Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the effect of split and one-time application of nitrogen-sulphur fertiliser ENSIN (26% N, 13% S) containing nitrification inhibitors (dicyandiamide and 1,2,4-triazole) on the content of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in soil. The study was conducted in field small-plot experiment with winter barley on Haplic Luvisol with dominance of clay fraction in experimental station of the Central Testing Institute in Agriculture of Veľké Ripňany in the experimental years 2015 to 2017. The dose of nitrogen in all experimental treatments was 140 kg/ha and was applied at once during regenerative fertilisation or split in three partial doses. Soil samples from all examined treatments were taken from two soil depths (0.0‒0.3 m and 0.3‒0.6 m, respectively) by probe rod in three week intervals. Achieved results indicate that in the year 2015/2016, one-time application of fertiliser ENSIN containing nitrification inhibitors considerably reduced portion of N-NO3 - from the content of Nmin by 32 relative % in soil depth of 0.0-0.3 m and by 36 relative % in soil depth of 0.3‒0.6 m. On the other hand, in the year 2016/2017, split application of fertiliser ENSIN substantially reduced portion of N-NO3 - from the content of Nmin by 38‒62 relative % in soil depth of 0.0‒0.3 m, however increased portion of N-NO3 - by 10‒14 relative % in soil depth of 0.3‒0.6 m
{"title":"Effectiveness of the Application of Nitrification Inhibitors on the Content of Available Nitrogen Forms in the Soil after Winter Barley Cultivation","authors":"Z. Rybárová, P. Slamka, O. Ložek, P. Kováčik","doi":"10.2478/agri-2018-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2018-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the effect of split and one-time application of nitrogen-sulphur fertiliser ENSIN (26% N, 13% S) containing nitrification inhibitors (dicyandiamide and 1,2,4-triazole) on the content of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in soil. The study was conducted in field small-plot experiment with winter barley on Haplic Luvisol with dominance of clay fraction in experimental station of the Central Testing Institute in Agriculture of Veľké Ripňany in the experimental years 2015 to 2017. The dose of nitrogen in all experimental treatments was 140 kg/ha and was applied at once during regenerative fertilisation or split in three partial doses. Soil samples from all examined treatments were taken from two soil depths (0.0‒0.3 m and 0.3‒0.6 m, respectively) by probe rod in three week intervals. Achieved results indicate that in the year 2015/2016, one-time application of fertiliser ENSIN containing nitrification inhibitors considerably reduced portion of N-NO3 - from the content of Nmin by 32 relative % in soil depth of 0.0-0.3 m and by 36 relative % in soil depth of 0.3‒0.6 m. On the other hand, in the year 2016/2017, split application of fertiliser ENSIN substantially reduced portion of N-NO3 - from the content of Nmin by 38‒62 relative % in soil depth of 0.0‒0.3 m, however increased portion of N-NO3 - by 10‒14 relative % in soil depth of 0.3‒0.6 m","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"10 1","pages":"105 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85639840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ildiko Schmidthoffer, L. Szilák, P. Molnar, P. Csontos, A. Skribanek
Abstract Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that frequently causes severe loss in crop yield worldwide. Laboratory predictors of field drought tolerance could significantly increase the effectiveness of existing plant breeding programs. In earlier field experiments, drought tolerance of 22 cultivated barley varieties has already been quantified. In order to develop laboratory markers of drought sensitivity, field drought tolerance data were correlated with parameters obtained in laboratory tests. Root and shoot length and weight were measured on control and PEG-treated (a simple laboratory drought model) seedlings. Significant correlations were found among root growth, shoot weight in laboratory stress conditions and field drought tolerance. Interestingly, a negative correlation was found between root length of the untreated seedlings and drought tolerance. Laboratory Drought Tolerance Index (DTI) was introduced as the linear combination of those laboratory parameters which were correlated with field drought tolerance. DTI showed good predictive value (r = 0.57, p < 0.05) for drought tolerance in field experiments and we suggest it for preselection of drought tolerant barley breeding lines and for the characterization of drought tolerance in general.
