Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276734
I. Shumyhai, V. Konishchuk, V. Moroz, N. Manishevska
In recent decades, the main objects of biogeochemical research have become the territories of agroecosystems, industrial cities and adjacent agricultural lands. The problem of environmental pollution with pollutants, chemical compounds of microelement composition is one of the most important problems of environmental safety. At present, modern studies of scientists consider toxic heavy metals as the most dangerous pollutants of soil, water and plant products of agriculture. In addition, the most active agents of pollution are their mobile chemical forms, which are able to pass from solid phases into soil and water solutions and be absorbed by plants and other organisms. Cereal crops have the ability to absorb nutrients both through the root system and the leaf apparatus, the surface of the stem. Also, trace elements are involved in many physiological and biochemical processes in plants, including acceleration of development, flowering, fertilization and fruiting, metabolism, etc. Quantitative characteristics of the migration of heavy metals from soil to plants during 2022 were evaluated for the studied territories of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine, in particular in Kyiv and Vinnytsia regions. Complex studies were carried out to determine the influence of Zn2+ and Cu2+ on phytocomponents of ecosystems. At the same time, data were obtained on the effect of zinc and copper salts on seed germination and growth of winter wheat seedlings. It is shown that, depending on the concentration of salts, there is a different effect on seed germination. As you know, heavy metals have a mutagenic, toxic effect and affect the intensity of biochemical processes. The authors established that according to the ecotoxicological criterion of bioaccumulation in the «soil — plant» system, the studied trace elements can be arranged in the following order: Cu2+ > Zn2+. Based on the results of experimental and theoretical research, a comparative analysis of the accumulation of heavy metals in the organs of Triticum aestivum (vulgare) L. (common wheat) is presented. According to the results of field experience, differences in the distribution of Zn 2+ and Cu 2+ in the organs of winter wheat have been established, grown on typical chernozem and gray podzolized soils. It was found that the main barrier function of the inactivation of the investigated heavy metals is performed by the roots of plants.
{"title":"Biogeochemical and physiological adaptability of winter wheat (Triticum L.) under the influence of heavy metals in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"I. Shumyhai, V. Konishchuk, V. Moroz, N. Manishevska","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276734","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, the main objects of biogeochemical research have become the territories of agroecosystems, industrial cities and adjacent agricultural lands. The problem of environmental pollution with pollutants, chemical compounds of microelement composition is one of the most important problems of environmental safety. At present, modern studies of scientists consider toxic heavy metals as the most dangerous pollutants of soil, water and plant products of agriculture. In addition, the most active agents of pollution are their mobile chemical forms, which are able to pass from solid phases into soil and water solutions and be absorbed by plants and other organisms. Cereal crops have the ability to absorb nutrients both through the root system and the leaf apparatus, the surface of the stem. Also, trace elements are involved in many physiological and biochemical processes in plants, including acceleration of development, flowering, fertilization and fruiting, metabolism, etc. Quantitative characteristics of the migration of heavy metals from soil to plants during 2022 were evaluated for the studied territories of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine, in particular in Kyiv and Vinnytsia regions. Complex studies were carried out to determine the influence of Zn2+ and Cu2+ on phytocomponents of ecosystems. At the same time, data were obtained on the effect of zinc and copper salts on seed germination and growth of winter wheat seedlings. It is shown that, depending on the concentration of salts, there is a different effect on seed germination. As you know, heavy metals have a mutagenic, toxic effect and affect the intensity of biochemical processes. The authors established that according to the ecotoxicological criterion of bioaccumulation in the «soil — plant» system, the studied trace elements can be arranged in the following order: Cu2+ > Zn2+. Based on the results of experimental and theoretical research, a comparative analysis of the accumulation of heavy metals in the organs of Triticum aestivum (vulgare) L. (common wheat) is presented. According to the results of field experience, differences in the distribution of Zn 2+ and Cu 2+ in the organs of winter wheat have been established, grown on typical chernozem and gray podzolized soils. It was found that the main barrier function of the inactivation of the investigated heavy metals is performed by the roots of plants.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89001026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276730
O. Mudrak, O. Maievskyi, A. Parfenyuk, Yevheniia Tkach, O. Tertychna
The article examines the ecological and biological significance of the action of animal poisons as an evolutionary adaptation that maximizes the adaptation of more than 250,000 species to the conditions of their habitat. It was found that animal poisons have a significant impact on the formation and course of various forms of connections in ecosystems, perform several ecological functions and are important biotic factors of the environment. The best-studied venomous animals have been found to be snakes, of over 3,800 different species, only a small number are highly venomous. The Viperidae family includes 101 species of poisonous snakes. In Europe, Vipera ammodytes, Vipera aspis, Vipera berus, Vipera latastei, Vipera seoanei and Vipera ursinii are the most dangerous species, their bites cause severe poisoning. In Ukraine, the genus Vipera is represented by the steppe viper (Vipera renardi (Cristoph, 1861)) and two subspecies of the common viper (Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758)) — Vipera berus berus and Nikolsky’s viper (Vipera berus nikolskii, Vedmederja Grubant et Rudaeva, 1986). The factors that affect the diversity of the composition of snake venom are given. It is noted that snake venoms are complex mixtures of proteins, peptides and low molecular weight substances, among which enzymes and non-enzymatic components are distinguished. The biological properties of snake venom depend significantly on the properties of its components, which have a wide range of effects on the general state of homeostasis of a living organism. A generalization of scientific data on the study of the chemical composition of the venom of Vipera renardi, Vipera berus nikolskii and Vipera berus berus and the effects of these venoms on the functioning of the mammalian body has been carried out. It was found that the venom of Vipera berus nikolskii is the most, and Vipera renardi — the least toxic for mammals (mice). The effect of Vipera berus nikolskii and Vipera berus berus venom on the proteolytic balance of individual organs of rats was evaluated. It is emphasized that viper venom toxins have a great, not yet fully developed potential in many scientific fields, therefore they deserve further practical research.
