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Current trends and emerging themes in utilizing artificial intelligence to enhance anatomical diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in radiotherapy.
IF 5 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/adc85e
Salvatore Pezzino, Tonia Luca, Mariacarla Castorina, Stefano Puleo, Sergio Castorina

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) incorporation into healthcare has proven revolutionary, especially in radiotherapy, where accuracy is critical. The purpose of the study is to present patterns and develop topics in the application of AI to improve the precision of anatomical diagnosis, delineation of organs, and therapeutic effectiveness in radiation and radiological imaging.

Methods: We performed a bibliometric analysis of scholarly articles in the fields starting in 2014. Through an examination of research output from key contributing nations and institutions, an analysis of notable research subjects, and an investigation of trends in scientific terminology pertaining to artificial intelligence in radiology and radiotherapy. Furthermore, we examined software solutions based on artificial intelligence in these domains, with a specific emphasis on extracting anatomical features and recognizing organs for the purpose of treatment planning.

Results: Our investigation found a significant surge in papers pertaining to artificial intelligence in the fields since 2014. Institutions such as Emory University and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center made substantial contributions to the development of the United States and China as leading research-producing nations. Key study areas encompassed adaptive radiation informed by anatomical alterations, MR-Linac for enhanced vision of soft tissues, and multi-organ segmentation for accurate planning of radiotherapy. An evident increase in the frequency of phrases such as "radiomics," "radiotherapy segmentation," and "dosiomics" was noted. The evaluation of AI-based software revealed a wide range of uses in several subdisciplinary fields of radiation and radiology, particularly in improving the identification of anatomical features for treatment planning and identifying organs at risk.

Conclusions: The incorporation of AI in anatomical diagnosis in radiological imaging and radiotherapy is progressing rapidly, with substantial capacity to transform the precision of diagnoses and the effectiveness of treatment planning.

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引用次数: 0
Dynamic mechanical cell actuation techniques: a comprehensive comparison.
IF 5 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/adbcec
Roel Kooi, Emmie J D Schoutens, Oscar M J A Stassen, Jan de Boer, Jaap M J den Toonder

Mechanical forces of various kinds and magnitudes are crucial to cell and tissue development. At the cell level, mechanotransduction refers to the processes that turn mechanical triggers into a biochemical response. Just like most biological processes, many of these mechanical forces are not static but change dynamically over time. Therefore, to further our fundamental understanding of dynamic mechanotransduction, it is paramount that we have a good toolbox available to specifically trigger and analyze every step of the way from force to phenotype. While many individual studies have described such tools, to our knowledge, a comprehensive overview providing guidance on which tool to use to address specific questions is still lacking. Thus, with this review, we aim to provide an overview and comparison of available dynamic cell stimulation techniques. To this end, we describe the existing experimental techniques, highlighting and comparing their strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, we provide a one-glance overview of the niches of mechanical stimulation occupied by the different approaches. We finish our review with an outlook on some techniques that could potentially be added to the toolbox in the future. This review can be relevant and interesting for a broad audience, from engineers developing the tools, to biologists and medical researchers utilizing the tools to answer their questions, or to raise new ones.

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引用次数: 0
Extrusion bioprinting: meeting the promise of human tissue biofabrication? 挤压生物打印:实现人体组织生物制造的承诺?
IF 5 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/adb254
Ian Holland

Extrusion is the most popular bioprinting platform. Predictions of human tissue and whole-organ printing have been made for the technology. However, after decades of development, extruded constructs lack the essential microscale resolution and heterogeneity observed in most human tissues. Extrusion bioprinting has had little clinical impact with the majority of research directed away from the tissues most needed by patients. The distance between promise and reality is a result of technology hype and inherent design flaws that limit the shape, scale and survival of extruded features. By more widely adopting resolution innovations and softening its ambitions the biofabrication field could define a future for extrusion bioprinting that more closely aligns with its capabilities.

