Schweizer Monatsschrift fur Zahnmedizin = Revue mensuelle suisse d'odonto-stomatologie = Rivista mensile svizzera di odontologia e stomatologia最新文献

In the third part of this review of laboratory testing, methods of testing adhesive systems are evaluated. Test set-ups that are used to analyze the restorative material in combination with the adhesive system are presented. Currently, there is no standardized protocol available for the evaluation of adhesives. This complicates any direct comparisons of values between different testing institutes. Therefore, the statistically evaluated ranking of the different adhesives is more important than mean values. Depending on the testing institute, a correlation between bond strength measurements and clinical outcomes may exist. Qualitative analysis of adhesive/tooth interaction can help explain the functioning of a system, but the depth of penetration of the adhesive cannot predict bond strength. Indirect bond measurements or analyses of the interactions of adhesive and composite materials, such as dye penetration or marginal analysis, do not correlate or correlate only partially with clinical findings. Adhesive systems should be tested in vitro and compared to a well-known standard adhesive before they are used in the clinic. Water storage of specimens for several months before testing increases the predictability of the bonding performance of the tested adhesive.

Summary: Although dental injuries are common occurrences at swimming pools, there are very few publications about them. The purpose of this study was to interview pool attendants at public swimming pools/bathing resorts in Switzerland on lip and dental injuries in 2007. The questions focussed on their knowledge of first aid, the frequency and accident site of lip and tooth trauma, as well as the storage medium for avulsed teeth. Questions were also asked about the presence of a "dental first-aid kit" and the poster on dental first aid. 606 public pools were contacted, and one pool attendant per pool was interviewed by telephone. 553 individuals participated; 53 declined to take part. The results show that in 2007, 40% of the interviewed pool attendants (n = 221) had witnessed at least one lip injury, and 36.9% (n = 204) at least one tooth trauma. At pools with slides, accidents were more frequent (p<0.001), and the waterslide was the most common accident site. The pool attendants provided satisfactory answers on their actions after lip and dental injuries. However, 68.7% could not adequately answer the questions on storage of avulsed teeth. Only 74 pool attendants had a dental first-aid kit. Of these, only 68 used the kits as the storage medium for avulsed teeth. 59 pool attendants were in possession of the poster on dental first aid. Overall, it was shown that pool attendants who had a dental first-aid kit and a dental first aid poster gave better answers on how to handle tooth trauma.

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a major cause of late graft dysfunction in lung transplant recipients. There is increasing evidence that beside alloimmunologic injury also non-alloimmunologic inflammatory conditions may raise the risk of acute and chronic rejection. The oral cavity represents a possible reservoir for pathogenic bacteria due to its close anatomical proximity. In this pilot study, the presence of pathogenic periodontal bacteria in the oral cavity as well as in the lungs of lung transplant recipients was investigated for the first time. Eight lung transplant recipients underwent broncho-alveolar lavage, transbronchial biopsies, and endobronchial biopsies. In addition to routinely performed examinations, pulmonary as well as plaque samples were assessed for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), and Treponema denticola (Td) with the aid of a hybridization technique. No or only one periodontal pathogen (solitarily Pg) was found in the gingival plaques of five of the eight patients (group A). In three patients, two or more periodontal pathogens were detetectable in the gingival samples (group B). Whereas group A also had not more than one periodontal pathogen in the lungs, group B had more than one species in the lungs. In group B, all patients suffered from BOS, whereas in group A only one patient was affected. This is the first evidence for the presence of periodontal pathogens in the lungs of lung transplant recipients. Further studies with larger cohorts are required to elucidate potential links between periodontal infection, pulmonary colonization, and rejection.

A 19-year old female patient was referred for removal of her wisdom teeth. The panoramic radiograph showed bilateral retromolar canals in the mandible. Since the retromolar canal is neglected in anatomical textbooks and is rarely documented in scientific publications, the case prompted us to perform further diagnostic examinations with informed consent by the patient. A limited cone beam computed tomography was made and, during the surgical removal of the patient's lower right wisdom tooth, a biopsy of the soft tissue bundle emerging from the retromolar foramen was taken. In accordance with the literature, the histology revealed myelinated nerve fibers, small arteries and venules. The limited data available in the literature about the retromolar canal report that this bony canal may convey an aberrant buccal nerve. In addition, sensory nerve fibers entering the retromolar canal from above and branching to the mandibular molars may evade a block anesthesia at the mandibular foramen. These rare anatomic features may explain why the elements of the retromolar canal account for failures of mandibular block anesthesia or postsurgical sensitivity changes in the supply area of the buccal nerve.

The neighbouring cantons Basel-Stadt and Basel-Landschaft had introduced different fluoridation schemes for caries prevention: Basel-Stadt provided drinking water fluoridated at 0.8-1 ppm F since 1962, while Basel-Landschaft introduced fluoridated domestic salt (250 ppm F since 1983). Representative samples of 12-year-old schoolchildren (6th-graders) were studied to evaluate the prevalence of (I) dental fluorosis (FOP) using the Thylstrup-Fejerskov (TF) index, (II) non fluoride-associated enamel opacities (non-FOP), and (III) hypoplasia of the incisors. Standardised frontal colour photographs were taken and assessed by four examiners after projection. Of 373 schoolchildren studied in 1999 in Basel-Stadt 119 (31.9%) showed fluoride-associated enamel opacities, i. e. 66 (17.7%) a very mild form (TF score 1), 47 (12.6%) a mild form (TF score 2), five scored TF3 and one TF5. In addition, non-FOP were diagnosed in 115 (30.8%) and hypoplasia in 47 (12.6%) children. Among the 448 children evaluated in 2001 in Basel-Landschaft 143 (31.9%) showed FOP, namely 74 (16.5%) scored TF1, 54 (12.2%) scored TF2, 12 (2.7%) scored TF3, and three (0.7%) scored TF5. Non-FOP were found among 93 (20.8%) and hypoplasia among 56 (12.5%) children. Thus, in spite of different fluoridation schemes in the two cantons, the prevalences of FOP were identical. Most fluoride-associated enamel opacities were mild or very mild. They did not represent an aesthetic problem and certainly not a public health concern.