{"title":"Omicron and the future of the Pandemic","authors":"S. Chakravorty","doi":"10.38192/1.7.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38192/1.7.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of the Omicron variant ","PeriodicalId":75015,"journal":{"name":"The Homoeopathic physician","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79668755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim - The purpose of our quality improvement project was to reduce readmission rates for haematuria in patients on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) who had undergone a urinary tract biopsy or resection. Methods - For each cycle we used operating lists, pre-assessment clerking and departmental inpatient lists to identify the proportion of patients on DOACs readmitted post-operatively within 1 month from date of surgery. Cycle 1 was completed over a six-month period. We then discussed these results with a Haematologist, who advised a bridging plan with low-molecular weight heparin to mitigate the risk. Following implementation of the bridging plan, we then completed the second cycle over a three-month period. Results - The first cycle showed that 37.5% (n=16) of all patients on DOACs who had undergone one of these procedures were readmitted with significant haematuria. After implementation of the bridging plan with Low molecular weight heparin, the second cycle showed a reduced readmission rate of 33.3% (n=9), despite a higher percentage of patients on a DOAC in this cycle. Discussion - There was no uniform practice or protocol for restarting DOACs in our hospital. After completion of this project, a uniform protocol has been established. Recommendations included: (1) rediscuss with a Haematologist whether further measures were needed; present our data at a regional meeting to survey protocol and practices in neighbouring hospitals. Limitations included: a small sample size; non-uniform duration of data collection per cycle; reduction of elective operative lists due to COVID-19.
{"title":"Haematuria readmission rates in DOAC patients undergoing TURP/TURBTs and urinary tract biopsies – is there any need for a bridging plan?","authors":"Tavishi Kanwar, Alice Li","doi":"10.38192/1.7.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38192/1.7.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Aim - The purpose of our quality improvement project was to reduce readmission rates for haematuria in patients on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) who had undergone a urinary tract biopsy or resection.\u0000Methods - For each cycle we used operating lists, pre-assessment clerking and departmental inpatient lists to identify the proportion of patients on DOACs readmitted post-operatively within 1 month from date of surgery. Cycle 1 was completed over a six-month period. We then discussed these results with a Haematologist, who advised a bridging plan with low-molecular weight heparin to mitigate the risk. Following implementation of the bridging plan, we then completed the second cycle over a three-month period.\u0000Results - The first cycle showed that 37.5% (n=16) of all patients on DOACs who had undergone one of these procedures were readmitted with significant haematuria. After implementation of the bridging plan with Low molecular weight heparin, the second cycle showed a reduced readmission rate of 33.3% (n=9), despite a higher percentage of patients on a DOAC in this cycle.\u0000Discussion - There was no uniform practice or protocol for restarting DOACs in our hospital. After completion of this project, a uniform protocol has been established.\u0000Recommendations included: (1) rediscuss with a Haematologist whether further measures were needed; present our data at a regional meeting to survey protocol and practices in neighbouring hospitals. Limitations included: a small sample size; non-uniform duration of data collection per cycle; reduction of elective operative lists due to COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":75015,"journal":{"name":"The Homoeopathic physician","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75357696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexithymia and empathy are functional concepts surrounding human emotions.This study aimed to estimate the association between alexithymia and empathy within a neurotypical population. The study was a cross sectional survey conducted within a non-clinical population of medical students at a University in England using voluntary sampling to complete the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), Basic Empathy Scale (BES), General Health Questionnaire- 12. Alexithymia and empathy scores did not show a statistically significant correlation. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between total alexithymia and cognitive empathy scores (correlation co-efficient was -0.184, p value was 0.013). Men and women differed significantly on empathy scores with women showing significantly higher empathy. The relationship between the understanding of one’s own emotions and the interpretation of others’ emotions are different functions with a more complex interaction than a simple linear correlation. Future research should focus on further exploring the differences between cognitive and affective empathy.
