<jats:p>A Monte Carlo study of identified particle ratio fluctuations at LHC energies is carried out in the framework of HIJING model using the fluctuation variable <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"> <msub> <mrow> <mi>ν</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mtext>dyn</mtext> </mrow> </msub> </math> </jats:inline-formula>. The simulated events for Pb-Pb collisions at <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"> <msub> <mrow> <msqrt> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msqrt> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2.76</mn> </math> </jats:inline-formula> and 5.02 TeV and Xe-Xe collisions at <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"> <msub> <mrow> <msqrt> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msqrt> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>5.44</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mtext>TeV</mtext> </math> </jats:inline-formula> are analyzed. From this study, it is observed that the values of <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"> <mfenced open="[" close="]"> <mrow> <mi>π</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>K</mi> </mrow> </mfenced> </math> </jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"> <mfenced open="[" close="]"> <mrow> <mi>p</
在HIJING模型的框架下，使用波动变量Γdyn对LHC能量下已识别的粒子比波动进行了蒙特卡罗研究。s N N下Pb-Pb碰撞的模拟事件=2.76和5.02 sN下的TeV和XeXe碰撞=5.44 对TeV进行了分析。从这项研究中可以观察到π、K，p、K和π，p遵循与NA49、STAR和ALICE实验在最中心碰撞数据中观察到的能量依赖性相似的趋势。还观察到，对于半中心和中心碰撞的所有三种粒子组合，Δ的模型预测值，Pb与Pb碰撞的BN N=2.76 TeV与ALICE实验中观察到的结果相当吻合。
{"title":"Event-by-Event Particle Ratio Fluctuations at LHC Energies","authors":"Shaista Khan, B. Ali, A. Chandra, S. Ahmad","doi":"10.1155/2021/6663846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6663846","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>A Monte Carlo study of identified particle ratio fluctuations at LHC energies is carried out in the framework of HIJING model using the fluctuation variable <jats:inline-formula>\u0000 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>ν</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mtext>dyn</mtext>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </math>\u0000 </jats:inline-formula>. The simulated events for Pb-Pb collisions at <jats:inline-formula>\u0000 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msqrt>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>s</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msqrt>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>N</mi>\u0000 <mi>N</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mn>2.76</mn>\u0000 </math>\u0000 </jats:inline-formula> and 5.02 TeV and Xe-Xe collisions at <jats:inline-formula>\u0000 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msqrt>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>s</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msqrt>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>N</mi>\u0000 <mi>N</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mn>5.44</mn>\u0000 <mtext> </mtext>\u0000 <mtext>TeV</mtext>\u0000 </math>\u0000 </jats:inline-formula> are analyzed. From this study, it is observed that the values of <jats:inline-formula>\u0000 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\u0000 <mfenced open=\"[\" close=\"]\">\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>π</mi>\u0000 <mo>,</mo>\u0000 <mi>K</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 </math>\u0000 </jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\u0000 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\u0000 <mfenced open=\"[\" close=\"]\">\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>p</","PeriodicalId":7498,"journal":{"name":"Advances in High Energy Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42799871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fu-Hu Liu, S. Fakhraddin, R. Sahoo, E. Sarkisyan-Grinbaum, B. K. Singh
{"title":"Particle Production in Small and Large Systems at High-Energy and High-Density Frontiers","authors":"Fu-Hu Liu, S. Fakhraddin, R. Sahoo, E. Sarkisyan-Grinbaum, B. K. Singh","doi":"10.1155/2021/9792509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9792509","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":7498,"journal":{"name":"Advances in High Energy Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46195210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Donini, Víctor Enguita-Vileta, F. Esser, V. Sanz
In this paper we propose a generalised holographic framework to describe superconductors. We first unify the description of s-, p-, and d-wave superconductors in a way that can be easily promoted to higher spin. Using a semianalytical procedure to compute the superconductor properties, we are able to further generalise the geometric description of the hologram beyond the AdS-Schwarzschild Black Hole paradigm and propose a set of higher-dimensional metrics which exhibit the same universal behaviour. We then apply this generalised description to study the properties of the condensate and the scaling of the critical temperature with the parameters of the higher-dimensional theory, which allows us to reproduce existing results in the literature and extend them to include a possible description of the newly observed f-wave superconducting systems.