干旱是世界范围内经常造成严重作物减产的主要非生物胁迫之一。田间耐旱性的实验室预测可以显著提高现有植物育种计划的有效性。在早期的田间试验中，22个栽培大麦品种的耐旱性已经被量化。为了开发干旱敏感性的实验室标记，田间耐旱性数据与实验室试验中获得的参数相关联。测定了对照和peg处理(简单实验室干旱模型)幼苗的根、茎长和重量。室内胁迫条件下根系生长、茎重与田间抗旱性呈显著相关。有趣的是，未经处理的幼苗根系长度与耐旱性呈负相关。引入实验室抗旱指数(DTI)作为与田间抗旱相关的实验室参数的线性组合。在大田试验中，DTI对大麦耐旱性具有较好的预测价值(r = 0.57, p < 0.05)，可用于大麦耐旱性选育和一般耐旱性鉴定。
{"title":"Drought Tolerance of European Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Varieties","authors":"Ildiko Schmidthoffer, L. Szilák, P. Molnar, P. Csontos, A. Skribanek","doi":"10.2478/agri-2018-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2018-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that frequently causes severe loss in crop yield worldwide. Laboratory predictors of field drought tolerance could significantly increase the effectiveness of existing plant breeding programs. In earlier field experiments, drought tolerance of 22 cultivated barley varieties has already been quantified. In order to develop laboratory markers of drought sensitivity, field drought tolerance data were correlated with parameters obtained in laboratory tests. Root and shoot length and weight were measured on control and PEG-treated (a simple laboratory drought model) seedlings. Significant correlations were found among root growth, shoot weight in laboratory stress conditions and field drought tolerance. Interestingly, a negative correlation was found between root length of the untreated seedlings and drought tolerance. Laboratory Drought Tolerance Index (DTI) was introduced as the linear combination of those laboratory parameters which were correlated with field drought tolerance. DTI showed good predictive value (r = 0.57, p < 0.05) for drought tolerance in field experiments and we suggest it for preselection of drought tolerant barley breeding lines and for the characterization of drought tolerance in general.","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"23 1","pages":"137 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84532059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Potato cultivars have different strategies for dealing with potassium (K) deficiency in soil, and their response to different forms and rates of K fertilisation may vary because of differences in soil K availability. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of K fertilisation rates (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg K/ha) on tuber yield and quality (dry matter, starch, sugar and ascorbic acid content, taste) of two potato cultivars (Roco and Rosara) grown in the microplot field experiment on Luvisol in the forest-steppe zone in southern West Siberia, Russia (NL 54.422106, EL 83.160257). The tuber yield of both potato cultivars increased with increase in K application rate up to 2.1 and 2.9 kg/m2 for Roco and Rosara, respectively. Sugar content, averaging 3.5%, was mostly determined by cultivar; however, in both cultivars it tended to decrease with increasing K application rate. The application of K fertiliser in the form of sulphate as compared to chloride increased dry matter content from 22.4 to 23.8% and ascorbic acid content from 13.2 to 14.6 mg/100 g fresh mass. Starch content of potato tubers averaged 59.7 ± 4.8% over all K fertilisation variants, with cultivar responses being different. Potassium application rate did not affect Roco tubers’ taste, while improving Rosara tubers’ taste under moderate application rates. The results underscore the importance to adjust fertiliser recommendations concerning potassium application rates and source on the basis of biological requirements and intended utilization of individual potato cultivars
马铃薯品种对土壤钾缺乏有不同的处理策略，由于土壤钾有效性的差异，它们对不同钾肥形式和施钾率的响应可能会有所不同。本研究在俄罗斯西西伯利亚南部森林草原地区(NL 54.422106, EL 83.160257)的Luvisol小块田间试验中，研究了施钾量(0、30、60、90、120和150 kg K/ha)对两个马铃薯品种(Roco和Rosara)块茎产量和品质(干物质、淀粉、糖和抗坏血酸含量、口感)的影响。两种马铃薯品种的块茎产量均随施钾量的增加而增加，罗科和罗萨拉的施钾量分别达到2.1和2.9 kg/m2。含糖量主要由品种决定，平均为3.5%;但随着施钾量的增加，两个品种的光合速率均呈下降趋势。与氯化物相比，以硫酸盐形式施用钾肥使干物质含量从22.4%增加到23.8%，抗坏血酸含量从13.2毫克/100克新鲜质量增加到14.6毫克/100克新鲜质量。各钾肥变异马铃薯块茎淀粉含量平均为59.7±4.8%，品种间差异较大。施钾量对罗沙块茎的口感没有影响，适度施钾量对罗沙块茎的口感有改善作用。结果表明，应根据马铃薯品种的生物需要量和预期利用情况，调整钾肥用量和来源
