Pub Date : 2020-06-03eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5210/jbc.v44i1.10607
Gary W Schnitz
Welcome to the Journal of Biocommunication issue 44-1. The issue represents our first issue of 2020 and our eighth issue designed for our new mixed publishing format that offers our authors traditional publishing as well as open access options. Our Journal is dedicated to the dissemination of high-quality research, and we accept manuscripts, which are of interest to the broader bioscience community. We welcome authors reporting on their high-impact discoveries, cutting-edge research, and new imaging methodologies. Our professional organizations and the Journal are critical for generating open access content of scholarly, intellectual, and creative merit.
{"title":"Publisher's Comment: JBC Volume 44, Number 1, 2020.","authors":"Gary W Schnitz","doi":"10.5210/jbc.v44i1.10607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/jbc.v44i1.10607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Welcome to the Journal of Biocommunication issue 44-1. The issue represents our first issue of 2020 and our eighth issue designed for our new mixed publishing format that offers our authors traditional publishing as well as open access options. Our Journal is dedicated to the dissemination of high-quality research, and we accept manuscripts, which are of interest to the broader bioscience community. We welcome authors reporting on their high-impact discoveries, cutting-edge research, and new imaging methodologies. Our professional organizations and the Journal are critical for generating open access content of scholarly, intellectual, and creative merit.</p>","PeriodicalId":75049,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of biocommunication","volume":"44 1","pages":"e1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ab/f8/jbc-44-1-e1.PMC9138708.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40486307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-03eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5210/jbc.v44i1.10620
Elizabeth N Weissbrod, Joseph O Lopreiato, Mark W Bowyer, Danielle A Simms, Eric M Singdahlsen
Military medical education and training often utilize theatrical makeup, or moulage, to simulate injuries or pathologies. Traditional methods of moulage application are incredibly realistic when expertly applied. However, moulage can be expensive in terms of supplies, manpower, and time. We proposed that by creating a library of illustrations for use with temporary tattoos, the overall cost of moulage could decrease with little to no impact on training goals and objectives. The development, detailed testing and plans for commercialization are outlined herein.
{"title":"Rapid Application Temporary Tattoos for Medical Moulage: From Development to Testing and Commercialization.","authors":"Elizabeth N Weissbrod, Joseph O Lopreiato, Mark W Bowyer, Danielle A Simms, Eric M Singdahlsen","doi":"10.5210/jbc.v44i1.10620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/jbc.v44i1.10620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Military medical education and training often utilize theatrical makeup, or moulage, to simulate injuries or pathologies. Traditional methods of moulage application are incredibly realistic when expertly applied. However, moulage can be expensive in terms of supplies, manpower, and time. We proposed that by creating a library of illustrations for use with temporary tattoos, the overall cost of moulage could decrease with little to no impact on training goals and objectives. The development, detailed testing and plans for commercialization are outlined herein.</p>","PeriodicalId":75049,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of biocommunication","volume":"44 1","pages":"e4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/07/ea/jbc-44-1-e4.PMC9140235.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40486303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This JBC Showcase features the award winning medical illustration of Cynthia Turner. Cynthia was the recipient of the Association of Medical Illustrators' 2019 Lifetime Achievement Award. Her award was presented at the Awards Ceremony during the AMI's 2019 annual meeting held in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
{"title":"Journal of Biocommunication Showcase: Recipient of AMI's 2019 Lifetime Achievement Award.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This JBC Showcase features the award winning medical illustration of Cynthia Turner. Cynthia was the recipient of the Association of Medical Illustrators' 2019 Lifetime Achievement Award. Her award was presented at the Awards Ceremony during the AMI's 2019 annual meeting held in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.</p>","PeriodicalId":75049,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of biocommunication","volume":"44 1","pages":"e6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9139260/pdf/jbc-44-1-e6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40486305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Palliative care can improve quality of life in patients facing life-threatening illnesses by addressing their physical, emotional, spiritual, and practical needs. Research has shown that palliative care initiated early in the disease trajectory improves patients' mood, quality of life, and even survival. Nevertheless, timely referral and willingness to initiate palliative care are hindered by stigma and the misconception that palliative care is for patients who have exhausted treatment options. Well-designed comics may be useful for addressing complex, stigmatized topics because they are unintimidating, easy to consume, and relatable to readers. Unsurprisingly, educational comics can teach more effectively than text or verbal instruction. Since palliative care is valued by patients for being a person-centered and patient-led experience, comics may be uniquely suited to educate about this topic by embedding information in the context of an individual patient journey. The comic, currently a work-in-progress, will include a didactic narrative about palliative care and a situational narrative describing the patient experience. Feedback from palliative care patients during the development process will inform visual and narrative design of the comic.