{"title":"Generalising Holographic Superconductors","authors":"A. Donini, Víctor Enguita-Vileta, F. Esser, V. Sanz","doi":"10.1155/2022/1785050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1785050","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we propose a generalised holographic framework to describe superconductors. We first unify the description of s-, p-, and d-wave superconductors in a way that can be easily promoted to higher spin. Using a semianalytical procedure to compute the superconductor properties, we are able to further generalise the geometric description of the hologram beyond the AdS-Schwarzschild Black Hole paradigm and propose a set of higher-dimensional metrics which exhibit the same universal behaviour. We then apply this generalised description to study the properties of the condensate and the scaling of the critical temperature with the parameters of the higher-dimensional theory, which allows us to reproduce existing results in the literature and extend them to include a possible description of the newly observed f-wave superconducting systems.","PeriodicalId":7498,"journal":{"name":"Advances in High Energy Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47383511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<jats:p>The aim of the research is to examine the dependence of plasma pinch properties and radiation emissions on the atomic number of the operating gas within the dense plasma focus device (NX2) when using hydrogen and argon gases. Simulation was performed with Lee’s code on an NX2 dense plasma focus at a constant gas pressure value (<jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"> <msub> <mrow> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.5</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mtext>torr</mtext> </math> </jats:inline-formula>). The results showed that the minimum radius of the plasma focus in the case of the hydrogen plasma pinch was 0.30 cm and in the case of the argon plasma pinch 0.17 cm, and this affected the value of the radiation emission as it was <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"> <mn>7.8</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mtext>J</mtext> </math> </jats:inline-formula> and 11 J for the hydrogen and argon pinch, respectively. The energy of the ion beam released by the breakdown of the plasma pinch was found as <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"> <msub> <mrow> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mtext>n</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>23.8</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mtext>J</mtext> </math> </jats:inline-formula> in the state of hydrogen and <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"> <msub> <mrow> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mtext>n</mtext> </mrow>
{"title":"Effect of Atomic Number on Plasma Pinch Properties and Radiative Emissions","authors":"W. Sahyouni, Alaa Nassif","doi":"10.1155/2021/6611925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6611925","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the research is to examine the dependence of plasma pinch properties and radiation emissions on the atomic number of the operating gas within the dense plasma focus device (NX2) when using hydrogen and argon gases. Simulation was performed with Lee’s code on an NX2 dense plasma focus at a constant gas pressure value (<jats:inline-formula>\u0000 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>P</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mn>0.5</mn>\u0000 <mtext> </mtext>\u0000 <mtext>torr</mtext>\u0000 </math>\u0000 </jats:inline-formula>). The results showed that the minimum radius of the plasma focus in the case of the hydrogen plasma pinch was 0.30 cm and in the case of the argon plasma pinch 0.17 cm, and this affected the value of the radiation emission as it was <jats:inline-formula>\u0000 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\u0000 <mn>7.8</mn>\u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>10</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>6</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <mtext> </mtext>\u0000 <mtext>J</mtext>\u0000 </math>\u0000 </jats:inline-formula> and 11 J for the hydrogen and argon pinch, respectively. The energy of the ion beam released by the breakdown of the plasma pinch was found as <jats:inline-formula>\u0000 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>E</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mtext>n</mtext>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mn>23.8</mn>\u0000 <mtext> </mtext>\u0000 <mtext>J</mtext>\u0000 </math>\u0000 </jats:inline-formula> in the state of hydrogen and <jats:inline-formula>\u0000 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>E</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mtext>n</mtext>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":7498,"journal":{"name":"Advances in High Energy Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49507139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Within the symmetry, the two-time model (2T model) has six dimensions with two dimensions of time and the dilaton field that can be identified as inflaton in a warm inflation scenario with potential of the form . From that consideration, we derive the range of parameters for the Higgs-Dilaton potential, the coupling constant between Higgs and Dilaton () is larger than 0.0053 and the mass of Dilaton is smaller than GeV. Therefore, the 2T model indirectly suggests that extra dimension can also be a source of inflation.
{"title":"Constraint on the Higgs-Dilaton Potential via Warm Inflation in Two-Time Physics","authors":"V. Q. Phong, Ngo Phuc Duc Loc","doi":"10.1155/2022/5313952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5313952","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>Within the <jats:inline-formula>\u0000 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\u0000 <mi>S</mi>\u0000 <mi>P</mi>\u0000 <mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\">\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 <mo>,</mo>\u0000 <mi>R</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 </math>\u0000 </jats:inline-formula> symmetry, the two-time model (2T model) has six dimensions with two dimensions of time and the dilaton field that can be identified as inflaton in a warm inflation scenario with potential of the form <jats:inline-formula>\u0000 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\u0000 <mo>~</mo>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>ϕ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>4</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </math>\u0000 </jats:inline-formula>. From that consideration, we derive the range of parameters for the Higgs-Dilaton potential, the coupling constant between Higgs and Dilaton (<jats:inline-formula>\u0000 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\u0000 <mi>α</mi>\u0000 </math>\u0000 </jats:inline-formula>) is larger than 0.0053 and the mass of Dilaton is smaller than <jats:inline-formula>\u0000 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>7</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </math>\u0000 </jats:inline-formula> GeV. Therefore, the 2T model indirectly suggests that extra dimension can also be a source of inflation.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":7498,"journal":{"name":"Advances in High Energy Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45857306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a trial function method is employed to find exact solutions to the nonlinear Schrodinger equations with high-order time-dependent coefficients. This system might be used to describe the propagation of ultrashort optical pulses in nonlinear optical fibers, with self-steepening and self-frequency shift effects. The new general solutions are found for the general case including the Jacobi elliptic function solutions, solitary wave solutions, and rational function solutions which are presented in comparison with the previous ones obtained by Triki and Wazwaz, who only studied the special case .