{"title":"Environmental and biological significance of the action of viper poison on the homeostasis of mammals","authors":"O. Mudrak, O. Maievskyi, A. Parfenyuk, Yevheniia Tkach, O. Tertychna","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276730","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the ecological and biological significance of the action of animal poisons as an evolutionary adaptation that maximizes the adaptation of more than 250,000 species to the conditions of their habitat. It was found that animal poisons have a significant impact on the formation and course of various forms of connections in ecosystems, perform several ecological functions and are important biotic factors of the environment. The best-studied venomous animals have been found to be snakes, of over 3,800 different species, only a small number are highly venomous. The Viperidae family includes 101 species of poisonous snakes. In Europe, Vipera ammodytes, Vipera aspis, Vipera berus, Vipera latastei, Vipera seoanei and Vipera ursinii are the most dangerous species, their bites cause severe poisoning. In Ukraine, the genus Vipera is represented by the steppe viper (Vipera renardi (Cristoph, 1861)) and two subspecies of the common viper (Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758)) — Vipera berus berus and Nikolsky’s viper (Vipera berus nikolskii, Vedmederja Grubant et Rudaeva, 1986). The factors that affect the diversity of the composition of snake venom are given. It is noted that snake venoms are complex mixtures of proteins, peptides and low molecular weight substances, among which enzymes and non-enzymatic components are distinguished. The biological properties of snake venom depend significantly on the properties of its components, which have a wide range of effects on the general state of homeostasis of a living organism. A generalization of scientific data on the study of the chemical composition of the venom of Vipera renardi, Vipera berus nikolskii and Vipera berus berus and the effects of these venoms on the functioning of the mammalian body has been carried out. It was found that the venom of Vipera berus nikolskii is the most, and Vipera renardi — the least toxic for mammals (mice). The effect of Vipera berus nikolskii and Vipera berus berus venom on the proteolytic balance of individual organs of rats was evaluated. It is emphasized that viper venom toxins have a great, not yet fully developed potential in many scientific fields, therefore they deserve further practical research.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87101228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283696
H. Chobotko, L. Raichuk, T. Kuchma, I. Shvydenko
The article highlights the natural-climatic and socio-economic retrospective prerequisites for the return of radioactively contaminated lands in Polissіa, Ukraine to agricultural use. The necessity of using modern methods and means of radioecological research to assess the radioecological state of land for the development of strategic management documents is demonstrated. The research carried out at the Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine during the period of 2020–2023 utilized interdisciplinary scientific methods including analysis and synthesis, retrospective and comparative analysis, analytical-synthetic (study of scientific and statistical data, legislative and founding documents, etc.), and mathematical-statistical methods. The analysis of the socio-economic situation was carried out based on official statistical data from the main statistical departments in Volyn, Zhytomyr, Kyiv, Rivne, and Chernihiv regions. The estimated levels of radionuclide contamination of the territory were obtained based on official data from the State Enterprise «The Institute of Soil Protection of Ukraine». Radioecological-landscape mapping was carried out using the open-source software QGIS. The aim of the research was to substantiate the scientific basis for the rehabilitation and sustainable use of radioactively contaminated territories in Ukrainian Polissia region in the context of green economy to minimize the domestic food crisis. It has been demonstrated that the soil characteristics and vegetation cover of Ukrainian Polissia region contribute to the contamination of agricultural and forest products with radionuclides, which is a specific problem for the region. The most radiologically hazardous ecosystems for the release of radionuclides into the products are over-moistened meadows and pastures, forested areas, as well as agroecosystems on organogenic soils. Global climate change and the consequences of Russian military aggression are significant modifying factors for all previously existing environmental and socio-economic challenges. This necessitates the implementation of comprehensive measures for the rehabilitation of the region, preceded by monitoring studies and the development of appropriate strategic planning documents. Based on the results of a retrospective analysis and calculations, it has been established that, provided recommended agricultural measures are implemented, the restoration of effective agricultural production is possible throughout the territory of Ukrainian Polissia. It has been demonstrated that the comprehensive rehabilitation of Ukrainian Polissia depends primarily on the eco-economic efficiency of agricultural production, which requires a clear differentiation of agricultural activities in accordance with a range of ecological, economic, and social factors, as well as the improvement of agricultural production scenarios. A method for complex radioecolog