{"title":"Palliative Care Comics: Designing a Person-Centered Patient Education Tool","authors":"Mona S Li, S. Wall, C. Zimmermann","doi":"10.5210/jbc.v43i2.10292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/jbc.v43i2.10292","url":null,"abstract":"Palliative care can improve quality of life in patients facing life-threatening illnesses by addressing their physical, emotional, spiritual, and practical needs. Research has shown that palliative care initiated early in the disease trajectory improves patients' mood, quality of life, and even survival. Nevertheless, timely referral and willingness to initiate palliative care are hindered by stigma and the misconception that palliative care is for patients who have exhausted treatment options. Well-designed comics may be useful for addressing complex, stigmatized topics because they are unintimidating, easy to consume, and relatable to readers. Unsurprisingly, educational comics can teach more effectively than text or verbal instruction. Since palliative care is valued by patients for being a person-centered and patient-led experience, comics may be uniquely suited to educate about this topic by embedding information in the context of an individual patient journey. The comic, currently a work-in-progress, will include a didactic narrative about palliative care and a situational narrative describing the patient experience. Feedback from palliative care patients during the development process will inform visual and narrative design of the comic.","PeriodicalId":75049,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of biocommunication","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85908616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Avesta Rastan, N. Woolridge, M. Dryer, Craig Daniels, Michael Taylor
Medulloblastoma, a childhood brain cancer of the cerebellum, has one of the highest mortality rates of pediatric cancers. For over a century, scientists believed that medulloblastoma metastasized exclusively through cerebrospinal fluid; however, novel research reveals that it can also spread through the circulatory system. Understanding this new mechanism is critical for the development of therapies and to help affected families understand their child's disease. An educational 3D animation was developed to effectively disseminate this research to the scientific community and to educate physicians, researchers, and affected families about this disease. A story-driven narrative and emphasis on visual metaphor put the research in context by establishing why this research matters, what the future implications are, and how it is relevant to the audience. Additionally, various visual design strategies were implemented in order to increase memory retention and audience engagement. The final animation is the first visual resource that educates a lay audience on the two different mechanisms of medulloblastoma metastasis.
{"title":"Illuminating Medulloblastoma","authors":"Avesta Rastan, N. Woolridge, M. Dryer, Craig Daniels, Michael Taylor","doi":"10.5210/jbc.v43i2.10280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/jbc.v43i2.10280","url":null,"abstract":"Medulloblastoma, a childhood brain cancer of the cerebellum, has one of the highest mortality rates of pediatric cancers. For over a century, scientists believed that medulloblastoma metastasized exclusively through cerebrospinal fluid; however, novel research reveals that it can also spread through the circulatory system. Understanding this new mechanism is critical for the development of therapies and to help affected families understand their child's disease. An educational 3D animation was developed to effectively disseminate this research to the scientific community and to educate physicians, researchers, and affected families about this disease. A story-driven narrative and emphasis on visual metaphor put the research in context by establishing why this research matters, what the future implications are, and how it is relevant to the audience. Additionally, various visual design strategies were implemented in order to increase memory retention and audience engagement. The final animation is the first visual resource that educates a lay audience on the two different mechanisms of medulloblastoma metastasis.","PeriodicalId":75049,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of biocommunication","volume":"377 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76624702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a prevalence of 1 in 68 children. The cause of the disorder is unknown, but research suggests that it involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Due to recent advances in sequencing technology, next generation sequencing is being incorporated into clinical practices, enabling researchers to obtain genetic data from ASD patients and elucidate the genetic variants that contribute to the disorder. Ultimately, this may lead to earlier diagnoses and interventions for future generations. The integration of next generation sequencing into clinical practices also benefits patients, because it can be used to identify other fatal genetic disorders associated with ASD and to advise parents on recurrence risk. Despite the benefits of genetic testing in the ASD field, there remain two communication gaps between families of patients affected by ASD and genetic counselors. First, there are few patient education resources on why patients with ASD should get genetic testing, resulting in a lack of awareness. The second communication gap is the challenge of explaining complex genomic results to families of patients who choose to undergo genetic testing. This master's research project aims to bridge both communication gaps through the implementation of an interactive web-based resource. With the use of visual analogies and storytelling techniques, the tool will aid in knowledge translation and improve society's understanding of genetic testing in the field of ASD.
