one of the leading causes of central vision loss in the developed world. It is not a disease itself, It represents a common pathologic sequel of the retina and occurs in a variety of pathological conditions such as, diabetic retinopathy, central or branch retinal vein occlusion, intraocular inflammation and following cataract extraction. This study was done to investigate the pattern of CME in patient attending Erbil Teaching Hospitals. This is a hospital base prospective study that included 61 patients (75 eyes) conducted at Erbil Teaching Hospital and Rigor Teaching Hospital for six months. All patients underwent a comprehensive assessment including medical and ophthalmic history and detailed ophthalmic examination including slit lamp examination, intraocular pressure measurement (IOP), Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), dilated fundus examination and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) examination. It was found that of the 61 patients 32 (52.5%) were females and 29 (47.5%) were males. The mean age (56.4±10.8) years. Out of the 75 eyes included in the study, 41 eyes (54.66%) had diabetic retinopathy, 10 (13.34%) eyes had CME following cataract operation (Irvine-Gass syndrome), 8 eyes (10.67%) had BRVO, 6 eyes (8%) were had CRVO, 5 eyes (6.66%) had Age related Macular Degeneration, 3 eyes (4%) with uveitis, and 2 (2.67%) had Retinitis Pigmentosa. The average macular thickness was (415.6± 107). It was concluded that diabetic retinopathy is the most common predictive factor of CME, followed by cataract surgery. CME is more severe in diabetic retinopathy, CRVO and after cataract surgery.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83479487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Gynecological cancers are group of cancers which occur in female reproductive tract. The corner stone in treating and eliminating this cancer depends mainly on early detection and perfect surgical staging of the disease. Objective: This study focuses on assessing the incidence, stage and treatment pattern of those cancers in Kirkuk city. Methods: A total of 100 females with cancer of gentelial tract were collected from Kirkuk Oncology Center in periods between 2016 November to 2018 August. Results: Most common types of gynecological cancer in this study were: uterine cancer 49%, Ovarian cancer 35%, cervix cancer 6%, GTN 8%, and vaginal cancer 2%. While, the peak age incidence were: uterine and vaginal cancer at age 50-59 years (73.5%, 50%) Ovarian cancer at age 40-49 years 42.9%, and cervix cancer at age 60-69 years 50%. Majority of cases operated by gynecological & obstetrician surgeons were about (62%), and nearly all of patients underwent TAH+BSSOO (92%) with only 2% of cases had PLND. A two years follow up shows recurrence rate of 32%, 28.6%, and 100% for each of uterine, ovaries, and cervical cancer consecutively. Conclusion: Gynecological cancer occurs in younger age group with relatively aggressive stage and high recurrence rate in Kirkuk city.
{"title":"Gynecological cancer: Evaluating of Most Prevailing Subtypes of the Disease with Highlighting their Management in Kirkuk City","authors":"A. Sedeeq, B. Ahmed","doi":"10.32441/kjps.03.01.p5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.03.01.p5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gynecological cancers are group of cancers which occur in female reproductive tract. The corner stone in treating and eliminating this cancer depends mainly on early detection and perfect surgical staging of the disease. Objective: This study focuses on assessing the incidence, stage and treatment pattern of those cancers in Kirkuk city. Methods: A total of 100 females with cancer of gentelial tract were collected from Kirkuk Oncology Center in periods between 2016 November to 2018 August. Results: Most common types of gynecological cancer in this study were: uterine cancer 49%, Ovarian cancer 35%, cervix cancer 6%, GTN 8%, and vaginal cancer 2%. While, the peak age incidence were: uterine and vaginal cancer at age 50-59 years (73.5%, 50%) Ovarian cancer at age 40-49 years 42.9%, and cervix cancer at age 60-69 years 50%. Majority of cases operated by gynecological & obstetrician surgeons were about (62%), and nearly all of patients underwent TAH+BSSOO (92%) with only 2% of cases had PLND. A two years follow up shows recurrence rate of 32%, 28.6%, and 100% for each of uterine, ovaries, and cervical cancer consecutively. Conclusion: Gynecological cancer occurs in younger age group with relatively aggressive stage and high recurrence rate in Kirkuk city.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76356841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study is to evaluate the seroprevalence of human herpes virus type 8 (HHV-8) in women with breast cancer. The study has been conduct in Kirkuk city for the period from January 1, 2019 to April 1, 2019 on 50 breast cancer women with age group 21-70 years. The study has also included 40 healthy women as control group. The study included the collection of 3 ml of venous blood for identification and measurement of IgG antibodies towards the HHV-8 by using ELISA technique (KomaBiotech, Co, USA). The study also included taking of full information from cases like living situation, age. The study showed that the maximum frequency of HHV-8 infection (34%) recorded among breast cancer women comparing with the control group (10%), with highly significant relation. The majority of breast cancer women with positive IgG were within the age group 51-60 (41.18%) and the lowest rate was in the age group 21-3 years. The study showed that the maximum frequency of HHV-8 infection in breast cancer women was found in women with 2 nd stage of breast cancer (58.83%) and the lowest rate was in the 1 st stage. The highest rate of HHV-8 infection in breast cancer women (76.47%) were with metastasis to neighbor lymph nodes while compared with 23.53% without metastasis while all breastt cancer women with HHV-8 negative were without metastasis. It has concluded that there was significant association between HHV-8 infection and occurrence of breast cancer and high rate of this infection has related to metastasis.