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引用次数: 0
Systematic review on visual aid technologies for surgical assistant robotic devices.
IF 5 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/adba20
Karen Jazmín Mendoza-Bautista, L Abril Torres-Mendez, Isaac Chairez

This review comprehensively analyzes the modern literature on including visual aids in diverse surgical assistant robotic systems. The review considered a deep analysis of diverse technical and scientific sources that provide precise information on how the more recent surgical systems, especially those considering robotic devices, perform automatic operations on patients. The search procedure and the corresponding analytics considered only those conditions where vision systems played a significant role in the surgical procedure, despite the type of end-effector and if only position or force were used as part of the feedback analysis. This review is organized considering the robot configuration, the type of end-effector, the vision systems considered for those cases, and the associated control actions, which must include the acquired image or video. The study analyzes the key contributions of the published cases. It provides a critical description of the advantages and shortcomings of the technological implementation of vision systems in surgical robotic devices. Finally, this review provides a general prospective view of ongoing research on vision aids for surgical robotic systems, which will become an ordinary actor in future surgical systems.

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引用次数: 0
Application of polydopamine as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory materials.
IF 5 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/adb81d
Yi Liu, Baixue Li, Chuan Yi, Xin Chen, Xiaolin Yu

Polydopamine (PDA), as a material mimicking the adhesive proteins of mussels in nature, has emerged as a strong candidate for developing novel antibacterial and anti-inflammatory materials due to its outstanding biomimetic adhesion, effective photothermal conversion, excellent biocompatibility and antioxidant capabilities. This review discussed in detail the intricate structure and polymerization principles of PDA, elucidated its mechanisms in combating bacterial infections and inflammation, as well as explored the innovative use of PDA-based composite materials for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory applications. By providing an in-depth analysis of PDA's capabilities and future research directions, this review addresses a crucial need for safer, more effective, and controllable antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory strategies, which aim to contribute to the development of advanced materials that can significantly impact public health.

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引用次数: 0
Advancing vaccine development in genomic era: a paradigm shift in vaccine discovery.
IF 5 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/adb2c8
Miraj Ud Din, Xiaohui Liu, Hui Jiang, Sajjad Ahmad, Lai Xiangdong, Xuemei Wang

The issue of antibiotic resistance is increasing with time because of the quick rise of microbial strains. Overuse of antibiotics has led to multidrug-resistant, pan-drug-resistant, and extensively drug-resistant bacterial strains, which have worsened the situation. Different techniques have been considered and applied to combat this issue, such as developing new antibiotics, practicing antibiotic stewardship, improving hygiene levels, and controlling antibiotic overuse. Vaccine development made a substantial contribution to overcoming this issue, although it has been underestimated. In the recent era, reverse vaccinology has contributed to developing different kinds of vaccines against pathogens, revolutionizing the vaccine development process. Reverse vaccinology helps to prioritize better vaccine candidates by using various tools to filter the pathogen's complete genome. In this review, we will shed light on computational vaccine designing, immunoinformatic tools, genomic and proteomic data, and the challenges and success stories of computational vaccine designing.

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引用次数: 0
Self-powered biomedical devices: biology, materials, and their interfaces.
IF 5 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/adaff2
Yuan Zhuang, Quan Zhang, Zhanxun Wan, Hao Geng, Zhongying Xue, Huiliang Cao

Integrating biomedical electronic devices holds profound promise for advancements in healthcare and enhancing individuals' quality of life. However, the persistent challenges associated with the traditional batteries' limited lifespan and bulkiness hinder these devices' long-term functionality and consistent power supply. Here, we delve into the biology and material interfaces in self-powered medical devices by summarizing the intrinsic electric demands in humans, analyzing material and biological mechanisms for electricity generation and storage, and discussing the pathways toward self-chargeable powering. As a result, the current challenges in material designs and biological integrations emerged to shape the future directions in advancing self-powered medical devices. This paper calls on the community to integrate biology and material science to develop self-powering medical devices and improve their clinical prospects.