{"title":"Development of an Interactive Patient Education Tool for Genetic Testing in Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Maurita Hung, Michael Corrin, S. Wall, N. Hoang","doi":"10.5210/jbc.v43i2.10277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/jbc.v43i2.10277","url":null,"abstract":"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a prevalence of 1 in 68 children. The cause of the disorder is unknown, but research suggests that it involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Due to recent advances in sequencing technology, next generation sequencing is being incorporated into clinical practices, enabling researchers to obtain genetic data from ASD patients and elucidate the genetic variants that contribute to the disorder. Ultimately, this may lead to earlier diagnoses and interventions for future generations. The integration of next generation sequencing into clinical practices also benefits patients, because it can be used to identify other fatal genetic disorders associated with ASD and to advise parents on recurrence risk. Despite the benefits of genetic testing in the ASD field, there remain two communication gaps between families of patients affected by ASD and genetic counselors. First, there are few patient education resources on why patients with ASD should get genetic testing, resulting in a lack of awareness. The second communication gap is the challenge of explaining complex genomic results to families of patients who choose to undergo genetic testing. This master's research project aims to bridge both communication gaps through the implementation of an interactive web-based resource. With the use of visual analogies and storytelling techniques, the tool will aid in knowledge translation and improve society's understanding of genetic testing in the field of ASD.","PeriodicalId":75049,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of biocommunication","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79754580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preoperative anemia affects up to 76% of the surgical population. One of the strongest predictors of allogenic blood transfusions (ABT), preoperative anemia is associated with worse patient outcomes including post-operative morbidity and mortality. Patient blood management (PBM) is a multidisciplinary program developed to address preoperative anemia and prevent unnecessary transfusions. Though PBM has been shown to reduce ABT and improve patient outcomes, many barriers to PBM implementation exist. Among these is patients' lack of awareness and insufficient patient-centered educational resources that could improve patient activation. Previous studies suggest that character-driven stories are especially effective in sign-posting access to health resources among different demographics. However, due to production limitations and adherence to current motion graphic trends (e.g., whiteboard animation and text animation), character-driven stories tend to be neglected in patient education. We propose to develop a patient education animation focused on three representative preoperative anemia patients. The narrative follows the characters' health journeys from diagnosis to treatment, as we use a combination of 2D and 3D character animation, motion graphics, and data visualization to clarify some of the most common misconceptions and knowledge gaps around pre-operative anemia. We aim for the animation to achieve two main communication goals: 1) to educate all preoperative patients on the risk and benefits of blood transfusion; and 2) to improve public awareness of the Patient Blood Management Program (PBM), thereby increasing patient activation and enhancing preoperative care outcomes. Upon completion, this project will be the first character-driven educational animation addressing PBM. Evaluation of this project will provide further evidence of the effectiveness of character-driven storytelling in inspiring patient activation, which will enable more biomedical communicators to produce better patient-education resources.
{"title":"Patient Education on Pre-operative Anemia: Using Character Animation to Promote Patient Activation","authors":"Tracy Xiang, K. Pavenski, S. Wall","doi":"10.5210/jbc.v43i2.10281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/jbc.v43i2.10281","url":null,"abstract":"Preoperative anemia affects up to 76% of the surgical population. One of the strongest predictors of allogenic blood transfusions (ABT), preoperative anemia is associated with worse patient outcomes including post-operative morbidity and mortality. Patient blood management (PBM) is a multidisciplinary program developed to address preoperative anemia and prevent unnecessary transfusions. Though PBM has been shown to reduce ABT and improve patient outcomes, many barriers to PBM implementation exist. Among these is patients' lack of awareness and insufficient patient-centered educational resources that could improve patient activation. Previous studies suggest that character-driven stories are especially effective in sign-posting access to health resources among different demographics. However, due to production limitations and adherence to current motion graphic trends (e.g., whiteboard animation and text animation), character-driven stories tend to be neglected in patient education. We propose to develop a patient education animation focused on three representative preoperative anemia patients. The narrative follows the characters' health journeys from diagnosis to treatment, as we use a combination of 2D and 3D character animation, motion graphics, and data visualization to clarify some of the most common misconceptions and knowledge gaps around pre-operative anemia. We aim for the animation to achieve two main communication goals: 1) to educate all preoperative patients on the risk and benefits of blood transfusion; and 2) to improve public awareness of the Patient Blood Management Program (PBM), thereby increasing patient activation and enhancing preoperative care outcomes. Upon completion, this project will be the first character-driven educational animation