{"title":"Detection of Human Herpes virus 8 Antibodies in Women with Breast Cancer in Kirkuk city","authors":"A. Sulaiman, K. Rahed, T. Midhat","doi":"10.32441/kjps.03.02.p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.03.02.p1","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to evaluate the seroprevalence of human herpes virus type 8 (HHV-8) in women with breast cancer. The study has been conduct in Kirkuk city for the period from January 1, 2019 to April 1, 2019 on 50 breast cancer women with age group 21-70 years. The study has also included 40 healthy women as control group. The study included the collection of 3 ml of venous blood for identification and measurement of IgG antibodies towards the HHV-8 by using ELISA technique (KomaBiotech, Co, USA). The study also included taking of full information from cases like living situation, age. The study showed that the maximum frequency of HHV-8 infection (34%) recorded among breast cancer women comparing with the control group (10%), with highly significant relation. The majority of breast cancer women with positive IgG were within the age group 51-60 (41.18%) and the lowest rate was in the age group 21-3 years. The study showed that the maximum frequency of HHV-8 infection in breast cancer women was found in women with 2 nd stage of breast cancer (58.83%) and the lowest rate was in the 1 st stage. The highest rate of HHV-8 infection in breast cancer women (76.47%) were with metastasis to neighbor lymph nodes while compared with 23.53% without metastasis while all breastt cancer women with HHV-8 negative were without metastasis. It has concluded that there was significant association between HHV-8 infection and occurrence of breast cancer and high rate of this infection has related to metastasis.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80807733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract One of the most important oil derivatives in our time, which all the world seeks to obtain and produce a lot is lubricating oils, which are used for several important purposes and the most important is to keep the thermal engines from damage or collapse due to the phenomenon of friction of the moving parts mechanically at a high temperatures and pressure is relatively high as well as the wear phenomenon This research effort focuses on a comparative study of five types of mix crude Libyan oils (El-Feel Field, Al Wafa Field, Amina Field, Brega Field and Al-Sedra Field) for produced the lubricated oil experimentally . Test carried out on the production the lubrication oil by measuring the physical properties include: normal boiling point, pour point, specific gravity (Sp. gr.), standard density (API), dynamic viscosity , kinematics viscosity , Acentric factor and Watson factor (K or Kw). It’s found from the practical results of the production the lubricating oil from crude oil for atmospheric distillation of crude oil practically depends on measurement two physical properties very accurately Watson factor first and then the API. The results from the tests showed that, mix crude oil of Amena, El-Sedra and El-Feel fields suitable than others for production the lubricated oil at atmospheric and then use the vacuum distillation columns. Other results observation, that’s two others types are impossible to produce the lubricated oil. Also, the results observed that’s the useful mole percentage of lubricated oil cutoff has range very small from 2 to 17 % for these types of Libyan crude oils, this percentage will be increase when use vacuum distillation with added some additives materials. In addition, practical results have been found that not all the cutoff produced from atmospheric distillation within the range of temperatures between 370 and 550 oC are lubricating oils, but other compounds are oil derivatives suitable for different fuel depending on the chemical structure of these extracts. The final conclusion of this work is that any crude oil with a light Arabic class (has a relative density API less than 38 and a Kw lower than 12.1) is suitable for the production of lubricated oils from the crude oil. Keyword: physical properties of crude oil, lubricated oil, Libyan crude oil
{"title":"An experimentally investigate the effect of physical properties on the production of lubricating materials from crude oils","authors":"H. Al-Jewaree, Omar M.Ali","doi":"10.32441/kjps.03.01.p3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.03.01.p3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the most important oil derivatives in our time, which all the world seeks to obtain and produce a lot is lubricating oils, which are used for several important purposes and the most important is to keep the thermal engines from damage or collapse due to the phenomenon of friction of the moving parts mechanically at a high temperatures and pressure is relatively high as well as the wear phenomenon This research effort focuses on a comparative study of five types of mix crude Libyan oils (El-Feel Field, Al Wafa Field, Amina Field, Brega Field and Al-Sedra Field) for produced the lubricated oil experimentally . Test carried out on the production the lubrication oil by measuring the physical properties include: normal boiling point, pour point, specific gravity (Sp. gr.), standard density (API), dynamic viscosity , kinematics viscosity , Acentric factor and Watson factor (K or Kw). It’s found from the practical results of the production the lubricating oil