{"title":"Some aspects of returning radioactively contaminated lands in Polissіa region of Ukraine to agricultural use","authors":"H. Chobotko, L. Raichuk, T. Kuchma, I. Shvydenko","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283696","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the natural-climatic and socio-economic retrospective prerequisites for the return of radioactively contaminated lands in Polissіa, Ukraine to agricultural use. The necessity of using modern methods and means of radioecological research to assess the radioecological state of land for the development of strategic management documents is demonstrated. The research carried out at the Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine during the period of 2020–2023 utilized interdisciplinary scientific methods including analysis and synthesis, retrospective and comparative analysis, analytical-synthetic (study of scientific and statistical data, legislative and founding documents, etc.), and mathematical-statistical methods. The analysis of the socio-economic situation was carried out based on official statistical data from the main statistical departments in Volyn, Zhytomyr, Kyiv, Rivne, and Chernihiv regions. The estimated levels of radionuclide contamination of the territory were obtained based on official data from the State Enterprise «The Institute of Soil Protection of Ukraine». Radioecological-landscape mapping was carried out using the open-source software QGIS. The aim of the research was to substantiate the scientific basis for the rehabilitation and sustainable use of radioactively contaminated territories in Ukrainian Polissia region in the context of green economy to minimize the domestic food crisis. It has been demonstrated that the soil characteristics and vegetation cover of Ukrainian Polissia region contribute to the contamination of agricultural and forest products with radionuclides, which is a specific problem for the region. The most radiologically hazardous ecosystems for the release of radionuclides into the products are over-moistened meadows and pastures, forested areas, as well as agroecosystems on organogenic soils. Global climate change and the consequences of Russian military aggression are significant modifying factors for all previously existing environmental and socio-economic challenges. This necessitates the implementation of comprehensive measures for the rehabilitation of the region, preceded by monitoring studies and the development of appropriate strategic planning documents. Based on the results of a retrospective analysis and calculations, it has been established that, provided recommended agricultural measures are implemented, the restoration of effective agricultural production is possible throughout the territory of Ukrainian Polissia. It has been demonstrated that the comprehensive rehabilitation of Ukrainian Polissia depends primarily on the eco-economic efficiency of agricultural production, which requires a clear differentiation of agricultural activities in accordance with a range of ecological, economic, and social factors, as well as the improvement of agricultural production scenarios. A method for complex radioecolog","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73343926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276723
O. Malinovska, M. Vysochanska
The article analyzes the energy security of Ukraine as the main criterion for the effectiveness of the functioning of the national economy today, its realities and prospects. It is stated that as of February 2022, the Ukrainian energy sector was one of the most powerful in Europe, and remains so now, despite significant damage as a result of the Russian invasion. In particular, Ukraine is among the top 10 European countries in terms of installed power generation capacity, among the top 3 gas producers, and has the largest underground gas storages in Europe. It was determined that the lack of a systematic approach to ensuring energy security is the main shortcoming of the current legislation of Ukraine. Complexes of legislative acts are developed by individual subjects in mutually inconsistent directions (regulation of energy markets, security of supply, standardization, physical protection, environmental requirements, etc.). It is substantiated that currently there are actually no tools for ensuring «energy security» and protection of Ukrainian subjects of the domestic energy market in the face of purposeful, politically motivated influen ce of other states, especially in view of the international obligations adopted by Ukraine regarding the construction of open, liberalized domestic energy markets. It has been proven that the purpose of introducing a new electricity market is to introduce competitive market functioning mechanisms, free choice of counterparties, and ensuring the consumer’s right to freely choose an electricity supplier. The law provides for various mechanisms for the purchase and sale of electricity — bilateral contracts, the day-ahead market and the intraday market to ensure sufficient volumes of electricity, and for the financial settlement of electricity imbalances, the balancing market and the market for auxiliary services are provided
{"title":"Energy security of Ukraine as the main criterion of effectiveness of the national economy functioning","authors":"O. Malinovska, M. Vysochanska","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276723","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the energy security of Ukraine as the main criterion for the effectiveness of the functioning of the national economy today, its realities and prospects. It is stated that as of February 2022, the Ukrainian energy sector was one of the most powerful in Europe, and remains so now, despite significant damage as a result of the Russian invasion. In particular, Ukraine is among the top 10 European countries in terms of installed power generation capacity, among the top 3 gas producers, and has the largest underground gas storages in Europe. It was determined that the lack of a systematic approach to ensuring energy security is the main shortcoming of the current legislation of Ukraine. Complexes of legislative acts are developed by individual subjects in mutually inconsistent directions (regulation of energy markets, security of supply, standardization, physical protection, environmental requirements, etc.). It is substantiated that currently there are actually no tools for ensuring «energy security» and protection of Ukrainian subjects of the domestic energy market in the face of purposeful, politically motivated influen ce of other states, especially in view of the international obligations adopted by Ukraine regarding the construction of open, liberalized domestic energy markets. It has been proven that the purpose of introducing a new electricity market is to introduce competitive market functioning mechanisms, free choice of counterparties, and ensuring the consumer’s right to freely choose an electricity supplier. The law provides for various mechanisms for the purchase and sale of electricity — bilateral contracts, the day-ahead market and the intraday market to ensure sufficient volumes of electricity, and for the financial settlement of electricity imbalances, the balancing market and the market for auxiliary services are provided","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84271068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283701