{"title":"Potato Tuber Yield and Quality Under Different Potassium Application Rates and Forms in West Siberia","authors":"V. Yakimenko, N. Naumova","doi":"10.2478/agri-2018-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2018-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Potato cultivars have different strategies for dealing with potassium (K) deficiency in soil, and their response to different forms and rates of K fertilisation may vary because of differences in soil K availability. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of K fertilisation rates (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg K/ha) on tuber yield and quality (dry matter, starch, sugar and ascorbic acid content, taste) of two potato cultivars (Roco and Rosara) grown in the microplot field experiment on Luvisol in the forest-steppe zone in southern West Siberia, Russia (NL 54.422106, EL 83.160257). The tuber yield of both potato cultivars increased with increase in K application rate up to 2.1 and 2.9 kg/m2 for Roco and Rosara, respectively. Sugar content, averaging 3.5%, was mostly determined by cultivar; however, in both cultivars it tended to decrease with increasing K application rate. The application of K fertiliser in the form of sulphate as compared to chloride increased dry matter content from 22.4 to 23.8% and ascorbic acid content from 13.2 to 14.6 mg/100 g fresh mass. Starch content of potato tubers averaged 59.7 ± 4.8% over all K fertilisation variants, with cultivar responses being different. Potassium application rate did not affect Roco tubers’ taste, while improving Rosara tubers’ taste under moderate application rates. The results underscore the importance to adjust fertiliser recommendations concerning potassium application rates and source on the basis of biological requirements and intended utilization of individual potato cultivars","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"87 1","pages":"128 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77441121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kheyrkhah, M. Janmohammadi, A. Abbasi, N. Sabaghnia
Abstract Current experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar application of different nutrients (control, nano-chelated Fe, nano-chelated Zn, nano-TiO2, nano-Si) on seed yield and morpho-physiological characteristics of oilseed rape cultivars (Hydromel, Neptune, Nathalie, Danube, Alonso). The highest pod numbers was achieved by foliar application of Zn and nano-SiO2 in cv. Hydromel and Neptune. The heaviest seeds were recorded for plants treated with nano-SiO2. The highest seed yield was recorded for cv. Hydromel and Neptune treated with Fe and nano-TiO2. The highest indole acetic acid was recorded in cv. Hydromel treated with Zn and nano-SiO2. The evaluation of plant pigments revealed that foliar application of nano-SiO2 and TiO2 significantly increased the concentration of carotenoids and Chlorophyll a, b. Overall, the results indicate that cultivating the high yielding hybrids (Hydromel, Neptune, Nathalie) along with the application of iron, SiO2 and TiO2 nano-particles can greatly improve plant performance
{"title":"The Effects of Micronutrients (Fe And Zn) and Beneficial Nano-Scaled Elements (Si And Ti) on Some Morphophysiological Characteristics of Oilseed Rape Hybrids","authors":"M. Kheyrkhah, M. Janmohammadi, A. Abbasi, N. Sabaghnia","doi":"10.2478/agri-2018-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2018-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Current experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar application of different nutrients (control, nano-chelated Fe, nano-chelated Zn, nano-TiO2, nano-Si) on seed yield and morpho-physiological characteristics of oilseed rape cultivars (Hydromel, Neptune, Nathalie, Danube, Alonso). The highest pod numbers was achieved by foliar application of Zn and nano-SiO2 in cv. Hydromel and Neptune. The heaviest seeds were recorded for plants treated with nano-SiO2. The highest seed yield was recorded for cv. Hydromel and Neptune treated with Fe and nano-TiO2. The highest indole acetic acid was recorded in cv. Hydromel treated with Zn and nano-SiO2. The evaluation of plant pigments revealed that foliar application of nano-SiO2 and TiO2 significantly increased the concentration of carotenoids and Chlorophyll