addressing PBM. Evaluation of this project will provide further evidence of the effectiveness of character-driven storytelling in inspiring patient activation, which will enable more biomedical communicators to produce better patient-education resources.","PeriodicalId":75049,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of biocommunication","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83001287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The hippocampus is a critical region of the brain involved in memory and learning. It has been widely researched in animals and humans due to its role in consolidating new experiences into long-term declarative memories and its vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases. The hippocampus is a complex, curved structure containing many interconnected regions that consist of distinct cell types. Despite the importance of understanding the normal state of hippocampal anatomy for studying its functions and the disease processes that affect it, didactic educational resources are severely limited. The literature on the hippocampus is expansive and detailed, but a communication gap exists between researchers presenting hippocampal data and those seeking to improve their understanding of this part of the brain. The hippocampus is typically viewed in a two-dimensional fashion; students and scientists have difficulty visualizing its three-dimensional anatomy and its structural relationships in space. To improve understanding of the hippocampus, an interactive, web-based educational resource was created containing a pre-rendered 3D animation and manipulatable 3D models of hippocampal regions. Segmentations of magnetic resonance imaging data were modified and sculpted to build idealized anatomical models suitable for teaching purposes. These models were animated in combination with illustrations and narration to introduce the viewer to the subject, and the completed animation was uploaded online and embedded into the interactive. A separate section of the interactive allows the user to rotate the models, hide and show different regions, and access additional explanatory text. The user interface and interactivity were coded to allow exploration of hippocampal regions and navigation between sections of the resource. The resources developed in this project provide a didactic and accessible visualization for graduate students, researchers, clinicians, and other individuals involved in neuroscience. The animation and interactive models allow users to reinforce their understanding of 3D hippocampal anatomy and connectivity. By improving visual understanding of the hippocampus, this project aims to advance the communication and scientific study of hippocampus-related topics, such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease.
{"title":"Morphology of Memory: Creating a Web-Based 3D Interactive Resource to Teach the Anatomy of the Human Hippocampus","authors":"Alisa Brandt, David W. Nauen, M. Miller, L. Gregg","doi":"10.5210/JBC.V43I2.10226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/JBC.V43I2.10226","url":null,"abstract":"The hippocampus is a critical region of the brain involved in memory and learning. It has been widely researched in animals and humans due to its role in consolidating new experiences into long-term declarative memories and its vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases. The hippocampus is a complex, curved structure containing many interconnected regions that consist of distinct cell types. Despite the importance of understanding the normal state of hippocampal anatomy for studying its functions and the disease processes that affect it, didactic educational resources are severely limited. The literature on the hippocampus is expansive and detailed, but a communication gap exists between researchers presenting hippocampal data and those seeking to improve their understanding of this part of the brain. The hippocampus is typically viewed in a two-dimensional fashion; students and scientists have difficulty visualizing its three-dimensional anatomy and its structural relationships in space. To improve understanding of the hippocampus, an interactive, web-based educational resource was created containing a pre-rendered 3D animation and manipulatable 3D models of hippocampal regions. Segmentations of magnetic resonance imaging data were modified and sculpted to build idealized anatomical models suitable for teaching purposes. These models were animated in combination with illustrations and narration to introduce the viewer to the subject, and the completed animation was uploaded online and embedded into the interactive. A separate section of the interactive allows the user to rotate the models, hide and show different regions, and access additional explanatory text. The user interface and interactivity were coded to allow exploration of hippocampal regions and navigation between sections of the resource. The resources developed in this project provide a didactic and accessible visualization for graduate students, researchers, clinicians, and other individuals involved in neuroscience. The animation and interactive models allow users to reinforce their understanding of 3D hippocampal anatomy and connectivity. By improving visual understanding of the hippocampus, this project aims to advance the communication and scientific study of hippocampus-related topics, such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease.","PeriodicalId":75049,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of biocommunication","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79875724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-27eCollection Date: 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5210/jbc.v43i2.9568
Thomas St John Merrill
In this column, we look back at the content and imagery found in the Journal of the Biological Photographic Association (JBPA), later renamed the Journal of Biological Photography (JBP). This column examines important articles from 25 years ago. In doing so, we gain some insight into those legacy photography techniques of that time.