I. Mosiychuk, L. Havryliuk, I. Beznosko, Y. Turovnik
The study of mechanisms of biological preparations influence on the plants of agricultural crops in order to improve and regulate their growth is an urgent task in agroecology. So, the article presents the results of studies of changes in biometric parameters of spring barley plants depending on the effect of biological preparations Vympel 2, Oracle multicomplex and their mixture (Vympel 2 + Oracle multicomplex). The research was conducted on the basis of temporary field experiments (Skvyra research station of organic production of IAEM of the National Academy of Sciences) and at the department of agrobioresources and ecologically safe technologies in the laboratory of biocontrol of agroecosystems and organic production of the IAEM of the National Academy of Sciences. In the course of the work, it was determined that under the influence of the mixture of Vympel 2 + Oracul multicomplex preparations, spring barley plants of varieties Sebastian and Helios, in the phase of full grain maturity, were 10 cm taller compared to the option without treatment (control). This shows that the treatment of spring barley plants with microfertilizer and growth stimulator ensured an increase in the linear dimensions of plants in height in all phases of their development. It has been established that the influence of preparations Vympel 2, Oracul multicomplex and their mixture (Vympel 2 + Oracul multicomplex) enhances the formation of the assimilation apparatus, which improves the conditions for the growth and development of spring barley plants, both due to the stimulating properties of the plant growth regulator and the improvement of soil nutrition conditions from the side of microfertilizer, which affects the formation of high-yielding crops. It was analyzed that the ear length, the number of grains in the ear, and the mass of grains of spring barley plants changed under the influence of the preparations, which depends on the varietal characteristics of the plants and the stimulating effect of the studied preparations. The best results were obtained by using the Vympel 2 + Oracul multicomplex mixture on plants of the Sebastian variety, where the length of the ear was 2 cm higher, and the weight of the grains was 22 g heavier compared to the control variant.
{"title":"Influence of Vympel 2 and Oracul multicomplex biopreparations and their mixture on spring barley (Hordeum L.) plants of different varieties","authors":"I. Mosiychuk, L. Havryliuk, I. Beznosko, Y. Turovnik","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283701","url":null,"abstract":"The study of mechanisms of biological preparations influence on the plants of agricultural crops in order to improve and regulate their growth is an urgent task in agroecology. So, the article presents the results of studies of changes in biometric parameters of spring barley plants depending on the effect of biological preparations Vympel 2, Oracle multicomplex and their mixture (Vympel 2 + Oracle multicomplex). The research was conducted on the basis of temporary field experiments (Skvyra research station of organic production of IAEM of the National Academy of Sciences) and at the department of agrobioresources and ecologically safe technologies in the laboratory of biocontrol of agroecosystems and organic production of the IAEM of the National Academy of Sciences. In the course of the work, it was determined that under the influence of the mixture of Vympel 2 + Oracul multicomplex preparations, spring barley plants of varieties Sebastian and Helios, in the phase of full grain maturity, were 10 cm taller compared to the option without treatment (control). This shows that the treatment of spring barley plants with microfertilizer and growth stimulator ensured an increase in the linear dimensions of plants in height in all phases of their development. It has been established that the influence of preparations Vympel 2, Oracul multicomplex and their mixture (Vympel 2 + Oracul multicomplex) enhances the formation of the assimilation apparatus, which improves the conditions for the growth and development of spring barley plants, both due to the stimulating properties of the plant growth regulator and the improvement of soil nutrition conditions from the side of microfertilizer, which affects the formation of high-yielding crops. It was analyzed that the ear length, the number of grains in the ear, and the mass of grains of spring barley plants changed under the influence of the preparations, which depends on the varietal characteristics of the plants and the stimulating effect of the studied preparations. The best results were obtained by using the Vympel 2 + Oracul multicomplex mixture on plants of the Sebastian variety, where the length of the ear was 2 cm higher, and the weight of the grains was 22 g heavier compared to the control variant.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84709642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283693
O. Kovaliv