from crude oil for atmospheric distillation of crude oil practically depends on measurement two physical properties very accurately Watson factor first and then the API. The results from the tests showed that, mix crude oil of Amena, El-Sedra and El-Feel fields suitable than others for production the lubricated oil at atmospheric and then use the vacuum distillation columns. Other results observation, that’s two others types are impossible to produce the lubricated oil. Also, the results observed that’s the useful mole percentage of lubricated oil cutoff has range very small from 2 to 17 % for these types of Libyan crude oils, this percentage will be increase when use vacuum distillation with added some additives materials. In addition, practical results have been found that not all the cutoff produced from atmospheric distillation within the range of temperatures between 370 and 550 oC are lubricating oils, but other compounds are oil derivatives suitable for different fuel depending on the chemical structure of these extracts. The final conclusion of this work is that any crude oil with a light Arabic class (has a relative density API less than 38 and a Kw lower than 12.1) is suitable for the production of lubricated oils from the crude oil. Keyword: physical properties of crude oil, lubricated oil, Libyan crude oil","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81426888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to investigate the effect of some types of oils and Surfactant factors on the production of carotenoids from the yeast of Rhodotorula glutinis. The results showed that the highest carotenoids were with Tween 80 with 2056. 53 micrograms / l followed by olive oil and coconut oil with a quantity of 1956.51 and 1947.45 μg / L respectively. The lowest values were with black seed oil at 1057.75 μg / L. As for sugar consumed was the highest values with olive oil as it was 24.475 g / l and the least with castor oil at 23.9672 g / l. In terms of efficiency of production was the highest production efficiency using coconut oil with a value of 89.285 μg / g followed by the treatment containing Tween 80, amounting to 86.725 microgram / g. The lowest percentage of carotenoids to the sugar consumed was with the use of black seed oil as it was 44.322 micrograms / gram. As for biomass, the highest values of coconut oil, sunflower and sweet almond were recorded at 10.60 g / l and the lowest was with the use of black seed oil as it reached 8.60 g / l. The pH values showed a sharp decrease in all treatments. The highest level was with black seed oil 2.62 and the lowest with olive oil 2.55. The pH value of the other treatments ranged between these values.
本研究旨在探讨几种油脂和表面活性剂因子对粘红酵母生产类胡萝卜素的影响。结果表明，Tween 80和2056的类胡萝卜素含量最高。其次是橄榄油和椰子油，分别为1956.51和1947.45 μg / l。黑籽油用量最低，为1057.75 g / l，橄榄油用量最高，为24.475 g / l，蓖麻油用量最低，为23.9672 g / l，生产效率最高的是椰子油，为89.285 g / g，其次是Tween 80处理。类胡萝卜素在食糖中所占比例最低的是黑籽油，为44.322微克/克。生物量方面，椰子油、葵花籽油和甜杏仁的生物量最高，为10.60 g / l，黑籽油的生物量最低，为8.60 g / l, pH值在各处理中均呈急剧下降趋势。黑籽油最高，为2.62，橄榄油最低，为2.55。其他处理的pH值介于这两个值之间。
{"title":"Effect of some types of oils and Surfactant factors on the production of carotenoids from the yeast of Rhodotorula glutinis.","authors":"A. Salih","doi":"10.32441/kjps.02.02.p20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.02.02.p20","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to investigate the effect of some types of oils and Surfactant factors on the production of carotenoids from the yeast of Rhodotorula glutinis. The results showed that the highest carotenoids were with Tween 80 with 2056. 53 micrograms / l followed by olive oil and coconut oil with a quantity of 1956.51 and 1947.45 μg / L respectively. The lowest values were with black seed oil at 1057.75 μg / L. As for sugar consumed was the highest values with olive oil as it was 24.475 g / l and the least with castor oil at 23.9672 g / l. In terms of efficiency of production was the highest production efficiency using coconut oil with a value of 89.285 μg / g followed by the treatment containing Tween 80, amounting to 86.725 microgram / g. The lowest percentage of carotenoids to the sugar consumed was with the use of black seed oil as it was 44.322 micrograms / gram. As for biomass, the highest values of coconut oil, sunflower and sweet almond were recorded at 10.60 g / l and the lowest was with the use of black seed oil as it reached 8.60 g / l. The pH values showed a sharp decrease in all treatments. The highest level was with black seed oil 2.62 and the lowest with olive oil 2.55. The pH value of the other treatments ranged between these values.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84014024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The potential of adaptive antennas to optimize the wireless network performance make it one of the promising technologies that can face the increased demand for wireless communications services with the limited available bandwidth. Adaptive antennas have the ability to steer their main lobe in the direction of interest and placing nulls in the direction of interference. This can result in co-channel interference minimization, maximizing Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) and then improve the receiver sensitivity. In this paper, the base-station sensitivity improvement and its effect on the mobile transmit power were investigated at different scenarios. Results show that using adaptive antenna yields in RF pollution reduction.
