The Journal of biocommunication最新文献

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Morphology of Memory: Creating a Web-Based 3D Interactive Resource to Teach the Anatomy of the Human Hippocampus 记忆的形态:创建一个基于web的3D互动资源来教授人类海马体的解剖

The Journal of biocommunication

Pub Date : 2019-11-27 DOI: 10.5210/JBC.V43I2.10226

Alisa Brandt, David W. Nauen, M. Miller, L. Gregg

The hippocampus is a critical region of the brain involved in memory and learning. It has been widely researched in animals and humans due to its role in consolidating new experiences into long-term declarative memories and its vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases. The hippocampus is a complex, curved structure containing many interconnected regions that consist of distinct cell types. Despite the importance of understanding the normal state of hippocampal anatomy for studying its functions and the disease processes that affect it, didactic educational resources are severely limited. The literature on the hippocampus is expansive and detailed, but a communication gap exists between researchers presenting hippocampal data and those seeking to improve their understanding of this part of the brain. The hippocampus is typically viewed in a two-dimensional fashion; students and scientists have difficulty visualizing its three-dimensional anatomy and its structural relationships in space. To improve understanding of the hippocampus, an interactive, web-based educational resource was created containing a pre-rendered 3D animation and manipulatable 3D models of hippocampal regions. Segmentations of magnetic resonance imaging data were modified and sculpted to build idealized anatomical models suitable for teaching purposes. These models were animated in combination with illustrations and narration to introduce the viewer to the subject, and the completed animation was uploaded online and embedded into the interactive. A separate section of the interactive allows the user to rotate the models, hide and show different regions, and access additional explanatory text. The user interface and interactivity were coded to allow exploration of hippocampal regions and navigation between sections of the resource. The resources developed in this project provide a didactic and accessible visualization for graduate students, researchers, clinicians, and other individuals involved in neuroscience. The animation and interactive models allow users to reinforce their understanding of 3D hippocampal anatomy and connectivity. By improving visual understanding of the hippocampus, this project aims to advance the communication and scientific study of hippocampus-related topics, such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease.

海马体是大脑中与记忆和学习有关的关键区域。由于它在将新经历巩固为长期陈述性记忆中的作用以及它在神经退行性疾病中的脆弱性，它已经在动物和人类中得到了广泛的研究。海马体是一个复杂的弯曲结构，包含许多由不同细胞类型组成的相互连接的区域。尽管了解海马解剖的正常状态对于研究其功能和影响其的疾病过程具有重要意义，但教学教育资源严重有限。关于海马体的文献是广泛而详细的，但在提供海马体数据的研究人员和那些寻求提高对大脑这部分理解的研究人员之间存在沟通差距。海马体通常以二维的方式被观察;学生和科学家很难想象它的三维解剖结构及其在空间中的结构关系。为了提高对海马体的理解，我们创建了一个交互式的基于网络的教育资源，其中包含预渲染的3D动画和可操作的海马体区域3D模型。对磁共振成像数据的分割进行修改和雕刻，以建立适合教学目的的理想解剖模型。这些模型以动画的形式结合插图和旁白向观众介绍主题，完成后的动画上传到网上并嵌入到互动中。交互的单独部分允许用户旋转模型，隐藏和显示不同的区域，以及访问额外的解释性文本。用户界面和交互性进行了编码，以允许探索海马体区域和在资源的各个部分之间导航。本项目开发的资源为研究生、研究人员、临床医生和其他涉及神经科学的个人提供了一个教学和可访问的可视化。动画和互动模型允许用户加强他们对3D海马解剖和连接的理解。通过提高对海马体的视觉理解，该项目旨在促进海马体相关主题的交流和科学研究，如癫痫和阿尔茨海默病。

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引用次数: 0

25 Years Ago in the JBPA/JBP. 25年前在JBPA/JBP。

The Journal of biocommunication

Pub Date : 2019-11-27 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5210/jbc.v43i2.9568

Thomas St John Merrill

In this column, we look back at the content and imagery found in the Journal of the Biological Photographic Association (JBPA), later renamed the Journal of Biological Photography (JBP). This column examines important articles from 25 years ago. In doing so, we gain some insight into those legacy photography techniques of that time.