a, b. Overall, the results indicate that cultivating the high yielding hybrids (Hydromel, Neptune, Nathalie) along with the application of iron, SiO2 and TiO2 nano-particles can greatly improve plant performance","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"62 1","pages":"116 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85396699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Profitable prospective of rocket plant is progressively growing recently. Hence an experiment was conducted in open field to evaluate the effect of chicken manure, nano iron (Fe), nano zinc (Zn) and combination of them on morphological, fresh weight and seed yield, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, water use efficiency and chemicals constituents represented in macro and micro elements, plant pigments, total phenolics, total carbohydrate, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, crude protein, total fatty acids, indole acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) hormones, oil seed yield and methylthiobutyl- isothiocyanate as main sulphur content in essential oil of Eruca sativa Mill. compared to chemical fertilisers (NPK) as control. Results revealed that, nano Fe and Zn treatments either alone or in combination with manure had the upper hand, where significantly increased almost all parameters under study in comparison with control. The outcomes of present research gave emphasis to global warning about pollution of chemical fertilisers and safety production.
{"title":"Main Sulphur Content in Essential Oil of Eruca Sativa as Affected by Nano Iron and Nano Zinc Mixed with Organic Manure","authors":"A. Mahmoud, S. S. Taha","doi":"10.2478/agri-2018-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2018-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Profitable prospective of rocket plant is progressively growing recently. Hence an experiment was conducted in open field to evaluate the effect of chicken manure, nano iron (Fe), nano zinc (Zn) and combination of them on morphological, fresh weight and seed yield, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, water use efficiency and chemicals constituents represented in macro and micro elements, plant pigments, total phenolics, total carbohydrate, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, crude protein, total fatty acids, indole acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) hormones, oil seed yield and methylthiobutyl- isothiocyanate as main sulphur content in essential oil of Eruca sativa Mill. compared to chemical fertilisers (NPK) as control. Results revealed that, nano Fe and Zn treatments either alone or in combination with manure had the upper hand, where significantly increased almost all parameters under study in comparison with control. The outcomes of present research gave emphasis to global warning about pollution of chemical fertilisers and safety production.","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"34 2 1","pages":"65 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81182161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katarína Hrčková, P. Mihalčík, Š. Žák, Roman Hašana, K. Ondreičková, J. Kraic
Abstract The parameters determining the agronomic and economic performance of genetically modified maize hybrid MON 89034 × NK603 and conventional hybrids were compared under conditions that eliminated the herbicide tolerance in GM hybrid as well as the use of insecticides in conventional hybrids. The GM hybrid confirmed ability to protect itself against the European corn borer and its average grain yield was higher by 6.36-14.42% (i.e. 0.82-1.86 t/ha) in comparison with conventional hybrids. The year of cultivation statistically significant influenced agronomic parameters and the financial income of maize production. The maize genotype did not statistically significantly affected any evaluated parameter. The final income was statistically significant (P < 0.05) negatively influenced by all observed agronomic parameters with the exception of the seed price. The price of maize grains on the market was the only one factor that statistically significant (P < 0.05) influenced financial income of the maize production.
