Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.1177/21695067231192892
Michael C. Dorneich, Stephen Gilbert, Rick F. Francis, Mitchell Talyat, Elmin Didic
Team skill metrics were operationalized by translating team constructs to metrics based on observable behaviors. As human coordination with autonomous agents turns to collaboration, humans may increasingly view agents as teammates. This transition will require agents to possess team skills and necessitate appropriate metrics for measuring team skills across human-agent and human-human teams. Thirty-eight teaming metrics were developed across five stages of teaming: preparation, execution, evaluation, adjustment, and team chemistry. Behaviors from 78 multiplayer gameplay videos were coded to establish which metrics could be measured via observable behaviors. An exploratory assessment demonstrated that the metrics captured teaming differences in team composition (human-human teams vs. human-agent teams) and three levels of team expertise. Results suggest that these team skill metrics could aid agent designers in anticipating the team dynamics of humans working with their agents.
{"title":"Team Skill Metrics that Span Human-Human and Human-Agent Teams: An Initial Assessment","authors":"Michael C. Dorneich, Stephen Gilbert, Rick F. Francis, Mitchell Talyat, Elmin Didic","doi":"10.1177/21695067231192892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231192892","url":null,"abstract":"Team skill metrics were operationalized by translating team constructs to metrics based on observable behaviors. As human coordination with autonomous agents turns to collaboration, humans may increasingly view agents as teammates. This transition will require agents to possess team skills and necessitate appropriate metrics for measuring team skills across human-agent and human-human teams. Thirty-eight teaming metrics were developed across five stages of teaming: preparation, execution, evaluation, adjustment, and team chemistry. Behaviors from 78 multiplayer gameplay videos were coded to establish which metrics could be measured via observable behaviors. An exploratory assessment demonstrated that the metrics captured teaming differences in team composition (human-human teams vs. human-agent teams) and three levels of team expertise. Results suggest that these team skill metrics could aid agent designers in anticipating the team dynamics of humans working with their agents.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136381318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1177/21695067231200876
Maureen Namukasa, Meredith Carroll, Bhoomin B Chauhan, Vivek Sharma, Kendall Carmody, Donna Wilt
The emergence of Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) has seen the design of new electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft that will be utilized to serve the AAM market and associated use cases. Before operations commence, aircraft manufacturers must obtain a government-issued type certificate proving that the new aircraft meets prescribed safety levels. Human factors is an important aspect of AAM certification as the proposed designs have significant changes to how pilots will interact with the aircraft. Published certification standards create an opportunity for human factors researchers to generate meaningful ties between the research being conducted in their laboratories and the work being conducted in the industry to prove the effectiveness and safety of AAM systems. To facilitate this, the current effort identified human factors language used in the certification documents that is related to information processing on the flight deck and relevant to AAM aircraft. This language was then mapped to constructs and associated measures studied in the literature. This mapping can serve as a guide for human factors researchers to ensure the relevancy of the research being conducted for this emerging domain.
