Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting最新文献

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Exploring Neurodiverse Collaboration Between Autistic and Non-autistic Adults in an Online Setting: A Pilot Study. 探索自闭症和非自闭症成人在网络环境中的神经多样性合作：一项试点研究。

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1177/10711813241260310

Manhua Wang, Megan Fok, Jisun Kim, Victoria Izaac, Caroline Byrd Hornburg, Angela Scarpa, Myounghoon Jeon, Sunwook Kim

Employment is an important aspect of independent adulthood, yet autistic adults typically face substantial barriers in the labor market, including high rates of un- and under-employment. To promote an inclusive workplace, the present study explored collaboration dynamics between autistic and non-autistic adults as they worked toward shared team goals in an online setting. We recruited nine dyads, including three dyads of non-autistic adults with an autistic adult (NA-AA), and six dyads of non-autistic adults (NA-NA). Our findings demonstrated that neurodiverse collaboration (autistic and non-autistic adults together) could lead to improved task efficiency at the group level and higher perceived team performance in individuals. However, in these collaborative settings, autistic adults reported higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress compared to their non-autistic partners. Our findings demonstrate the unique contributions that autistic adults may bring into the workplace and highlight the need to develop workplace technologies supporting their collaborative experiences.

就业是独立成人的一个重要方面，然而自闭症成年人在劳动力市场上通常面临着巨大的障碍，包括高失业率和低就业率。为了促进包容性的工作场所，本研究探讨了自闭症和非自闭症成年人在网络环境中为共同的团队目标而努力时的合作动态。我们招募了9对，包括3对非自闭症成年人和一个自闭症成年人（NA-AA），以及6对非自闭症成年人（NA-NA）。我们的研究结果表明，神经多样性合作（自闭症和非自闭症成年人一起）可以提高团队层面的任务效率，提高个人的团队绩效。然而，在这些合作环境中，自闭症成年人报告的抑郁、焦虑和压力水平高于非自闭症伴侣。我们的研究结果证明了自闭症成年人可能为工作场所带来的独特贡献，并强调了开发支持他们合作体验的工作场所技术的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the Relationship Between Drivers' Stationary Gaze Entropy and Situation Awareness in a Level-3 Automation Driving Simulation. 三级自动驾驶仿真中驾驶员静止注视熵与态势感知的关系研究

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1177/10711813241275910

Wen Ding, Yovela Murzello, Shi Cao, Siby Samuel

The transition period from automation to manual, known as the takeover process, presents challenges for drivers due to the deficiency in collecting requisite contextual information. The current study collected drivers' eye movement in a simulated takeover experiment, and their Situation Awareness (SA) was assessed using the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) method. The drivers' Stationary Gaze Entropy (SGE) was calculated based on the percentages of time they spent on six pre-defined Areas of Interests (AOIs). Three critical time windows were extracted by using the takeover alert time spot and the hazard perceived time spot. The result indicated that drivers with higher SAGAT scores would spread their attention among multiple AOIs. Also, drivers' SGE and SA have a linear relationship only at the last time window (hazard perceived to the end) wherein SGE potentially functions as an evaluative metric for assessing SA in the future.

从自动化到手动的过渡时期，也就是所谓的接管过程，由于缺乏收集必要的上下文信息，给司机带来了挑战。本研究在模拟接管实验中采集驾驶员眼动数据，采用态势感知全局评估技术（SAGAT）对驾驶员的态势感知（SA）进行评估。驾驶员的静止注视熵（SGE）是根据他们在六个预先定义的兴趣区域（aoi）上花费的时间百分比计算的。利用接管预警时间点和危险感知时间点分别提取了三个关键时间窗。结果表明，SAGAT得分较高的驾驶员会将注意力分散到多个aoi中。此外，驾驶员的SGE和SA仅在最后一个时间窗口（感知到的危险到最后）具有线性关系，其中SGE可能作为评估未来SA的评估指标。