An analysis of ecological and economic aspects of land-nature-use was carried out, based on the essence of new theoretical knowledge of constitutional land law acquired by us as a modern need for urgent institutionalization of current constitutional land norms. The purpose of the article is to reveal the main empirical results of the analysis and synthesis of ecological and economic aspects in relation to the methodological foundations of land-nature-use for the application of methods and methods of assessment of natural resources (natural objects) as scientific and practical prerequisites for legal nature use based on current land regulations Constitution of Ukraine. It has been established that the ecological and economic aspects in relation to the methodological foundations of land-nature-use are an integral part of the normative-legal aspects and are completely consistent with each other, since their essence is based on the same land norms of the Constitution of Ukraine. It has been proven that ecological and economic relations are relations that arise between specific subjects of property rights, which are, on the one hand, the Ukrainian people (all citizens of Ukraine) as the absolute owner of all natural resources (objects), and on the other hand — the owner (lessee) of a land plot (object of civil rights) as the «owner» and «user» of natural resources (objects) owned by someone else — the main national wealth, which de jure is under the special protection of the state. Since, in accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine, the ownership of the land and its natural resources by the Ukrainian people obligates and must not be used to the detriment of man and society, it is imperative, first of all, to identify and certify all natural objects that have a nature reserve, nature protection, recreational, historical, cultural and other value. It was established that only under the conditions of implementation of the current constitutional norm of «use» of the property of the Ukrainian people, instead of the imaginary norm in the Land Code of Ukraine (Article 79) and the Civil Code of Ukraine (Article 373) — "distribution", a responsible and effective obligation will arise the obligation to carry out legal nature use and real protection of land and its natural resources as natural objects of someone else’s property for all categories of land, especially agricultural land.
{"title":"Synthesis of ecological and economic aspects as methodological bases for constitutionally motivated land-nature-use in modern Ukraine","authors":"O. Kovaliv","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283693","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis of ecological and economic aspects of land-nature-use was carried out, based on the essence of new theoretical knowledge of constitutional land law acquired by us as a modern need for urgent institutionalization of current constitutional land norms. The purpose of the article is to reveal the main empirical results of the analysis and synthesis of ecological and economic aspects in relation to the methodological foundations of land-nature-use for the application of methods and methods of assessment of natural resources (natural objects) as scientific and practical prerequisites for legal nature use based on current land regulations Constitution of Ukraine. It has been established that the ecological and economic aspects in relation to the methodological foundations of land-nature-use are an integral part of the normative-legal aspects and are completely consistent with each other, since their essence is based on the same land norms of the Constitution of Ukraine. It has been proven that ecological and economic relations are relations that arise between specific subjects of property rights, which are, on the one hand, the Ukrainian people (all citizens of Ukraine) as the absolute owner of all natural resources (objects), and on the other hand — the owner (lessee) of a land plot (object of civil rights) as the «owner» and «user» of natural resources (objects) owned by someone else — the main national wealth, which de jure is under the special protection of the state. Since, in accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine, the ownership of the land and its natural resources by the Ukrainian people obligates and must not be used to the detriment of man and society, it is imperative, first of all, to identify and certify all natural objects that have a nature reserve, nature protection, recreational, historical, cultural and other value. It was established that only under the conditions of implementation of the current constitutional norm of «use» of the property of the Ukrainian people, instead of the imaginary norm in the Land Code of Ukraine (Article 79) and the Civil Code of Ukraine (Article 373) — \"distribution\", a responsible and effective obligation will arise the obligation to carry out legal nature use and real protection of land and its natural resources as natural objects of someone else’s property for all categories of land, especially agricultural land.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90085076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276735
А. Bortnik, Т. Bortnik, V. Gavryliuk
It has been established that the waste of the alcohol and sugar industry (molasses innovative fertilizer) contains a complex of nutrients, which indicates the feasibility of their use as fertilizers for growing crops. This use of these types of waste will help solve the problem of their utilization, as they accumulate in significant volumes in the areas adjacent to the factories, in storage ponds. At the same time, the issue of reducing soil depletion of key nutrients due to the shortage of traditional organic fertilizers and the high cost of mineral fertilizers will be partially resolved. According to the results of field studies, the effectiveness of using waste in potato fertilization systems on soddy-loamy, bound sandy soil has been proven in order to obtain consistently high yields. In particular, it was found that the introduction of this type of waste at a rate of 10 t/ha ensures the formation of tubers weighing 92.7 g and 66 mm in diameter, and with a twofold increase in the rate — 109.3 g and 74 mm, respectively. These biometric parameters provided potato yields of 19.7 t/ha when using waste at a rate of 10 t/ha and 26.6 t/ha when using 20 t/ha. A positive effect on the quality indicators of potato tubers was recorded when using waste as fertilizer, in particular, the starch content was at the level of 16.6–16.7%. A positive effect of molasses innovative fertilizer on abStract 154 agroecological journal • no. 1 • 2023 the agrochemical parameters of the soil was also found, which is manifested in an increase in the content of nutrients in the tilth layer of soil (0–20 cm): nitrate forms of nitrogen (N–NO3) by 2.0–7.2 mg/kg, ammonium forms of nitrogen (N–NH4) — 0.4–1.1 mg/kg, mobile forms of phosphorus (P2O5) — 5.4–8.4 mg/kg and mobile forms of potassium (K2O) — 26.6– 40.6 mg/kg. The possibility of using waste in combination with mineral fertilizers was noted, which balances the fertilizer system and provides additional growth of potato tuber yield.