{"title":"Key Constructs, Measures, and Considerations for Human Factors Researchers in the Advanced Air Mobility Domain","authors":"Maureen Namukasa, Meredith Carroll, Bhoomin B Chauhan, Vivek Sharma, Kendall Carmody, Donna Wilt","doi":"10.1177/21695067231200876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231200876","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) has seen the design of new electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft that will be utilized to serve the AAM market and associated use cases. Before operations commence, aircraft manufacturers must obtain a government-issued type certificate proving that the new aircraft meets prescribed safety levels. Human factors is an important aspect of AAM certification as the proposed designs have significant changes to how pilots will interact with the aircraft. Published certification standards create an opportunity for human factors researchers to generate meaningful ties between the research being conducted in their laboratories and the work being conducted in the industry to prove the effectiveness and safety of AAM systems. To facilitate this, the current effort identified human factors language used in the certification documents that is related to information processing on the flight deck and relevant to AAM aircraft. This language was then mapped to constructs and associated measures studied in the literature. This mapping can serve as a guide for human factors researchers to ensure the relevancy of the research being conducted for this emerging domain.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"14 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1177/21695067231192433
Yong-Ku Kong, Sang-Soo Park, Jin-Woo Shim, Kyeong-Hee Choi, Hyun-Ho Shim, Kiana Kia, Jeong Ho Kim
This study determined whether a passive shoulder-support exoskeleton would reduce biomechanical load in the shoulders during augmented reality (AR) interactions. Twenty participants were recruited to a repeated-measures laboratory study to perform AR tasks with and without a shoulder-support exoskeleton. The AR tasks consisted of two standardized tasks (omni-directional pointing and cube placing task). Shoulder muscle activity, postures, discomfort, and task performance (i.e., completion time) were measured during the experimental sessions. The result showed that the shoulder muscle activity (trapezius and deltoid muscles) and subjective shoulder discomfort were significantly lower with the exoskeleton compared to the no-exoskeleton condition (p < 0.05). The shoulder posture data showed that the exoskeleton use increased the 50th percentile of the shoulder flexion (p = 0.02). In contrast, the exoskeleton had limited effects on task performance (p > 0.83). These results suggested that a shoulder-support exoskeleton may have potential to reduce shoulder strain during AR interactions.
{"title":"Effects of a Shoulder-support Exoskeleton on Shoulder Strain during Augmented Reality Interactions","authors":"Yong-Ku Kong, Sang-Soo Park, Jin-Woo Shim, Kyeong-Hee Choi, Hyun-Ho Shim, Kiana Kia, Jeong Ho Kim","doi":"10.1177/21695067231192433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231192433","url":null,"abstract":"This study determined whether a passive shoulder-support exoskeleton would reduce biomechanical load in the shoulders during augmented reality (AR) interactions. Twenty participants were recruited to a repeated-measures laboratory study to perform AR tasks with and without a shoulder-support exoskeleton. The AR tasks consisted of two standardized tasks (omni-directional pointing and cube placing task). Shoulder muscle activity, postures, discomfort, and task performance (i.e., completion time) were measured during the experimental sessions. The result showed that the shoulder muscle activity (trapezius and deltoid muscles) and subjective shoulder discomfort were significantly lower with the exoskeleton compared to the no-exoskeleton condition (p < 0.05). The shoulder posture data showed that the exoskeleton use increased the 50th percentile of the shoulder flexion (p = 0.02). In contrast, the exoskeleton had limited effects on task performance (p > 0.83). These results suggested that a shoulder-support exoskeleton may have potential to reduce shoulder strain during AR interactions.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"43 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1177/21695067231192886
Scotty D. Craig, Jim Goodell, Erin Czerwinski, Jodi Lis, Rod D. Roscoe
This panel will focus on the emerging area of Learning Engineering. Learning Engineering is a transdisciplinary area focusing on the systematic application of evidence-based principles from science of learning disciplines to create effective learning experiences, addressing the challenges of learners. During the panel, examples of Learning Engineering will be presented of interest to anyone within human factors and ergonomics with interest in education, training, or usability/design science. The panel will represent experience from both academia and industry. The goal of this panel is to foster dialog between the IEEE Industry Connections Industry Consortium on Learning Engineering (ICICLE) and HFES members in the hope of increasing knowledge of Learning Engineering and creating ties between the two organizations.