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引用次数: 0

Task-Allocation Decisions of Human-UAS Collaboration: Effects of Workload, Trust, and Self-confidence. 人-无人机协作的任务分配决策：工作量、信任和自信的影响。

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1177/10711813241274652

Yining Elena Zhang, Jing Chen, Liang Sun, Bin Hu, Michael S Politowicz, Eric T Chancey

Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS) show promise in urban air transport, package delivery, and emergency services. UAS efficiency can be significantly improved by having multiple operators (m) managing a greater number of vehicles (N), or the m:N architecture of operation. The current study investigates how workload affects operators' task-allocation decision-making and the potential mediating effects of two crucial human factors, trust and self-confidence. In the context of a simulated UAS package-delivery task under the m:N architecture, two groups of participants with different levels of expertise in UAS operation will be recruited: UAS pilots and university students. Each participant will watch two sets of videos with different work-load manipulations and report their preferred task-allocation strategy for various subtasks. Measures of perceived workload, trust, and self-confidence will be conducted after each video session. Findings will inform optimizing task-allocation designs for UAS missions, considering operators' decision-making needs and expertise disparities.

无人驾驶航空系统（UAS）在城市航空运输、包裹递送和紧急服务方面显示出前景。通过让多个操作员(m)管理更多数量的车辆(N)，或者采用m:N的操作架构，可以显著提高无人机系统的效率。本研究探讨了工作负荷如何影响作业人员的任务分配决策，以及信任和自信这两个关键人为因素的潜在中介作用。在m:N架构下模拟UAS包裹递送任务的背景下，将招募两组具有不同UAS操作专业知识水平的参与者：UAS飞行员和大学生。每个参与者将观看两组不同工作负载操作的视频，并报告他们对不同子任务的首选任务分配策略。每次视频会议结束后，将进行感知工作量、信任和自信的测量。考虑到运营商的决策需求和专业知识差异，研究结果将为UAS任务的优化任务分配设计提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Is vitamin A an antioxidant? 维生素 A 是抗氧化剂吗？

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000752

Torsten Bohn, Volker Böhm, Joanna Dulińska-Litewka, Jean-Francois Landrier, Diána Bánáti, Omer Kucuk, Patrick Borel, Jose A Canas, Ralph Rühl

引用次数: 0

Investigating Human Physiological Responses to Work-Related Stress 研究人类对工作压力的生理反应

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting

Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1177/21695067231192596

Jimmy Uba, Joseph Nuamah

Studies have shown that work-related stress is one of the causes of employee burnout, fatigue, and cognitive dysfunction, among other negative effects. Physiological features have been used to investigate stress, but more knowledge is needed in understanding physiological indicators of work-related stress. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, no study is available that integrates both pupillometry and heart rate in investigating work-related stress. We, therefore, utilized task-evoked pupillary response (TEPR) from pupillometry and heart rate (HR), in the assessment of physiological responses of 32 subjects during the performance of Multi-Attribute Task Battery-II consisting of working baseline and stress conditions. A comparison of results of both conditions showed that TEPR and mean HR significantly increased during stress condition, as compared to working baseline condition. These results are attributed to the work related-stressors integrated in our study, thereby bolstering the applicability of heart rate and pupillometry in studies of work-related stress.

研究表明，工作压力是导致员工倦怠、疲劳和认知功能障碍等负面影响的原因之一。生理特征已被用于研究压力，但在了解工作压力的生理指标方面还需要更多的知识。此外，据我们所知，目前还没有将瞳孔测量和心率结合起来调查工作压力的研究。因此，我们利用瞳孔测量和心率(HR)的任务诱发瞳孔反应(TEPR)来评估32名受试者在工作基线和应激条件下执行多属性任务电池- ii时的生理反应。两种情况下的结果比较表明，在应激条件下，与工作基线条件相比，TEPR和平均HR显著增加。这些结果归因于我们研究中整合的与工作相关的压力源，从而增强了心率和瞳孔测量在工作压力研究中的适用性。