在本专栏中，我们将回顾《生物摄影协会杂志》(JBPA)上的内容和图像，该杂志后来更名为《生物摄影杂志》(JBP)。本专栏回顾了25年前的重要文章。在这样做的过程中，我们对那些遗留下来的摄影技术有了一些了解。

引用次数: 0

Visualization of a Juvenile Australopithecus afarensis Specimen: Implications for Functional Foot Anatomy. 幼年南方古猿阿法种标本的可视化:对功能性足解剖的影响。

The Journal of biocommunication

Pub Date : 2019-11-27 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5210/jbc.v43i2.10229

Eleanor Milman, John Daugherty, Zeresenay Alemseged, Kevin Brennan, Leah Lebowicz

Since it was named in 1978, analyses of Australopithecus afarensis have culminated in several dominant theories on how humans acquired many of their unique adaptations. Because bipedal locomotion is one of the earliest characteristics of human functional anatomy to appear in the fossil record, its associated anatomy in early hominins has significant implications for human evolution (Stern 2000). The skeleton and overall morphological characteristics of the foot in Australopithecus afarensis provide important clues about the origins of upright bipedal locomotion. Popularly known as "Selam," the 3.3 million-year-old DIK-1-1 fossil was discovered in Dikika, Ethiopia by Dr. Zeresenay Alemseged and his team in 2000. Selam was an australopithecine who died at three years old, making her the youngest early hominin specimen known today (Alemseged et al. 2006). This discovery allows researchers to investigate not only locomotor patterns of A. afarensis within the context of human evolution, but also to examine what child development may have looked like during this pivotal time. The purpose of this project is to create a 3D animation that accurately reconstructs the anatomy and taphonomy of the Dikika foot. By segmenting CT data, 3D modelling, and animating, this investigation aims to contribute to the breadth of fossil reconstruction techniques in the field of biomedical visualization. This method provides a robust means of communication within, and beyond, the paleoanthropological community about new discoveries and how to visualize them.

自1978年被命名以来，对阿法南猿的分析在人类如何获得许多独特适应能力的几个主流理论中达到了顶峰。由于两足运动是化石记录中最早出现的人类功能解剖学特征之一，因此其在早期古人类中的相关解剖学对人类进化具有重要意义(Stern 2000)。南方古猿阿法种足部骨骼和整体形态特征为直立两足运动的起源提供了重要线索。这块330万年前的DIK-1-1化石被Zeresenay Alemseged博士和他的团队于2000年在埃塞俄比亚的Dikika发现。Selam是一只南方古猿，在三岁时死亡，使她成为当今已知的最年轻的早期人类标本(Alemseged et al. 2006)。这一发现使研究人员不仅可以在人类进化的背景下研究南方古猿阿法种的运动模式，还可以研究在这一关键时期儿童的发育情况。这个项目的目的是创建一个3D动画，准确地重建解剖和地形学的Dikika足。通过分割CT数据，三维建模和动画，本研究旨在促进生物医学可视化领域化石重建技术的广度。这种方法为古人类学界内外提供了一种强有力的交流方式，让人们了解新的发现以及如何将它们形象化。

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引用次数: 0

AMI Salon Winners - 2019: Milwaukee AMI Annual Meeting. AMI沙龙获胜者- 2019:密尔沃基AMI年会。

The Journal of biocommunication

Pub Date : 2019-11-27 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01

This JBC Gallery features the Salon award winners from AMI's 2019 annual meeting held in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The annual meeting Salon exhibition represents the AMI's visual media competition showcasing some of the finest medical illustration, animation, graphics, and media in the life sciences and medicine.

这个JBC画廊展示了在威斯康星州密尔沃基举行的AMI 2019年年会的沙龙获奖者。年度会议沙龙展览代表了美国医学协会的视觉媒体竞赛，展示了生命科学和医学领域一些最好的医学插图、动画、图形和媒体。

引用次数: 0

BCA BIOIMAGES Winners - 2019: Asilomar BCA Annual Meeting. BCA BIOIMAGES 获奖者 - 2019年：阿西洛马 BCA 年会。

The Journal of biocommunication

Pub Date : 2019-11-27 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01

This JBC Gallery features the BioImages award winners from BIOCOMM 2019 held at Asilomar State Beach & Conference Center in Pacific Grove, California. BioImages represents the BCA's annual visual media competition that showcases the finest still imagery, graphics, and motion media in the life sciences and medicine.