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引用次数: 0
A comprehensive review of computational diagnostic techniques for lymphedema. 淋巴水肿计算诊断技术的综合综述。
IF 5 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/ada85a
Jayasree K R, D K Vijayakumar, Vijayan Sugumaran, Rahul Krishnan Pathinarupothi

Lymphedema is localized swelling due to lymphatic system dysfunction, often affecting arms and legs due to fluid accumulation. It occurs in 20% to 94% of patients within 2-5 years after breast cancer treatment, with around 20% of women developing breast cancer-related lymphedema. This condition involves the accumulation of protein-rich fluid in interstitial spaces, leading to symptoms like swelling, pain, and reduced mobility that significantly impact quality of life. The early diagnosis of lymphedema helps mitigate the risk of deterioration and prevent its progression to more severe stages. Healthcare providers can reduce risks through exercise prescriptions and self-manual lymphatic drainage techniques. Lymphedema diagnosis currently relies on physical examinations and limb volume measurements, but challenges arise from a lack of standardized criteria and difficulties in detecting early stages. Recent advancements in computational imaging and decision support systems have improved diagnostic accuracy through enhanced image reconstruction and real-time data analysis. The aim of this comprehensive review is to provide an in-depth overview of the research landscape in computational diagnostic techniques for lymphedema. The computational techniques primarily include imaging-based, electrical, and machine learning (ML) approaches, which utilize advanced algorithms and data analysis. These modalities were compared based on various parameters to choose the most suitable techniques for their applications. Lymphedema detection faces challenges like subtle symptoms and inconsistent diagnostics. The research identifies bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS), Kinect sensor and ML integration as the promising modalities for early lymphedema detection. BIS can effectively identify lymphedema as early as four months post-surgery with sensitivity of 44.1% and specificity of 95.4% in diagnosing lymphedema whereas ML and artificial neural network achieved an impressive average cross-validation accuracy of 93.75%, with sensitivity at 95.65% and specificity at 91.03%. ML and imaging can be integrated into clinical practice to enhance diagnostic accuracy and accessibility.

淋巴水肿是由于淋巴系统功能障碍引起的局部肿胀,通常由于液体积聚而影响手臂和腿部。在乳腺癌治疗后的2至5年内,20%至94%的患者会出现这种情况,其中约20%的女性会出现乳腺癌相关淋巴水肿(BCRL)。这种情况涉及到富含蛋白质的液体在间隙中积聚,导致肿胀、疼痛和活动能力降低等症状,严重影响生活质量。淋巴水肿的早期诊断有助于减轻恶化的风险,并防止其发展到更严重的阶段。医疗保健提供者可以通过运动处方和自我手动淋巴引流技术来降低风险。淋巴水肿的诊断目前依赖于身体检查和肢体体积测量,但由于缺乏标准化标准和早期发现困难而产生挑战。计算机成像和决策支持系统的最新进展通过增强图像重建和实时数据分析提高了诊断准确性。这篇综合综述的目的是对淋巴水肿计算诊断技术的研究前景进行深入的概述。计算技术主要包括基于成像、电子和机器学习的方法,这些方法利用了先进的算法和数据分析。根据各种参数对这些模式进行比较,以选择最适合其应用的技术。淋巴水肿的检测面临着诸如细微症状和不一致的诊断等挑战。该研究确定了生物阻抗光谱(BIS)、Kinect传感器和机器学习集成作为早期淋巴水肿检测的有前途的模式。BIS早在术后4个月就能有效识别淋巴水肿,诊断淋巴水肿的敏感性为44.1%,特异性为95.4%,而在机器学习中,人工神经网络(ANN)的平均交叉验证准确率为93.75%,敏感性为95.65%,特异性为91.03%。机器学习和成像可以整合到临床实践中,以提高诊断的准确性和可及性。
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引用次数: 0
Biomechanical perspectives on traumatic brain injury in the elderly: a comprehensive review.
IF 5 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/ada654
Hamed Abdi, David Sanchez-Molina, Silvia Garcia-Vilana, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) pose a significant health concern among the elderly population, influenced by age-related physiological changes and the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the biomechanical dimensions of TBIs in this demographic is vital for developing effective preventive strategies and optimizing clinical management. This comprehensive review explores the intricate biomechanics of TBIs in the elderly, integrating medical and aging studies, experimental biomechanics of head tissues, and numerical simulations. Research reveals that global brain atrophy in normal aging occurs at annual rates of -0.2% to -0.5%. In contrast, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis are associated with significantly higher rates of brain atrophy. These variations in atrophy rates underscore the importance of considering differing brain atrophy patterns when evaluating TBIs among the elderly. Experimental studies further demonstrate that age-related changes in the mechanical properties of critical head tissues increase vulnerability to head injuries. Numerical simulations provide insights into the biomechanical response of the aging brain to traumatic events, aiding in injury prediction and preventive strategy development tailored to the elderly. Biomechanical analysis is essential for understanding injury mechanisms and forms the basis for developing effective preventive strategies. By incorporating local atrophy and age-specific impact characteristics into biomechanical models, researchers can create targeted interventions to reduce the risk of head injuries in vulnerable populations. Future research should focus on refining these models and integrating clinical data to better predict outcomes and enhance preventive care. Advancements in this field promise to improve health outcomes and reduce injury risks for the aging population.