{"title":"Efficiency of molasses waste when growing potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) as a new promising organic fertilizer","authors":"А. Bortnik, Т. Bortnik, V. Gavryliuk","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276735","url":null,"abstract":"It has been established that the waste of the alcohol and sugar industry (molasses innovative fertilizer) contains a complex of nutrients, which indicates the feasibility of their use as fertilizers for growing crops. This use of these types of waste will help solve the problem of their utilization, as they accumulate in significant volumes in the areas adjacent to the factories, in storage ponds. At the same time, the issue of reducing soil depletion of key nutrients due to the shortage of traditional organic fertilizers and the high cost of mineral fertilizers will be partially resolved. According to the results of field studies, the effectiveness of using waste in potato fertilization systems on soddy-loamy, bound sandy soil has been proven in order to obtain consistently high yields. In particular, it was found that the introduction of this type of waste at a rate of 10 t/ha ensures the formation of tubers weighing 92.7 g and 66 mm in diameter, and with a twofold increase in the rate — 109.3 g and 74 mm, respectively. These biometric parameters provided potato yields of 19.7 t/ha when using waste at a rate of 10 t/ha and 26.6 t/ha when using 20 t/ha. A positive effect on the quality indicators of potato tubers was recorded when using waste as fertilizer, in particular, the starch content was at the level of 16.6–16.7%. A positive effect of molasses innovative fertilizer on abStract 154 agroecological journal • no. 1 • 2023 the agrochemical parameters of the soil was also found, which is manifested in an increase in the content of nutrients in the tilth layer of soil (0–20 cm): nitrate forms of nitrogen (N–NO3) by 2.0–7.2 mg/kg, ammonium forms of nitrogen (N–NH4) — 0.4–1.1 mg/kg, mobile forms of phosphorus (P2O5) — 5.4–8.4 mg/kg and mobile forms of potassium (K2O) — 26.6– 40.6 mg/kg. The possibility of using waste in combination with mineral fertilizers was noted, which balances the fertilizer system and provides additional growth of potato tuber yield.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85511118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276721
L. Smolii, N. Dikhtyarenko
The article is devoted to the consideration of aspects of the implementation of the principles of the «green economy» as an innovative strategic model in the functioning of the agrarian sector of the economy. The research was carried out using a complex approach, analytical-monographic, statistical-economic methods, the method of logical generalization, etc. It has been proven that the conceptualization and practical implementation of the principles of the «green economy» is a priority direction for the development of agricultural production and rural areas in the countries of the European Union and should become so for Ukraine. An assessment of the conditions for the formation of the «green economy» in the agrarian sphere was carried out, and the trends of its development were analyzed. It has been established that realizing the potential of «greening» of the agrarian economy requires overcoming a number of environmental problems: depletion and degradation of agricultural land, water pollution, a significant amount of emissions into the atmosphere, etc. A structural and logical model of the transformation of the agrarian sector of Ukraine’s economy under the conditions of implementation of the European Green Deal was formed, which includes goals, principles, directions, implementation tools and determines the main beneficiaries of the transition to the «green economy» concept. The strategic priorities of the development of the «green economy» in the agrarian sphere have been substantiated, and target orientations for the nearest future have been defined, which cover almost all spheres of the agrarian sector of the Ukrainian economy. They should include increasing the level of food security, increasing the efficiency of the use of resources, both ecological and economic, reducing energy dependence, increasing the export potential of the industry and the national economy in general. Quantitative indicators of the implementation of the principles of the «green economy» and the European Green Deal regarding implementation in the field of agricultural production have been summarized and systematized. The insufficient level of the existing financial support for the measures envisaged by the proposed strategy was established, and the possible sources of funding for measures to ensure the greening of the agrarian economy were outlined