{"title":"Exact Solutions to the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with Time-Dependent Coefficients","authors":"Xin-Lei Mai, Wei Li, S. Dong","doi":"10.1155/2021/6694980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6694980","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a trial function method is employed to find exact solutions to the nonlinear Schrodinger equations with high-order time-dependent coefficients. This system might be used to describe the propagation of ultrashort optical pulses in nonlinear optical fibers, with self-steepening and self-frequency shift effects. The new general solutions are found for the general case including the Jacobi elliptic function solutions, solitary wave solutions, and rational function solutions which are presented in comparison with the previous ones obtained by Triki and Wazwaz, who only studied the special case .","PeriodicalId":7498,"journal":{"name":"Advances in High Energy Physics","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49629315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is devoted to exploring the Rényi holographic dark energy model in the theory of Chern-Simons modified gravity. We studied the deceleration parameter, equation of state, and cosmological plane considering the Amended FRW modal. Modified field equations of -gravity theory gave two independent solutions. In the first case, this model provided the transitional change from deceleration to acceleration compatible with collected observational data. However, it supported a decelerating phase of expansion only in the second case. It was noted that the Equation of State advocated the dominance era under the influence of dark energy in the first case and the second predicted the influence of Λ CDM. In both cases, ω < 0 , ω ′ < 0 voted that the universe is in a freezing region and its cosmic expansion is more rapidly accelerated in the background of Chern-Simons modified gravity.
{"title":"Amended FRW Metric and Rényi Dark Energy Model","authors":"Sarfraz Ali, Sabir Iqbal, K. Khan, H. Moradi","doi":"10.1155/2021/9704909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9704909","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to exploring the Rényi holographic dark energy model in the theory of Chern-Simons modified gravity. We studied the deceleration parameter, equation of state, and cosmological plane considering the Amended FRW modal. Modified field equations of -gravity theory gave two independent solutions. In the first case, this model provided the transitional change from deceleration to acceleration compatible with collected observational data. However, it supported a decelerating phase of expansion only in the second case. It was noted that the Equation of State advocated the dominance era under the influence of dark energy in the first case and the second predicted the influence of \u0000 \u0000 Λ\u0000 \u0000 CDM. In both cases, \u0000 \u0000 ω\u0000 <\u0000 0\u0000 ,\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ω\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ′\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <\u0000 0\u0000 \u0000 voted that the universe is in a freezing region and its cosmic expansion is more rapidly accelerated in the background of Chern-Simons modified gravity.","PeriodicalId":7498,"journal":{"name":"Advances in High Energy Physics","volume":"135 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41247610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The strangeness enhancement signature of QGP formation at LHC energies is carefully tackled in the present study. Based on HRG, the particle ratios of mainly strange and multistrange particles are studied at energies from lower s ~ 0.001 up to 13 TeV. The strangeness enhancement clearly appeared at more high energies, and the ratios are confronted to the available experimental data. The particle ratios are also studied using the Cosmic Ray Monte Carlo (CRMC) interface model with its two different event generators, namely, EPOS 1.99 and EPOSlhc, which show a good agreement with the model calculations at the whole range of the energy. We utilize them to produce some particles ratios. EPOS 1.99 is used to estimate particle ratios at lower energies from AGS up to the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) while EPOSlhc is used at LHC energies. The production of kaons and lambda particles is studied in terms of the mean multiplicity in p-p collisions at energies ranging from 4 to 26 GeV. We find that both HRG model and the used event generators, EPOS 1.99 and EPOSlhc, can describe the particle ratios very well. Additionally, the freeze-out parameters are estimated for different collision systems, such as p-p and Pb-Pb, at LHC energies using both models.