{"title":"Alexithymia and Empathy in a Non-Clinical Population: How do they Correlate?","authors":"N. Chakraborty, Harry Mehmet, T. Brugha","doi":"10.38192/1.7.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38192/1.7.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Alexithymia and empathy are functional concepts surrounding human emotions.This study aimed to estimate the association between alexithymia and empathy within a neurotypical population.\u0000The study was a cross sectional survey conducted within a non-clinical population of medical students at a University in England using voluntary sampling to complete the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), Basic Empathy Scale (BES), General Health Questionnaire- 12. \u0000Alexithymia and empathy scores did not show a statistically significant correlation. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between total alexithymia and cognitive empathy scores (correlation co-efficient was -0.184, p value was 0.013). Men and women differed significantly on empathy scores with women showing significantly higher empathy.\u0000The relationship between the understanding of one’s own emotions and the interpretation of others’ emotions are different functions with a more complex interaction than a simple linear correlation. Future research should focus on further exploring the differences between cognitive and affective empathy.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":75015,"journal":{"name":"The Homoeopathic physician","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72964719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The story of a West Midlands General Practitioner who faced the fearsome prospect of deportation and severance from her young family due to expiry of her English proficiency test after 2 years- highlights the lack of consultation, awareness, empathy and dignity that is perceived by international medical graduates in the UK. What is most alarming is that evidence of working as a GP in the UK for 8 years, communicating with patients and colleagues in English - and passing all the standardised professional examinations set by the medical royal colleges was not considered sufficient for her to be assessed to have the minimum requirements for her permit/ leave to remain to be renewed. The mental anguish and stress that a frontline GP has to face is totally avoidable. The NHS, GMC and Department of Health and Social Care need to have robust consultation with the Home Office department on making the rules sensitive and meaningful and applied with awareness, understanding and compassion that is critical for the wellbeing of the healthcare workforce- and the benefit of our patients.
{"title":"Equality & Diversity Perspectives for the Proficiency in English Assessment for IMGs","authors":"I. Chakravorty","doi":"10.38192/1.7.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38192/1.7.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The story of a West Midlands General Practitioner who faced the fearsome prospect of deportation and severance from her young family due to expiry of her English proficiency test after 2 years- highlights the lack of consultation, awareness, empathy and dignity that is perceived by international medical graduates in the UK. What is most alarming is that evidence of working as a GP in the UK for 8 years, communicating with patients and colleagues in English - and passing all the standardised professional examinations set by the medical royal colleges was not considered sufficient for her to be assessed to have the minimum requirements for her permit/ leave to remain to be renewed. The mental anguish and stress that a frontline GP has to face is totally avoidable.\u0000 \u0000The NHS, GMC and Department of Health and Social Care need to have robust consultation with the Home Office department on making the rules sensitive and meaningful and applied with awareness, understanding and compassion that is critical for the wellbeing of the healthcare workforce- and the benefit of our patients.","PeriodicalId":75015,"journal":{"name":"The Homoeopathic physician","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90716182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bisht, P. Nageswaran, K. Gajanan, S. Daga, S. Chakravorty
Oral and Poster Presentations at the BAPIO Silver Jubilee Annual Conference 2021 Birmingham, UK 22-24 Oct 21
10月21日至24日在英国伯明翰举行的2021年BAPIO银禧年会议上的口头和海报演讲
{"title":"Research & Innovation Abstracts","authors":"S. Bisht, P. Nageswaran, K. Gajanan, S. Daga, S. Chakravorty","doi":"10.38192/1.7.2.bapio25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38192/1.7.2.bapio25","url":null,"abstract":"Oral and Poster Presentations at the BAPIO Silver Jubilee Annual Conference 2021 \u0000Birmingham, UK 22-24 Oct 21","PeriodicalId":75015,"journal":{"name":"The Homoeopathic physician","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77323730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-05DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192896919.003.0005
P. Daly
When an applicant for judicial review succeeds in demonstrating that an administrative decision was unlawful because it breached the principles of institutional structures, procedural fairness or substantive review, the court must then decide whether to grant a remedy. This Chapter first discusses the nature of the remedies available to a reviewing court, explaining how the different characteristics of the so-called ‘prerogative writs’ and their successors can be understood in terms of the values of individual self-realisation, good administration, electoral legitimacy and decisional autonomy. It highlights how judges’ choices whether to issue a remedy and how to structure a remedy can also be understood as being influenced by these values. The chapter then addresses several aspects of judicial discretion not to grant a remedy and the ability to sever problematic aspects of a decision, again demonstrating the influence of administrative law values.