{"title":"Learning Engineering Perspectives for Supporting Educational Systems","authors":"Scotty D. Craig, Jim Goodell, Erin Czerwinski, Jodi Lis, Rod D. Roscoe","doi":"10.1177/21695067231192886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231192886","url":null,"abstract":"This panel will focus on the emerging area of Learning Engineering. Learning Engineering is a transdisciplinary area focusing on the systematic application of evidence-based principles from science of learning disciplines to create effective learning experiences, addressing the challenges of learners. During the panel, examples of Learning Engineering will be presented of interest to anyone within human factors and ergonomics with interest in education, training, or usability/design science. The panel will represent experience from both academia and industry. The goal of this panel is to foster dialog between the IEEE Industry Connections Industry Consortium on Learning Engineering (ICICLE) and HFES members in the hope of increasing knowledge of Learning Engineering and creating ties between the two organizations.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"30 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1177/21695067231199690
Theresa Parker, Robert Henning
Efforts to optimize automated alarm systems have introduced the use of supplementary graphical proactive monitoring displays (GPMDs) that promote salient deviation detection alongside alarms. This study proposes the incorporation of newer, adaptable automation techniques, which afford operators control over an automated alarm’s reliability, in combination with GPMDs to further optimize these systems. A 2 (choice in reliability) x 2 (supplementary display) case-control match design was used to examine effects on task performance, operator mood, trust in automation, and subjective workload using an open-source version of the NASA Multi-Attribute Task Battery (OpenMATB). Results indicate that experimental participants rated the automation significantly higher on a trust in automation subscale than those in the control group. Few negative findings indicate it would be worthwhile to continue investigating the proposed system adaptations to determine if there are benefits to be gained from their application in realworld scenarios where risk of failure is especially dangerous.
{"title":"Optimizing Automated Alarm Systems Through the Integration of Operator Preferences and Proactive Monitoring: Initial Testing","authors":"Theresa Parker, Robert Henning","doi":"10.1177/21695067231199690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231199690","url":null,"abstract":"Efforts to optimize automated alarm systems have introduced the use of supplementary graphical proactive monitoring displays (GPMDs) that promote salient deviation detection alongside alarms. This study proposes the incorporation of newer, adaptable automation techniques, which afford operators control over an automated alarm’s reliability, in combination with GPMDs to further optimize these systems. A 2 (choice in reliability) x 2 (supplementary display) case-control match design was used to examine effects on task performance, operator mood, trust in automation, and subjective workload using an open-source version of the NASA Multi-Attribute Task Battery (OpenMATB). Results indicate that experimental participants rated the automation significantly higher on a trust in automation subscale than those in the control group. Few negative findings indicate it would be worthwhile to continue investigating the proposed system adaptations to determine if there are benefits to be gained from their application in realworld scenarios where risk of failure is especially dangerous.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135113012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1177/21695067231199687
M. Fehmi Capanoglu, Menekse S. Barim, Richard F. Sesek, Robert M. Sesek, Mark C. Schall, Sean Gallagher
The Lifting Fatigue Failure Tool (LiFFT) is an ergonomic assessment tool based on fatigue failure theory that uses the lower back load moment to evaluate the risk associated with multi-task jobs involving manual lifting. The current LiFFT tool does not account for the moment associated with flexing the lifter's torso. This study explores the incorporation of torso flexion into the LiFFT model while maintaining the relative simplicity of the original LiFFT tool. Automotive manufacturing workers (n=607) performing various tasks were included in the study. Non-manual material handling (MMH) tasks with no MMH load moment were considered "zero" risk. The moment associated with trunk flexion was considered if a worker flexed at the torso during non-MMH assembly tasks. The torso moment from bending was computed using the "average" worker height and weight for the data set used in this study. The proposed model yielded higher odds ratios than the original model.