{"title":"Strategic Priorities for the Development of the «Green Economy» in Agricultural Sector in the Conditions of European Integration","authors":"L. Smolii, N. Dikhtyarenko","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276721","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the consideration of aspects of the implementation of the principles of the «green economy» as an innovative strategic model in the functioning of the agrarian sector of the economy. The research was carried out using a complex approach, analytical-monographic, statistical-economic methods, the method of logical generalization, etc. It has been proven that the conceptualization and practical implementation of the principles of the «green economy» is a priority direction for the development of agricultural production and rural areas in the countries of the European Union and should become so for Ukraine. An assessment of the conditions for the formation of the «green economy» in the agrarian sphere was carried out, and the trends of its development were analyzed. It has been established that realizing the potential of «greening» of the agrarian economy requires overcoming a number of environmental problems: depletion and degradation of agricultural land, water pollution, a significant amount of emissions into the atmosphere, etc. A structural and logical model of the transformation of the agrarian sector of Ukraine’s economy under the conditions of implementation of the European Green Deal was formed, which includes goals, principles, directions, implementation tools and determines the main beneficiaries of the transition to the «green economy» concept. The strategic priorities of the development of the «green economy» in the agrarian sphere have been substantiated, and target orientations for the nearest future have been defined, which cover almost all spheres of the agrarian sector of the Ukrainian economy. They should include increasing the level of food security, increasing the efficiency of the use of resources, both ecological and economic, reducing energy dependence, increasing the export potential of the industry and the national economy in general. Quantitative indicators of the implementation of the principles of the «green economy» and the European Green Deal regarding implementation in the field of agricultural production have been summarized and systematized. The insufficient level of the existing financial support for the measures envisaged by the proposed strategy was established, and the possible sources of funding for measures to ensure the greening of the agrarian economy were outlined","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82774957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276732
O. Maievskyi, I. Slіeptsova
The numerous components of the venoms of various animal species cause an extremely wide range of effects and symptoms in the recipient’s body. At the same time, the degree of severity of pathological changes is determined, in general, by the type of animal, the volume and method of toxin administration, as well as the characteristic features of the victim. Changes in the structural and functional parameters of the wall of the jejunum under the influence of viper venom are still poorly understood. Research aimed at identifying new components of snake toxins, determining the degree of their influence on the affected organism and using the obtained data for the production of antidotes, and thereby eliminating economic losses associated with snake bites, should be considered extremely relevant. The purpose of the study is to establish the manifestations of damage to the small intestine under the conditions of the action of the venom of the common European adder (Vipera berus berus). The experiment was conducted on 20 non-linear white male rats. During the study, rats were divided into two groups — control and experimental. Poisoning was modeled by intraperitoneal injection of common European adder venom at an ED50 dose of 1.576 μg/g to the rats of the research group. Histological preparations were examined under a SEO SСAN light microscope, images were processed using a Vision CCD Camera with an available image display system on a computer monitor. It was established that under the conditions of action of common European adder venom, the toxic substances of its venom cause destructive-degenerative changes in the relief and stromal-vascular components of the mucous membrane of the organ in the wall of the jejunum. Thus, increasing the permeability of the walls of vessels of the microcirculatory channel, thinning and complete destruction of the walls of hemocapillaries, together with the cytotoxic effect of the poison on erythrocytes, leads to the formation of multiple, small hemorrhages with hemolysis of erythrocytes.