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引用次数: 0
Human motor performance assessment with lower limb exoskeletons as a potential strategy to support healthy aging-a perspective article. 用下肢外骨骼评估人类运动表现作为支持健康老龄化的潜在策略——一篇透视文章。
IF 5 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/ada333
Tobias Moeller, Melina Beyerlein, Michael Herzog, Bettina Barisch-Fritz, Charlotte Marquardt, Miha Dežman, Katja Mombaur, Tamim Asfour, Alexander Woll, Thorsten Stein, Janina Krell-Roesch

With increasing age, motor performance declines. This decline is associated with less favorable health outcomes such as impaired activities of daily living, reduced quality of life, or increased mortality. Through regular assessment of motor performance, changes over time can be monitored, and targeted therapeutic programs and interventions may be informed. This can ensure better individualization of any intervention approach (e.g. by considering the current motor performance status of a person) and thus potentially increase its effectiveness with regard to maintaining current performance status or delaying further decline. However, in older adults, motor performance assessment is time consuming and requires experienced examiners and specific equipment, amongst others. This is particularly not feasible in care facility/nursing home settings. Wearable robotic devices, such as exoskeletons, have the potential of being used to assess motor performance and provide assistance during physical activities and exercise training for older adults or individuals with mobility impairments, thereby potentially enhancing motor performance. In this manuscript, we aim to (1) provide a brief overview of age-related changes of motor performance, (2) summarize established clinical and laboratory test procedures for the assessment of motor performance, (3) discuss the possibilities of translating established test procedures into exoskeleton-based procedures, and (4) highlight the feasibility, technological requirements and prerequisites for the assessment of human motor performance using lower limb exoskeletons.

随着年龄的增长,运动能力下降。这种下降与不太有利的健康结果有关,如日常生活活动受损、生活质量下降或死亡率增加。通过定期评估运动表现,可以监测随时间的变化,并告知有针对性的治疗方案和干预措施。这可以确保任何干预方法的更好的个性化(例如,通过考虑一个人当前的运动表现状态),从而潜在地提高其在维持当前表现状态或延缓进一步下降方面的有效性。然而,在老年人中,运动表现评估是耗时的,需要经验丰富的考官和特定的设备等。这在护理机构/养老院环境中尤其不可行。可穿戴机器人设备,如外骨骼,有潜力用于评估运动表现,并在老年人或行动不便的个人的体育活动和运动训练中提供帮助,从而潜在地提高运动表现。在本文中,我们的目标是(1)简要概述与年龄相关的运动表现变化,(2)总结已建立的用于评估运动表现的临床和实验室测试程序,(3)讨论将已建立的测试程序转化为基于外骨骼的程序的可能性,以及(4)强调使用下肢外骨骼评估人类运动表现的可行性,技术要求和先决条件。
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引用次数: 0
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Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England)
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