{"title":"Exploring the Addition of Torso Flexion to the LIFFT Analysis Tool","authors":"M. Fehmi Capanoglu, Menekse S. Barim, Richard F. Sesek, Robert M. Sesek, Mark C. Schall, Sean Gallagher","doi":"10.1177/21695067231199687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231199687","url":null,"abstract":"The Lifting Fatigue Failure Tool (LiFFT) is an ergonomic assessment tool based on fatigue failure theory that uses the lower back load moment to evaluate the risk associated with multi-task jobs involving manual lifting. The current LiFFT tool does not account for the moment associated with flexing the lifter's torso. This study explores the incorporation of torso flexion into the LiFFT model while maintaining the relative simplicity of the original LiFFT tool. Automotive manufacturing workers (n=607) performing various tasks were included in the study. Non-manual material handling (MMH) tasks with no MMH load moment were considered \"zero\" risk. The moment associated with trunk flexion was considered if a worker flexed at the torso during non-MMH assembly tasks. The torso moment from bending was computed using the \"average\" worker height and weight for the data set used in this study. The proposed model yielded higher odds ratios than the original model.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"31 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135113079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1177/21695067231193673
Tianzi Wang, Nathan Lau
For human autonomy teaming, information for promoting transparency could lead to information overload, negatively impacting performance and workload. This paper presents an empirical study investigating how different level of details (LODs) about the autonomy represented on the user interface would influence speed, accuracy, and workload. Specifically, we compared visualizations of a lost person model at four different LODs to aid in directing human and unmanned aerial vehicles searchers in search and rescue missions. The lowest LOD was found to support higher accuracy but at the expense of speed. The highest LOD induced the highest workload, while the other three LODs induced lower and similar levels of workload. The results indicate that the LOD in transparent displays could induce a speed and accuracy tradeoff.
{"title":"Level of detail in visualization for human autonomy teaming: Speed, accuracy, and workload effects","authors":"Tianzi Wang, Nathan Lau","doi":"10.1177/21695067231193673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231193673","url":null,"abstract":"For human autonomy teaming, information for promoting transparency could lead to information overload, negatively impacting performance and workload. This paper presents an empirical study investigating how different level of details (LODs) about the autonomy represented on the user interface would influence speed, accuracy, and workload. Specifically, we compared visualizations of a lost person model at four different LODs to aid in directing human and unmanned aerial vehicles searchers in search and rescue missions. The lowest LOD was found to support higher accuracy but at the expense of speed. The highest LOD induced the highest workload, while the other three LODs induced lower and similar levels of workload. The results indicate that the LOD in transparent displays could induce a speed and accuracy tradeoff.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"32 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135113376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1177/21695067231200873
Amjad A Ramahi, Fadi Fathallah, Thomas Jue
Ligaments play a crucial role in the musculoskeletal system. When maximal and sub-maximal ligamentous injury occur, a cascading response is initiated, starting with platelet plug formation and ending with remodeling. A rodent model was used to examine the role of modulating the initial recruitment of platelets and their impact on biochemical, histological, functional, and mechanical material properties. Functional gait testing, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), histological evaluations, and material property testing were performed. Animals (n=150) were randomized to a no-treatment group, a platelet rich fibrin treatment group and, a Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSIAD) treatment group. Initial results show that antiinflammatory drugs slow gait functional recovery; whereas, PRF shows faster functional recovery. PRF shows a faster increase in VEGF, and NSAIDs slows down VEGF and reduced its intensity. Evaluating injury recovery and impact of treatment methods, in both occupational and sports settings, provides insights about the healing response.
{"title":"Biochemical and Physiological Dynamics in Ligament Injury & Healing","authors":"Amjad A Ramahi, Fadi Fathallah, Thomas Jue","doi":"10.1177/21695067231200873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231200873","url":null,"abstract":"Ligaments play a crucial role in the musculoskeletal system. When maximal and sub-maximal ligamentous injury occur, a cascading response is initiated, starting with platelet plug formation and ending with remodeling. A rodent model was used to examine the role of modulating the initial recruitment of platelets and their impact on biochemical, histological, functional, and mechanical material properties. Functional gait testing, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), histological evaluations, and material property testing were performed. Animals (n=150) were randomized to a no-treatment group, a platelet rich fibrin treatment group and, a Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSIAD) treatment group. Initial results show that antiinflammatory drugs slow gait functional recovery; whereas, PRF shows faster functional recovery. PRF shows a faster increase in VEGF, and NSAIDs slows down VEGF and reduced its intensity. Evaluating injury recovery and impact of treatment methods, in both occupational and sports settings, provides insights about the healing response.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"14 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135170647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A key potential advantage of modern training technologies relates to the ability to use them to automate aspects of training. Although in the early stages of adoption within the aviation industry, artificial intelligence (AI) tools and methods have many promises for training design, development, delivery, and assessment. We applied the use-case technology-mapping framework (UCTM) to identify and analyze how automation and AI technologies may be used within the flightcrew training design pipeline, integrating perspectives from relevant literature, informal discussions with stakeholders, and workshops with domain experts. Our preliminary findings highlight current/near-future applications of AI methods and tools in the training design pipeline. Here, we discuss ethical/legal, technical, and practical considerations for flightcrew training. We urge practitioners and researchers in the aviation human factors community to engage in this discussion and to conduct empirical research that will allow for a positive use of the technology across applications, including in aviation training. Practical Takeaways/Applications. • We present a wide range of potential use cases of AI in flightcrew training. • We discuss the ethical/legal, technical, and practical implications of automation and AI. • This information may inform future training processes and practices in the aviation domain.