{"title":"Remedies","authors":"P. Daly","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192896919.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896919.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"When an applicant for judicial review succeeds in demonstrating that an administrative decision was unlawful because it breached the principles of institutional structures, procedural fairness or substantive review, the court must then decide whether to grant a remedy. This Chapter first discusses the nature of the remedies available to a reviewing court, explaining how the different characteristics of the so-called ‘prerogative writs’ and their successors can be understood in terms of the values of individual self-realisation, good administration, electoral legitimacy and decisional autonomy. It highlights how judges’ choices whether to issue a remedy and how to structure a remedy can also be understood as being influenced by these values. The chapter then addresses several aspects of judicial discretion not to grant a remedy and the ability to sever problematic aspects of a decision, again demonstrating the influence of administrative law values.","PeriodicalId":75015,"journal":{"name":"The Homoeopathic physician","volume":"13 1","pages":"Svii - Sxi"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78805302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Ventral hernia repair is one of the common general surgical procedures. A novel eTEP technique has been developed where in a mesh is placed in retro muscular plane through minimally invasive approach. There is scarcity of data on its effectiveness as compared to conventional Laparoscopic IPOM hernioplasty. Aims and Objectives We aim to introduce our innovative Kumar-Subhash’s modified 3 port eTEP technique for ventral hernia repair and compare its clinical effectiveness with conventional IPOM repair. Methods A prospective comparative study was undertaken at Devagiri Hospital, Bangalore, India from January 2017 to December 2019. 30 patients were included in the study (12 in eTEP group and 18 in IPOM group) based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were followed up to 30 days post-operatively. The outcomes were compared with respect to postoperative pain, length of hospital stay and early postoperative complications. Results Baseline characteristics and presenting complaints were comparable for both the groups. The mean pain score on POD 1 in eTEP group was 3, and 1 on POD 7 as compared to 7 and 3 in IPOM group on POD1 and 7 respectively, which was statistically significant. Patients in eTEP group had a shorter length of hospital stay (LOS). None of the patients had any complications related to the novel technique. Conclusions Kumar-Subhash’s modified 3 port eTEP technique is a novel and easy approach for laparoscopic repair of ventral hernia with significantly less post-operative pain and LOS with an additional cosmetic advantage for patients.
{"title":"A Novel Minimally Invasive Retro Rectus Repair of Ventral Hernia","authors":"Anil Kumar, M. Taggarsi, R. Subhash","doi":"10.38192/1.7.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38192/1.7.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background \u0000Ventral hernia repair is one of the common general surgical procedures. A novel eTEP technique has been developed where in a mesh is placed in retro muscular plane through minimally invasive approach. There is scarcity of data on its effectiveness as compared to conventional Laparoscopic IPOM hernioplasty. \u0000Aims and Objectives \u0000We aim to introduce our innovative Kumar-Subhash’s modified 3 port eTEP technique for ventral hernia repair and compare its clinical effectiveness with conventional IPOM repair. \u0000Methods \u0000A prospective comparative study was undertaken at Devagiri Hospital, Bangalore, India from January 2017 to December 2019. 30 patients were included in the study (12 in eTEP group and 18 in IPOM group) based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were followed up to 30 days post-operatively. The outcomes were compared with respect to postoperative pain, length of hospital stay and early postoperative complications. \u0000Results \u0000Baseline characteristics and presenting complaints were comparable for both the groups. The mean pain score on POD 1 in eTEP group was 3, and 1 on POD 7 as compared to 7 and 3 in IPOM group on POD1 and 7 respectively, which was statistically significant. Patients in eTEP group had a shorter length of hospital stay (LOS). None of the patients had any complications related to the novel technique. \u0000Conclusions \u0000Kumar-Subhash’s modified 3 port eTEP technique is a novel and easy approach for laparoscopic repair of ventral hernia with significantly less post-operative pain and LOS with an additional cosmetic advantage for patients.","PeriodicalId":75015,"journal":{"name":"The Homoeopathic physician","volume":"205 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72952645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives Primary care in the United Kingdom is delivered through the National Health Service medical workforce comprising 25% international medical graduates. This study explored the challenges experienced by international participants as they progressed through speciality training in General Practice and sought solutions to those challenges through the lens of applied educational theory, or ‘praxis’. Methods The case-based methodology was founded on a qualitative paradigm and postpositivist theoretical framework. Data were collected from international medical graduates and General Practice Trainers via focus groups, on-line questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. A strategy of convergence of evidence underpinned thematic data analysis, triangulating data to construct theory through cycles of continuous iteration. Findings Challenges relating to difference, relationships, conceptual understanding and expertise, practical barriers, wellbeing and risk were countered by applied metacognition, emotional intelligence, resilience and curiosity. Trainee passivity confounded these solutions. Conclusions The considerable challenges encountered by participants, not all comprehended before commencement of training, were compounded by poor conceptual understanding of the NHS and primary care and impacted on educational progression and wellbeing. Strategies centred on the application of metacognition and applied curiosity. These findings have considerable potential for training programmes and policymakers with respect to trainee orientation and workforce development.