引用次数: 0

Phishing in Social Media: Investigating Training Techniques on Instagram Shop 社交媒体中的网络钓鱼:调查Instagram商店的培训技术

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting

Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1177/21695067231192588

Katherine R. Garcia, Jeremiah Ammons, Xiangrui Xu, Jing Chen

As new communication technologies emerge, social media continues to grow rapidly and falls into users' hands. However, social media also brings new forms of phishing attacks compared to conventional email phishing and desires new forms of anti-phishing intervention including user training. To tackle this problem, we investigated the efficacy of current email training techniques for phishing scams on Instagram Shop advertisements. Participants were tasked to rate how likely they would recommend an office product in Instagram Shop to their boss based on how legitimate the advertisement (ad) appeared. Our results indicated that shoppers’ experience with Instagram influenced their ability to distinguish between phishing and legitimate ads. However, more-frequent Instagram users did not have a decreased susceptibility to phishing than less-frequent users, and the current training techniques had no effect on participants’ ratings of phishing and legitimate ads. Future studies may explore other training methods, such as including feedback to participants.

随着新的通信技术的出现，社交媒体继续快速发展，并落入用户手中。然而，与传统的电子邮件网络钓鱼相比，社交媒体也带来了新的网络钓鱼攻击形式，并需要新的反网络钓鱼干预形式，包括用户培训。为了解决这个问题，我们调查了目前针对Instagram商店广告的网络钓鱼诈骗的电子邮件培训技术的效果。参与者的任务是根据广告出现的合法性来评估他们向老板推荐Instagram商店中办公产品的可能性。我们的研究结果表明，购物者使用Instagram的经历影响了他们区分网络钓鱼和合法广告的能力。然而，频繁使用Instagram的用户对网络钓鱼的敏感性并不比不频繁使用Instagram的用户低，目前的培训技术对参与者对网络钓鱼和合法广告的评级没有影响。未来的研究可能会探索其他培训方法，例如向参与者提供反馈。

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引用次数: 0

Factor Analysis of a Generalized Video Game Experience Measure 广义电子游戏体验测量的因素分析

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting

Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1177/21695067231192224

Jessica Williams, Rhyse Bendell, Stephen M. Fiore, Florian Jentsch

Video gaming experience has been found to impact behavior and performance on experimental tasks, can influence cognitive processes, and may even transfer to proficiency in novel tasks. There is a growing need for an empirically validated generalizable tool that can capture differences in participants gaming experience due to the growing representation of regular video gamers, and the proliferation of gamified, simulated task environments. The analyses reported here examine the factor loadings of a general Video Game Experience Measure (VGEM) designed to tap facets of gaming experience that can distinguish non-gamers from gamers and is also sensitive to varying levels of proficiency. Results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses find support for a five-factor model capturing: Game-skill Confidence, Gaming Lifespan, Gaming Intensity, Gaming Frequency, and Gamer Self-efficacy. These findings are discussed in the context of how the VGEM can support research using gamified task environments requiring the study of cognition and collaboration.

人们发现，电子游戏体验会影响实验任务中的行为和表现，影响认知过程，甚至可能影响对新任务的熟练程度。由于普通电子游戏玩家的不断增加，以及游戏化、模拟任务环境的扩散，我们越来越需要一种经验验证的可推广工具来捕捉参与者游戏体验的差异。本文的分析报告检查了通用电子游戏体验测量(VGEM)的因素负载，该测量旨在挖掘游戏体验的各个方面，可以区分非玩家和玩家，并且对不同的熟练程度也很敏感。探索性和验证性因素分析的结果发现了一个五因素模型的支持:游戏技能自信、游戏寿命、游戏强度、游戏频率和玩家自我效能。这些发现是在VGEM如何支持需要研究认知和协作的游戏化任务环境的研究的背景下讨论的。

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引用次数: 0

A Completion Rate Conundrum: Reducing bias in the Single Usability Metric 完成率难题:减少单一可用性度量的偏差

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting

Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/21695067231194328

Carl J. Pearson

In the Single Usability Metric benchmarking method, the calculation of completion rates creates a bias for completion rates by ignoring the z-score transform that is conducted for satisfaction and time-on-task measures. This artificially inflates all ‘good’ scores and marks some ‘poor’ scores as ‘good’. This paper discusses two methods to augment the SUM so that it will accurately calculate completion rates into the final SUM score.