这个JBC画廊展示了在加利福尼亚州太平洋格罗夫的Asilomar州立海滩和会议中心举行的2019年BIOCOMM生物图像奖得主。BioImages是BCA的年度视觉媒体竞赛，展示了生命科学和医学领域最好的静止图像、图形和运动媒体。

引用次数: 0

Using Multimedia Principles to Reduce Visual Complexity of Transcriptional Regulation in Cancer 利用多媒体原理降低肿瘤转录调控的视觉复杂性

The Journal of biocommunication

Pub Date : 2019-11-27 DOI: 10.5210/jbc.v43i2.10228

Dani E Bergey, Kevin Brennan, D. Milkowski, Christine D. Young

Environmental factors can regulate gene expression without changing the genetic code itself, a process called epigenetics. One currently active area of genetic and epigenetic research is into the regulation of a tumor-inducing gene called Mylocytomatosis, or MYC, which is involved in many types of cancer. As genetic discoveries, such as the regulation of MYC, are generating more interest from the medical community and the public, creating effective visuals is of increasing importance. However, research studies on the general public's understanding of genetics have demonstrated a poor grasp of genetic concepts - a finding that also appears in similar studies of undergraduate genetics students, medical students, and practicing physicians. Fortunately, visual learning studies and multimedia design principles have established methods for improving comprehension of biomedical topics. Animation, in particular, has the benefit of pairing narration and dynamic visuals, which, when used together, benefit long-term memory more than the use of static images. Here, we employ visual design strategies (including content mapping, storyboarding, and user studies), multimedia learning principles, and 3D molecular animation to successfully improve the understanding of a complex genetic topic to an audience with a wide range of background knowledge. This study presents the first and most accurate animation of the complex interactions of transcription initiation and elongation on a molecular scale. The animation includes the initiation complex, the transcription elongation complex, MYC, Pol II, and the assortment of transcription factors that assist in modulating the rate of elongation of Pol II. The resulting product is a three-minute animation which uses audio, visuals, and a deep understanding of multimedia principles to significantly increase individuals' prior knowledge of a complex topic in molecular genetics.

环境因素可以在不改变遗传密码本身的情况下调节基因表达，这一过程被称为表观遗传学。目前遗传学和表观遗传学研究的一个活跃领域是对一种叫做mylococytomatosis (MYC)的肿瘤诱导基因的调控，MYC与许多类型的癌症有关。随着诸如MYC调控等基因发现引起医学界和公众越来越多的兴趣，创造有效的视觉效果变得越来越重要。然而，关于普通大众对遗传学的理解的研究表明，他们对遗传学概念的理解很差——这一发现也出现在对本科遗传学学生、医学院学生和执业医生的类似研究中。幸运的是，视觉学习研究和多媒体设计原则已经建立了提高对生物医学主题理解的方法。尤其是动画，它具有将叙事和动态视觉结合起来的好处，当它们一起使用时，比使用静态图像更有利于长期记忆。在这里，我们采用视觉设计策略(包括内容映射、故事板和用户研究)、多媒体学习原则和3D分子动画，成功地提高了具有广泛背景知识的受众对复杂遗传主题的理解。这项研究提出了转录起始和延伸在分子尺度上的复杂相互作用的第一个和最准确的动画。动画包括起始复合物，转录延伸复合物，MYC, Pol II，和各种转录因子，协助调节Pol II的延伸率。由此产生的产品是一个三分钟的动画，它使用音频，视觉效果和对多媒体原理的深刻理解，以显着增加个人对分子遗传学复杂主题的先验知识。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of Expertise on Perception and Understanding on Viewing a Molecular Animation of the Lung Endothelial Surface Layer and its Role in Inflammation 专业知识对感知和理解观察肺内皮表面层分子动画及其在炎症中的作用的影响