{"title":"Challenges Facing IMGs in General Practice and Solutions Founded on Educational Praxis","authors":"S. Holloway, L. Jones","doi":"10.38192/1.6.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38192/1.6.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives \u0000Primary care in the United Kingdom is delivered through the National Health Service medical workforce comprising 25% international medical graduates. This study explored the challenges experienced by international participants as they progressed through speciality training in General Practice and sought solutions to those challenges through the lens of applied educational theory, or ‘praxis’. \u0000Methods \u0000The case-based methodology was founded on a qualitative paradigm and postpositivist theoretical framework. Data were collected from international medical graduates and General Practice Trainers via focus groups, on-line questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. A strategy of convergence of evidence underpinned thematic data analysis, triangulating data to construct theory through cycles of continuous iteration. \u0000Findings \u0000Challenges relating to difference, relationships, conceptual understanding and expertise, practical barriers, wellbeing and risk were countered by applied metacognition, emotional intelligence, resilience and curiosity. Trainee passivity confounded these solutions. \u0000Conclusions \u0000The considerable challenges encountered by participants, not all comprehended before commencement of training, were compounded by poor conceptual understanding of the NHS and primary care and impacted on educational progression and wellbeing. Strategies centred on the application of metacognition and applied curiosity. These findings have considerable potential for training programmes and policymakers with respect to trainee orientation and workforce development. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":75015,"journal":{"name":"The Homoeopathic physician","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82382295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article rationalises the culmination of the design, testing, regulatory approval and delivery of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in the UK, USA and across the world. The author champions the worldwide collaboration of scientists, industry, governments, regulatory agencies and several thousands of people who have courageously put themselves forward to make this immense feat possible. So that we, the rest of the people may reap the survival benefits. The author presents a balanced view and acknowledges the uncompromising science that has fuelled this marvel- encouraging people who fear the unknown and vaccine sceptics to come forward.
{"title":"Vaccines against SARS-Cov-2","authors":"S. Chakravorty","doi":"10.38192/1.6.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38192/1.6.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"This article rationalises the culmination of the design, testing, regulatory approval and delivery of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in the UK, USA and across the world. The author champions the worldwide collaboration of scientists, industry, governments, regulatory agencies and several thousands of people who have courageously put themselves forward to make this immense feat possible. So that we, the rest of the people may reap the survival benefits. The author presents a balanced view and acknowledges the uncompromising science that has fuelled this marvel- encouraging people who fear the unknown and vaccine sceptics to come forward.","PeriodicalId":75015,"journal":{"name":"The Homoeopathic physician","volume":"150 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75763581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 pandemic has also had a significant impact on the detection and management of infectious diseases worldwide. As the healthcare resources struggle to deal with the pandemic, there is widespread fear that there will be a rise in other infections and non-communicable diseases. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis remains one of the highest cause of mortality and morbidity in the world with 10 million new cases, 1.4 million deaths and nearly half a million cases of drug-resistant TB, in 2019. The need of the hour is to prevent the rise of drug resistance in TB. The rise in drug resistance can be mainly attributed to failure to adhere to treatment regimens. Recent studies show that the exposure of bacteria to sublethal levels of bacterial antibiotics, promotes cellular mutations, leading to increased mutations promoting drug resistance. Because of the problems associated with the detection and treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis, it is of paramount importance that we aim to implement stringent measures of primary and secondary prevention against cases of drug-sensitive tuberculosis to prevent the rise of drug resistance. It is important to highlight the importance of DOTS while talking about measures of primary and secondary prevention. The involvement of the multidisciplinary health team and auxiliary health workers to monitor the treatment of affected patients cannot be stressed enough, since this is the most simple and effective way to prevent treatment failure. Furthermore, the cost of treatment of MDR-TB remains out of reach of the middle and lower middle-income strata of society. It is the need of the hour to lower the cost of drugs as well as provide easy and affordable access to rapid investigations to detect drug resistance
{"title":"Drug resistance In Mycobacterium Tuberculosis","authors":"Saad Jamal","doi":"10.38192/1.7.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38192/1.7.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has also had a significant impact on the detection and management of infectious diseases worldwide. As the healthcare resources struggle to deal with the pandemic, there is widespread fear that there will be a rise in other infections and non-communicable diseases. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis remains one of the highest cause of mortality and morbidity in the world with 10 million new cases, 1.4 million deaths and nearly half a million cases of drug-resistant TB, in 2019. The need of the hour is to prevent the rise of drug resistance in TB. The rise in drug resistance can be mainly attributed to failure to adhere to treatment regimens. Recent studies show that the exposure of bacteria to sublethal levels of bacterial antibiotics, promotes cellular mutations, leading to increased mutations promoting drug resistance. Because of the problems associated with the detection and treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis, it is of paramount importance that we aim to implement stringent measures of primary and secondary prevention against cases of drug-sensitive tuberculosis to prevent the rise of drug resistance. It is important to highlight the importance of DOTS while talking about measures of primary and secondary prevention. The involvement of the multidisciplinary health team and auxiliary health workers to monitor the treatment of affected patients cannot be stressed enough, since this is the most simple and effective way to prevent treatment failure. Furthermore, the cost of treatment of MDR-TB remains out of reach of the middle and lower middle-income strata of society. It is the need of the hour to lower the cost of drugs as well as provide easy and affordable access to rapid investigations to detect drug resistance","PeriodicalId":75015,"journal":{"name":"The Homoeopathic physician","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83148504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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