{"title":"Strangeness Enhancement at LHC Energies Using the Thermal Model and EPOSLHC Event Generator","authors":"M. Hanafy, Omnia S. A. Qandil, A. Shalaby","doi":"10.1155/2021/2489232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2489232","url":null,"abstract":"The strangeness enhancement signature of QGP formation at LHC energies is carefully tackled in the present study. Based on HRG, the particle ratios of mainly strange and multistrange particles are studied at energies from lower \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 s\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ~\u0000 0.001\u0000 \u0000 up to 13 TeV. The strangeness enhancement clearly appeared at more high energies, and the ratios are confronted to the available experimental data. The particle ratios are also studied using the Cosmic Ray Monte Carlo (CRMC) interface model with its two different event generators, namely, EPOS 1.99 and EPOSlhc, which show a good agreement with the model calculations at the whole range of the energy. We utilize them to produce some particles ratios. EPOS 1.99 is used to estimate particle ratios at lower energies from AGS up to the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) while EPOSlhc is used at LHC energies. The production of kaons and lambda particles is studied in terms of the mean multiplicity in p-p collisions at energies ranging from 4 to 26 GeV. We find that both HRG model and the used event generators, EPOS 1.99 and EPOSlhc, can describe the particle ratios very well. Additionally, the freeze-out parameters are estimated for different collision systems, such as p-p and Pb-Pb, at LHC energies using both models.","PeriodicalId":7498,"journal":{"name":"Advances in High Energy Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41349609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We reassess an alternative CPT-odd electrodynamics obtained from a Palatini-like procedure. Starting from a more general situation, we analyze the physical consistency of the model for different values of the parameter introduced in the mass tensor. We show that there is a residual gauge invariance in the model if the local transformation is taken to vary only in the direction of the Lorentz-breaking vector. This residual gauge invariance can be extended to all models whose only source of gauge symmetry breaking is such a mass term.
{"title":"Residual Gauge Invariance in a Massive Lorentz-Violating Extension of QED","authors":"B. Marques, A. Scarpelli, J. Felipe, L. Brito","doi":"10.1155/2022/7396078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7396078","url":null,"abstract":"We reassess an alternative CPT-odd electrodynamics obtained from a Palatini-like procedure. Starting from a more general situation, we analyze the physical consistency of the model for different values of the parameter introduced in the mass tensor. We show that there is a residual gauge invariance in the model if the local transformation is taken to vary only in the direction of the Lorentz-breaking vector. This residual gauge invariance can be extended to all models whose only source of gauge symmetry breaking is such a mass term.","PeriodicalId":7498,"journal":{"name":"Advances in High Energy Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49651412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gongming Yu, Yanbing Cai, Yongping Fu, Haitao Yang, Q. Gao, Q. Hu, Liyuan Hu, W. Li, Yushou Song
We calculate the centrality dependence for coherent photoproduction of very low- at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies within the impact parameter-dependent saturated color dipole model. By using the large equivalent photon fluxes, we present the differential cross-section of very low- produced by coherent photonuclear in peripheral heavy ion collisions. The numerical results demonstrate that our calculation agrees with data in peripheral heavy ion collisions at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) energies.
{"title":"Coherent Photoproduction of Low-\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 T\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Charmonium in Peripheral Heavy Ion Collisions ","authors":"Gongming Yu, Yanbing Cai, Yongping Fu, Haitao Yang, Q. Gao, Q. Hu, Liyuan Hu, W. Li, Yushou Song","doi":"10.1155/2022/1561632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1561632","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>We calculate the centrality dependence for coherent photoproduction of very low-<jats:inline-formula>\u0000 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>p</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>T</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </math>\u0000 </jats:inline-formula>\u0000 <jats:inline-formula>\u0000 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\u0000 <mi>J</mi>\u0000 <mo>/</mo>\u0000 <mi>ψ</mi>\u0000 </math>\u0000 </jats:inline-formula> at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies within the impact parameter-dependent saturated color dipole model. By using the large equivalent photon fluxes, we present the differential cross-section of very low-<jats:inline-formula>\u0000 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>p</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>T</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </math>\u0000 </jats:inline-formula>\u0000 <jats:inline-formula>\u0000 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\u0000 <mi>J</mi>\u0000 <mo>/</mo>\u0000 <mi>ψ</mi>\u0000 </math>\u0000 </jats:inline-formula> produced by coherent photonuclear in peripheral heavy ion collisions. The numerical results demonstrate that our calculation agrees with <jats:inline-formula>\u0000 <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\u0000 <mi>J</mi>\u0000 <mo>/</mo>\u0000 <mi>ψ</mi>\u0000 </math>\u0000 </jats:inline-formula> data in peripheral heavy ion collisions at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) energies.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":7498,"journal":{"name":"Advances in High Energy Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47939455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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