The Journal of biocommunication

Pub Date : 2019-11-27 DOI: 10.5210/jbc.v43i2.10227

Chinami Michaels, Kevin Brennan, Leah A. Lebowicz, R. Dull, Christine D. Young

A study of the effect of expertise on the perception and understanding of a 3D biomedical animation and the ability of a 3D animation of the lung endothelial surface layer to generate understanding of, and interest in, the lung endothelial surface layer was carried out using a mix of quantitative and qualitative approaches. The animation was tested using eye-tracking with five lung trauma researchers who were experts on the animation's topic, the lung endothelial surface layer, and with 15 biomedical visualization graduate students who lacked prior knowledge of the structure and science of the lung endothelial surface layer. Information on demographics, knowledge gain on the lung endothelial surface layer, eye-tracking recordings, cued-retrospective reports, and written open-ended feedback were collected from both groups. The eye-tracking results, cued-retrospective audio recordings, and surveys between the groups of experts and novices showed expertise influenced perception and understanding of the animation of the lung ESL. The group with high expertise on the lung endothelial surface layer rated the animation as very engaging. They gained knowledge on the lung endothelial surface layer from the animation and would recommend the animation to their colleagues as an introduction to their research. Their eye-tracking results and cued-retrospective reporting showed greater attention paid to areas of high scientific relevancy in the animation. They also showed a viewing pattern of switching to one modality (audio or visual) to seek new information when shown familiar representations similar to schematics in the science literature. The group without prior knowledge of the lung endothelial surface layer focus also gained in knowledge of the lung endothelial surface layer after watching the animation. They paid more attention to aspects of how the animation was created and less to the scientifically relevant areas. They rated the animation on average as moderately engaging. These results demonstrate how important designing for a target audience is in order to maximize multimedia's potential to fully engage and generate interest, as prior expertise greatly influences how an audience perceives and understands biomedical animations.

研究了专业知识对三维生物医学动画的感知和理解的影响，以及肺内皮表面层三维动画对肺内皮表面层的理解和兴趣的能力，采用定量和定性的混合方法进行。该动画由五名肺外伤研究人员进行眼动追踪测试，他们是动画主题肺内皮表面层的专家，以及15名缺乏肺内皮表面层结构和科学知识的生物医学可视化研究生。收集两组患者的人口统计信息、肺内皮表面层知识获取情况、眼球追踪记录、线索回顾性报告和书面开放式反馈。眼动追踪结果、线索-回顾性录音以及专家组和新手组之间的调查显示，专业知识影响对肺部ESL动画的感知和理解。在肺内皮表面层方面具有高度专业知识的小组认为动画非常吸引人。他们从动画中获得了关于肺内皮表面层的知识，并将动画推荐给他们的同事作为他们研究的介绍。他们的眼球追踪结果和线索回顾报告显示，他们更关注动画中与科学高度相关的领域。当看到与科学文献中的原理图相似的熟悉表示时，他们也表现出切换到一种模式(音频或视觉)来寻找新信息的观看模式。先前不知道肺内皮表面层病灶的组在观看动画后也获得了肺内皮表面层的知识。他们更多地关注动画是如何制作的，而不是科学相关的领域。他们对动画的平均评价是中等吸引力。这些结果表明，为了最大限度地发挥多媒体充分参与和产生兴趣的潜力，为目标受众设计是多么重要，因为先前的专业知识极大地影响了受众如何感知和理解生物医学动画。

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引用次数: 0

Integrative Modeling and Visualization of Exosomes. 外泌体的综合建模和可视化。

The Journal of biocommunication

Pub Date : 2019-11-27 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5210/jbc.v43i2.10331

Julia Jiménez, Ludovic Autin, Inmaculada Ibáñez de Cáceres, David S Goodsell

Information from proteomics, microscopy, and structural biology are integrated to create structural models of exosomes, small vesicles released from cells. Three visualization methods are employed and compared: 2D painting of a cross section using traditional media, manual creation of a cross section using the mesoscale 2.5D digital painting software cellPAINT, and generation of a 3D atomic model using the mesoscale modeling program cellPACK.

综合蛋白质组学、显微镜和结构生物学的信息，创建外泌体（细胞释放的小囊泡）的结构模型。该研究采用了三种可视化方法并进行了比较：使用传统媒体绘制二维横截面、使用中尺度 2.5D 数字绘画软件 cellPAINT 手动创建横截面，以及使用中尺度建模程序 cellPACK 生成三维原子模型。

引用次数: 0

Using Drawing as an Active Engagement Tool to Empower Learners and Promote Teaching of Health Topics 利用绘画作为一种积极参与的工具来增强学习者的能力，促进健康主题的教学