{"title":"Histological changes in the rat’s jejunum wall under the conditions of action of common European adder (Vipera berus berus) venom","authors":"O. Maievskyi, I. Slіeptsova","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276732","url":null,"abstract":"The numerous components of the venoms of various animal species cause an extremely wide range of effects and symptoms in the recipient’s body. At the same time, the degree of severity of pathological changes is determined, in general, by the type of animal, the volume and method of toxin administration, as well as the characteristic features of the victim. Changes in the structural and functional parameters of the wall of the jejunum under the influence of viper venom are still poorly understood. Research aimed at identifying new components of snake toxins, determining the degree of their influence on the affected organism and using the obtained data for the production of antidotes, and thereby eliminating economic losses associated with snake bites, should be considered extremely relevant. The purpose of the study is to establish the manifestations of damage to the small intestine under the conditions of the action of the venom of the common European adder (Vipera berus berus). The experiment was conducted on 20 non-linear white male rats. During the study, rats were divided into two groups — control and experimental. Poisoning was modeled by intraperitoneal injection of common European adder venom at an ED50 dose of 1.576 μg/g to the rats of the research group. Histological preparations were examined under a SEO SСAN light microscope, images were processed using a Vision CCD Camera with an available image display system on a computer monitor. It was established that under the conditions of action of common European adder venom, the toxic substances of its venom cause destructive-degenerative changes in the relief and stromal-vascular components of the mucous membrane of the organ in the wall of the jejunum. Thus, increasing the permeability of the walls of vessels of the microcirculatory channel, thinning and complete destruction of the walls of hemocapillaries, together with the cytotoxic effect of the poison on erythrocytes, leads to the formation of multiple, small hemorrhages with hemolysis of erythrocytes.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91385807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276724
L. Raichuk, H. Chobotko, O. Musych, V. Konishchuk
Official international organizations claim that existing notions about the relationship between a decrease in life expectancy and a reduction in population in affected regions are controversial and are a result of the impact of radioactive emissions from the Chornobyl explosion. However, despite the weak link between the level of radioactive contamination and population dynamics in the studied areas, the level of natural decline in rural population on radioactively contaminated land is significantly higher than in other territories. This indicates the need for further research in this direction. The aim of the study was to clarify the social basis for the implementation of balanced development in radioactively contaminated areas of Ukrainian Polissia. The article presents the results of a study on the role of the social component in the implementation of sustainable development in radioactively contaminated areas of Ukrainian Polissia, taking into account both long-term complex ecological, economic, and social challenges and the potential consequences of Russian military aggression. The methodology of the research is based on a systemic approach, which involves using both modern and classical scientific methods of research, including general scientific methods such as data analysis and synthesis; retrospective and comparative analysis for identifying causal relationships; analytical and synthetic methods for studying scientific and statistical data, archival materials, legislative and regulatory documents, among others; and mathematical methods for the mathematical processing of the obtained results. The research is based on the official statistical data provided by the main statistical departments in Volyn, Zhytomyr, Kyiv, Rivne, and Chernihiv regions. Existing trends and results of studies on the interrelation between radioecological and social components have been analyzed. The study examines social indicators of the quality of life of the inhabitants of Ukrainian Polissia region (total income, level of wages, structure of population expenditures, etc.), demographic indicators (population, gender-age structure and population growth/decline), employment rate, morbidity, and consumer basket for rural and urban settlements in the studied regions. It has been established that indicators of the social sphere in the region of Ukrainian Polissіa can serve as additional criteria for assessing the current socio-economic situation and its dynamics. It has been determined that the social factor is an integral component and at the same time a criterion for sustainable development of radioactively contaminated territories. The need for a series of measures aimed at increasing the effectiveness of the state policy on employment of the population and the vocational education system has been proven, taking into account the forecasts of the regional enterprises’ demand for certain skilled personnel by professions and specialties, as well as the list of the mos
{"title":"Social component as a factor and indicator of sustainable development of Ukrainian Polissia region","authors":"L. Raichuk, H. Chobotko, O. Musych, V. Konishchuk","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276724","url":null,"abstract":"Official international organizations claim that existing notions about the relationship between a decrease in life expectancy and a reduction in population in affected regions are controversial and are a result of the impact of radioactive emissions from the Chornobyl explosion. However, despite the weak link between the level of radioactive contamination and population dynamics in the studied areas, the level of natural decline in rural population on radioactively contaminated land is significantly higher than in other territories. This indicates the need for further research in this direction. The aim of the study was to clarify the social basis for the implementation of balanced development in radioactively contaminated areas of Ukrainian Polissia. The article presents the results of a study on the role of the social component in the implementation of sustainable development in radioactively contaminated areas of Ukrainian Polissia, taking into account both long-term complex ecological, economic, and social challenges and the potential consequences of Russian military aggression. The methodology of the research is based on a systemic approach, which involves using both modern and classical scientific methods of research, including general scientific methods such as data analysis and synthesis; retrospective and comparative analysis for identifying causal relationships; analytical and synthetic methods for studying scientific and statistical data, archival materials, legislative and regulatory documents, among others; and mathematical methods for the mathematical processing of the obtained results. The research is based on the official statistical data provided by the main statistical departments in Volyn, Zhytomyr, Kyiv, Rivne, and Chernihiv regions. Existing trends and results of studies on the interrelation between radioecological and social components have been analyzed. The study examines social indicators of the quality of life of the inhabitants of Ukrainian Polissia region (total income, level of wages, structure of population expenditures, etc.), demographic indicators (population, gender-age structure and population growth/decline), employment rate, morbidity, and consumer basket for rural and urban settlements in the studied regions. It has been established that indicators of the social sphere in the region of Ukrainian Polissіa can serve as additional criteria for assessing the current socio-economic situation and its dynamics. It has been determined that the social factor is an integral component and at the same time a criterion for sustainable development of radioactively contaminated territories. The need for a series of measures aimed at increasing the effectiveness of the state policy on employment of the population and the vocational education system has been proven, taking into account the forecasts of the regional enterprises’ demand for certain skilled personnel by professions and specialties, as well as the list of the mos","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74342810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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