在单一可用性度量基准方法中，完成率的计算通过忽略满意度和任务完成时间度量的z-score转换而产生完成率偏差。这人为地夸大了所有的“好”分数，并将一些“差”分数标记为“好”分数。本文讨论了两种增加SUM的方法，使其能够准确地将完成率计算到最终的SUM分数中。

引用次数: 0

Format Readability Enhancing In Basic Mathematical Operations 在基本数学运算中提高格式可读性

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting

Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/21695067231199682

Caterina B Azzarello, Dave B Miller, Ben D Sawyer, Joanna E Lewis

Individuated font selection, which can increase text reading speed, may be able to increase mathematical expression reading speed and influence reasoning accuracy. To investigate whether the same font that increases a participant’s reading speed enhances mathematical reading, we compared their speed in evaluating mathematical expressions as true or false presented in their fastest reading font as determined by empirical test and with a control font, Times Roman. Participants were faster in completing mathematical problems when using typography selected for individual readability, but no difference occurred in task accuracy, matching patterns previously seen in interlude reading. Future research should assess the impact of elements of time pressure, math complexity, numeric versus text-based questions, and associated math anxiety.

个性化字体的选择，可以提高文本阅读速度，可能会提高数学表达式的阅读速度，影响推理的准确性。为了研究提高阅读速度的字体是否能提高参与者的数学阅读速度，我们比较了他们用经验测试确定的最快阅读字体和对照字体Times Roman来评估数学表达式的正确或错误的速度。当参与者使用个人可读性选择的排版时，他们完成数学问题的速度更快，但在任务准确性上没有出现差异，这与之前在间歇阅读中看到的模式相符。未来的研究应该评估时间压力、数学复杂性、基于数字的问题与基于文本的问题以及相关的数学焦虑等因素的影响。

引用次数: 0

The Effects of Variable Tension Forces on Exoskeletons’ Effectiveness 可变张力对外骨骼效能的影响

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting

Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1177/21695067231192533

Joseph Yun-Ming Kim, Richard Stone, M. Susan Hallbeck, Hamid Norasi

Exoskeletons are ergonomic devices that can support workers to improve performance and worker safety. This study created an apparatus that simulated a head-and-neck exoskeleton designed for surgeons to test the effects of varying tension forces on muscle activation (splenius capitis, splenius cervices, and erector spinae), body part discomfort, dexterity, cognition, and overall usability of the device. Eight participants were involved in twelve trials over two days and held static postures (looking down at 45° or 90°) for 20 minutes with 10-minute breaks between trials. Six trials utilized tension forces, which were recorded every two minutes and then averaged for each trial. A bivariate regression analysis ( on each metric vs. average tension forces demonstrated that increasing tension forces led to decreased muscle activity of the left splenius capitis, change in general body pain, change in neck discomfort, and the rate of discomfort developing, and improved usability scores.

外骨骼是符合人体工程学的设备，可以帮助工人提高性能和工人的安全。本研究创建了一个模拟头颈外骨骼的装置，为外科医生设计，以测试不同张力对肌肉激活(头脾肌、颈脾肌和竖脊肌)、身体部位不适、灵活性、认知和设备的整体可用性的影响。8名参与者参加了为期两天的12次试验，并保持静态姿势(向下看45°或90°)20分钟，两次试验之间休息10分钟。六次试验使用张力，每两分钟记录一次，然后为每次试验取平均值。双变量回归分析(每个指标与平均张力的对比)表明，张力的增加导致左头脾肌肉活动的减少，全身疼痛的变化，颈部不适的变化，以及不适发展的速度的变化，并提高了可用性得分。

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全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

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Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting

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