{"title":"Using AI Tools to Develop Training Materials for Aviation: Ethical, Technical, and Practical Concerns","authors":"Blake Nguyen, Nathan Sonnenfeld, Lindsay Finkelstein, Alex Alonso, Caroline Gomez, Fiona Duruaku, Florian Jentsch","doi":"10.1177/21695067231192904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231192904","url":null,"abstract":"A key potential advantage of modern training technologies relates to the ability to use them to automate aspects of training. Although in the early stages of adoption within the aviation industry, artificial intelligence (AI) tools and methods have many promises for training design, development, delivery, and assessment. We applied the use-case technology-mapping framework (UCTM) to identify and analyze how automation and AI technologies may be used within the flightcrew training design pipeline, integrating perspectives from relevant literature, informal discussions with stakeholders, and workshops with domain experts. Our preliminary findings highlight current/near-future applications of AI methods and tools in the training design pipeline. Here, we discuss ethical/legal, technical, and practical considerations for flightcrew training. We urge practitioners and researchers in the aviation human factors community to engage in this discussion and to conduct empirical research that will allow for a positive use of the technology across applications, including in aviation training. Practical Takeaways/Applications. • We present a wide range of potential use cases of AI in flightcrew training. • We discuss the ethical/legal, technical, and practical implications of automation and AI. • This information may inform future training processes and practices in the aviation domain.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"13 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1177/21695067231192615
Amelia C. Warden, Christopher D. Wickens, Benjamin A. Clegg, Francisco R. Ortega
The amount and color of overlay clutter can impede focusing attention on one layer of information from multiple sources, and influence dividing attention when comparing across layers. The current experiment examined the effect of information access effort and color commonality of overlay clutter on performance. Participants viewed maps with two domains of information that were either overlaid, adjacent, or separated, and answered questions about either both domains (integration) or one domain (focused attention). The overlaid information was either similar (green) or dissimilar (red) in color relative to the background. Overlaid displays benefited integration tasks but imposed a cost to focused attention tasks for accuracy but not response time. Increased display separation did not impose performance costs. Computational models account for some costs of clutter in overlay displays but the color similarity between databases also contributes to cost and benefits of overlay in a fashion not currently considered by such models.
{"title":"Effects of Color Commonality of Overlay Clutter and Information Access Effort on Tasks Requiring Visual Search","authors":"Amelia C. Warden, Christopher D. Wickens, Benjamin A. Clegg, Francisco R. Ortega","doi":"10.1177/21695067231192615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231192615","url":null,"abstract":"The amount and color of overlay clutter can impede focusing attention on one layer of information from multiple sources, and influence dividing attention when comparing across layers. The current experiment examined the effect of information access effort and color commonality of overlay clutter on performance. Participants viewed maps with two domains of information that were either overlaid, adjacent, or separated, and answered questions about either both domains (integration) or one domain (focused attention). The overlaid information was either similar (green) or dissimilar (red) in color relative to the background. Overlaid displays benefited integration tasks but imposed a cost to focused attention tasks for accuracy but not response time. Increased display separation did not impose performance costs. Computational models account for some costs of clutter in overlay displays but the color similarity between databases also contributes to cost and benefits of overlay in a fashion not currently considered by such models.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135113015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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