{"title":"Cellular Networks Pollution Reduction","authors":"Haider Easa, M. Wali, A. Sallomi","doi":"10.32441/kjps.02.02.p6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.02.02.p6","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of adaptive antennas to optimize the wireless network performance\u0000make it one of the promising technologies that can face the increased demand for wireless\u0000communications services with the limited available bandwidth. Adaptive antennas have the ability to steer their main lobe in the direction of interest and placing nulls in the direction of interference. This can result in co-channel interference minimization, maximizing Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) and then improve the receiver sensitivity.\u0000In this paper, the base-station sensitivity improvement and its effect on the mobile\u0000transmit power were investigated at different scenarios. Results show that using adaptive\u0000antenna yields in RF pollution reduction.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78100199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Khaleel, A. Al-Samarrai, Abdul-Hameed Hamoody, Ghassan Al-samarai
Two experiments were carried out during the summer season, 2016, in the green house / Department of Biology/Collage of Education, Samarra University, to evaluate the activity of three aqueous extract of leaves of Nerium (Nerium oleander L.),olives (Olea europaea .L) and castor (Ricinus communis.L), on control of tuber germination and growth of seedling of Cyperus rotundus L as an alternative for chemical pesticides. Experiments applied according to the complete randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. The experiments included two factors: the first factor plant species (three plant species),and the second factor concentration of plant extracts (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and their impact on germination rate and inhibition of seedling growth. The results of the first experiment recorded inhibition percentage reached (90%) at 5% and 10% from Nerium extracts compared with the same concentrations from Olive and Castor which, recorded inhibitory rate reached (30-40%) respectively. While the concentration of 2.5% was the lowest inhibition rates for germination ratio of all plant extracts under study. The second experiment showed effect of the Nerium extract at a concentration (10%) by recording completely inhibition ratio (100%), compared with the same concentrations of Castor and Olive extracts, which recorded the lowest mean growth inhibitory for all extracts. The results of the current study indicate the possibility of using natural products of plant origin as alternatives to chemical pesticides as one of the means of biological control in the management program agricultural sector with further studies of the future.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Efficacy of Some Plant Extracts as an\u0000Alternative to Chemical Weedicides in Controlling on\u0000Cyperus rotundus L","authors":"R. Khaleel, A. Al-Samarrai, Abdul-Hameed Hamoody, Ghassan Al-samarai","doi":"10.32441/kjps.02.02.p21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.02.02.p21","url":null,"abstract":"Two experiments were carried out during the summer season, 2016, in the green house /\u0000Department of Biology/Collage of Education, Samarra University, to evaluate the activity of three aqueous extract of leaves of Nerium (Nerium oleander L.),olives (Olea europaea .L) and castor (Ricinus communis.L), on control of tuber germination and growth of seedling of Cyperus rotundus L as an alternative for chemical pesticides. Experiments applied according to the complete randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. The experiments included two factors: the first factor plant species (three plant species),and the second factor concentration of plant extracts (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and their impact on germination rate and inhibition of seedling growth. The results of the first experiment recorded inhibition percentage reached (90%) at 5% and 10% from Nerium extracts compared with the same concentrations from Olive and Castor which, recorded inhibitory rate reached (30-40%) respectively. While the concentration of 2.5% was the lowest inhibition rates for germination ratio of all plant extracts under study. The second experiment showed effect of the Nerium extract at a concentration (10%) by recording completely inhibition ratio (100%), compared with the same concentrations of Castor and Olive extracts, which recorded the lowest mean growth inhibitory for all extracts. The results of the current study indicate the possibility of using natural products of plant origin as alternatives to chemical pesticides as one of the means of biological control in the management program agricultural sector with further studies of the\u0000future.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78522162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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