{"title":"25 Years Ago in the JBPA/JBP.","authors":"Thomas St John Merrill","doi":"10.5210/jbc.v43i2.9568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/jbc.v43i2.9568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this column, we look back at the content and imagery found in the Journal of the Biological Photographic Association (JBPA), later renamed the Journal of Biological Photography (JBP). This column examines important articles from 25 years ago. In doing so, we gain some insight into those legacy photography techniques of that time.</p>","PeriodicalId":75049,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of biocommunication","volume":"43 2","pages":"e9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ba/1e/jbc-43-2-e9.PMC9140056.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40503650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-27eCollection Date: 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5210/jbc.v43i2.10229
Eleanor Milman, John Daugherty, Zeresenay Alemseged, Kevin Brennan, Leah Lebowicz
Since it was named in 1978, analyses of Australopithecus afarensis have culminated in several dominant theories on how humans acquired many of their unique adaptations. Because bipedal locomotion is one of the earliest characteristics of human functional anatomy to appear in the fossil record, its associated anatomy in early hominins has significant implications for human evolution (Stern 2000). The skeleton and overall morphological characteristics of the foot in Australopithecus afarensis provide important clues about the origins of upright bipedal locomotion. Popularly known as "Selam," the 3.3 million-year-old DIK-1-1 fossil was discovered in Dikika, Ethiopia by Dr. Zeresenay Alemseged and his team in 2000. Selam was an australopithecine who died at three years old, making her the youngest early hominin specimen known today (Alemseged et al. 2006). This discovery allows researchers to investigate not only locomotor patterns of A. afarensis within the context of human evolution, but also to examine what child development may have looked like during this pivotal time. The purpose of this project is to create a 3D animation that accurately reconstructs the anatomy and taphonomy of the Dikika foot. By segmenting CT data, 3D modelling, and animating, this investigation aims to contribute to the breadth of fossil reconstruction techniques in the field of biomedical visualization. This method provides a robust means of communication within, and beyond, the paleoanthropological community about new discoveries and how to visualize them.
自1978年被命名以来，对阿法南猿的分析在人类如何获得许多独特适应能力的几个主流理论中达到了顶峰。由于两足运动是化石记录中最早出现的人类功能解剖学特征之一，因此其在早期古人类中的相关解剖学对人类进化具有重要意义(Stern 2000)。南方古猿阿法种足部骨骼和整体形态特征为直立两足运动的起源提供了重要线索。这块330万年前的DIK-1-1化石被Zeresenay Alemseged博士和他的团队于2000年在埃塞俄比亚的Dikika发现。Selam是一只南方古猿，在三岁时死亡，使她成为当今已知的最年轻的早期人类标本(Alemseged et al. 2006)。这一发现使研究人员不仅可以在人类进化的背景下研究南方古猿阿法种的运动模式，还可以研究在这一关键时期儿童的发育情况。这个项目的目的是创建一个3D动画，准确地重建解剖和地形学的Dikika足。通过分割CT数据，三维建模和动画，本研究旨在促进生物医学可视化领域化石重建技术的广度。这种方法为古人类学界内外提供了一种强有力的交流方式，让人们了解新的发现以及如何将它们形象化。
{"title":"Visualization of a Juvenile Australopithecus afarensis Specimen: Implications for Functional Foot Anatomy.","authors":"Eleanor Milman, John Daugherty, Zeresenay Alemseged, Kevin Brennan, Leah Lebowicz","doi":"10.5210/jbc.v43i2.10229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/jbc.v43i2.10229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since it was named in 1978, analyses of Australopithecus afarensis have culminated in several dominant theories on how humans acquired many of their unique adaptations. Because bipedal locomotion is one of the earliest characteristics of human functional anatomy to appear in the fossil record, its associated anatomy in early hominins has significant implications for human evolution (Stern 2000). The skeleton and overall morphological characteristics of the foot in Australopithecus afarensis provide important clues about the origins of upright bipedal locomotion. Popularly known as \"Selam,\" the 3.3 million-year-old DIK-1-1 fossil was discovered in Dikika, Ethiopia by Dr. Zeresenay Alemseged and his team in 2000. Selam was an australopithecine who died at three years old, making her the youngest early hominin specimen known today (Alemseged et al. 2006). This discovery allows researchers to investigate not only locomotor patterns of A. afarensis within the context of human evolution, but also to examine what child development may have looked like during this pivotal time. The purpose of this project is to create a 3D animation that accurately reconstructs the anatomy and taphonomy of the Dikika foot. By segmenting CT data, 3D modelling, and animating, this investigation aims to contribute to the breadth of fossil reconstruction techniques in the field of biomedical visualization. This method provides a robust means of communication within, and beyond, the paleoanthropological community about new discoveries and how to visualize them.</p>","PeriodicalId":75049,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of biocommunication","volume":"43 2","pages":"e11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b6/33/jbc-43-2-e11.PMC9138551.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40503647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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