The Journal of biocommunication

Pub Date : 2019-11-27 DOI: 10.5210/jbc.v43i2.10172

Arianna Selagea, Leah A. Lebowicz, Samantha Bond, John Daugherty

Particular barriers to health care and the lack of proper health education causes many community members of Lagos, Nigeria to suffer from diseases because they do not know how to prevent their development, contraction and/or spread. Hypertension is one such disease that may remain undetected until it is too late, since many community members cannot correctly define blood pressure, its causes, and the impact certain values have upon health. By educating the community of Lagos of the importance of taking their blood pressure and interpreting values correctly, members are encouraged to seek proper help to make the disease's management more successful. At the basis of understanding hypertension is knowing the anatomy, which can be learned most effectively using an active engagement method, like drawing. The target audience is two fold: Community Health Educators (CHEs), who are volunteers trained through Northwestern's current Access to Health initiative, and low-literacy community members who lack access to health care/ information and are educated by the CHEs. Active engagement can help improve learning and retention of information by the CHEs and similar audiences who intend to teach others. Through an active engagement such as drawing, the CHEs can be educated and empowered to teach low-literacy community members health topics. Drawing can be applied in all settings and has been found to increase knowledge gain, retention, and problem-solving skills. Viewing and following the process of drawing is beneficial in understanding how structures are related and how they function.5 Providing a partially drawn base image to complete also aids learning by reducing cognitive load and increasing accuracy of the final image. By incorporating a warm-up exercise and simple drawing steps in a video, CHEs and similar populations can learn how to draw health concepts and become empowered to educate lower-literacy community members using drawing at any place and time of need.

保健方面的特殊障碍和缺乏适当的保健教育使尼日利亚拉各斯的许多社区成员患上疾病，因为他们不知道如何预防疾病的发展、收缩和(或)传播。高血压就是这样一种疾病，由于许多社区成员不能正确地定义血压、其原因以及某些价值观对健康的影响，可能直到为时已晚才被发现。通过教育拉各斯社区了解测量血压和正确解释血压值的重要性，鼓励成员寻求适当的帮助，使疾病的管理更加成功。了解高血压的基础是了解解剖学，这可以通过积极参与的方法最有效地学习，比如画画。目标受众有两方面:社区卫生教育工作者(CHEs)，他们是通过西北大学目前的“获得健康倡议”培训的志愿者，以及缺乏卫生保健/信息的低识字率社区成员，他们接受了这些教育。积极参与可以帮助社区教育工作者和打算教别人的类似受众改善学习和保留信息。通过绘画等积极参与，卫生保健人员可以接受教育，并有能力向低识字率社区成员讲授卫生主题。绘画可以应用于所有环境，并且已经发现可以增加知识的获取，保留和解决问题的能力。观看并遵循绘图过程有助于理解结构之间的关系及其功能提供部分绘制的基础图像来完成也有助于通过减少认知负荷和提高最终图像的准确性来学习。通过在视频中加入热身练习和简单的绘画步骤，卫生保健中心和类似人群可以学习如何绘制健康概念，并有权在需要的任何地点和时间使用绘画教育低识字率社区成员。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of Visual Scientific Data on Comprehension and Perception of Educational Animations for Biomedical Researchers 视觉科学数据对生物医学研究者理解和感知教育动画的影响

The Journal of biocommunication

Pub Date : 2019-11-27 DOI: 10.5210/jbc.v43i2.10223

Isabel Romero Calvo, Leah A. Lebowicz, Christine D. Young, Kevin Brennan

Due to the rapid evolution of biomedical research, it is crucial to effectively communicate new technological advances in topics such as organoid models in cancer therapeutics to help improve health outcomes. Visual communication, including animation, has been shown to improve cognition and understanding of complex biological processes. However, there is contradictory information about the amount of detail that should be used for effective communication when utilizing animation. Although it is known that the inclusion of detailed references increases the scientific community's perceived credibility of the visualization, the effect of including visual scientific data is unknown. This research examines the impact of including visual scientific data in an educational animation by analyzing biomedical researchers' perception of credibility and learning outcomes with respect to cancer organoid research.

由于生物医学研究的快速发展，有效交流癌症治疗中的类器官模型等主题的新技术进展以帮助改善健康结果至关重要。视觉交流，包括动画，已经被证明可以提高对复杂生物过程的认知和理解。然而，关于在使用动画时应该用于有效沟通的细节数量，存在相互矛盾的信息。虽然我们知道，包含详细的参考文献会增加科学界对可视化的可信度，但包含可视化科学数据的效果是未知的。本研究通过分析生物医学研究人员对癌症类器官研究的可信度和学习成果的看法，探讨了在教育动画中包含视觉科学数据的影响。

引用次数: 0

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