{"title":"Agronomic and Economic Performance of Genetically Modified and Conventional Maize","authors":"Katarína Hrčková, P. Mihalčík, Š. Žák, Roman Hašana, K. Ondreičková, J. Kraic","doi":"10.2478/agri-2018-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2018-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The parameters determining the agronomic and economic performance of genetically modified maize hybrid MON 89034 × NK603 and conventional hybrids were compared under conditions that eliminated the herbicide tolerance in GM hybrid as well as the use of insecticides in conventional hybrids. The GM hybrid confirmed ability to protect itself against the European corn borer and its average grain yield was higher by 6.36-14.42% (i.e. 0.82-1.86 t/ha) in comparison with conventional hybrids. The year of cultivation statistically significant influenced agronomic parameters and the financial income of maize production. The maize genotype did not statistically significantly affected any evaluated parameter. The final income was statistically significant (P < 0.05) negatively influenced by all observed agronomic parameters with the exception of the seed price. The price of maize grains on the market was the only one factor that statistically significant (P < 0.05) influenced financial income of the maize production.","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"4 1","pages":"87 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83433089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Micronutrients and particularly zinc (Zn) deficiency affects crops productivity and human health, therefore improving Zn concentration within plant tissues might be regarded as an aim of sustainable agriculture. In this respect, a field experiment was carried out to examine the potential influence of preceding crop residues including bean and wheat incorporation into the soil as a way to improve zinc accumulation within subsequent wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain. The experiment was initiated at autumn 2014 and in the first year, a piece of farm land in Dehaghan-Isfahan-Iran was divided into two equal parts devoted to wheat and bean cultivation. At the end of the harvest season, aboveground plant residues were incorporated to 0-30 cm layer of soil. In the next year, the entire farm devoted to wheat production. The applied treatments included: control, zinc sulfate (60 kg/ha), wheat residues, bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) residues, wheat residues + zinc sulfate and bean residue + zinc sulfate. The results of analysis of variance showed the highly significant differences between treatments in terms of grain zinc, protein, phytic acid to zinc molar ratio (PA/Zn), quantitative yield and soil electrical conductivity (EC). Soil pH and organic carbon (OC) were not affected by treatments while soil EC significantly increased by using plant residues. The highest grain yield (3.8 t/ha), grain protein (10.3 mg/kg) and zinc concentrations (36 mg/kg) were obtained by using bean residues plus ZnSO4 while the lowest quantities were related to control treatment. The treatments had no significant impact on grain acid phytic concentration but phytic acid / zinc molar ratio was affected by treatments and the lowest ratio (which is a positive attribute) was measured from plots containing bean residues plus ZnSO4 while the highest occurred in control plots.
{"title":"Wheat Grain Enrichment with Zinc Through Using Zinc Fertiliser and Preceding Plant Residues Incorporation","authors":"Abolfazl Baghbani Arani, A. Namdari, H. Nazarli","doi":"10.2478/agri-2018-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2018-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Micronutrients and particularly zinc (Zn) deficiency affects crops productivity and human health, therefore improving Zn concentration within plant tissues might be regarded as an aim of sustainable agriculture. In this respect, a field experiment was carried out to examine the potential influence of preceding crop residues including bean and wheat incorporation into the soil as a way to improve zinc accumulation within subsequent wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain. The experiment was initiated at autumn 2014 and in the first year, a piece of farm land in Dehaghan-Isfahan-Iran was divided into two equal parts devoted to wheat and bean cultivation. At the end of the harvest season, aboveground plant residues were incorporated to 0-30 cm layer of soil. In the next year, the entire farm devoted to wheat production. The applied treatments included: control, zinc sulfate (60 kg/ha), wheat residues, bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) residues, wheat residues + zinc sulfate and bean residue + zinc sulfate. The results of analysis of variance showed the highly significant differences between treatments in terms of grain zinc, protein, phytic acid to zinc molar ratio (PA/Zn), quantitative yield and soil electrical conductivity (EC). Soil pH and organic carbon (OC) were not affected by treatments while soil EC significantly increased by using plant residues. The highest grain yield (3.8 t/ha), grain protein (10.3 mg/kg) and zinc concentrations (36 mg/kg) were obtained by using bean residues plus ZnSO4 while the lowest quantities were related to control treatment. The treatments had no significant impact on grain acid phytic concentration but phytic acid / zinc molar ratio was affected by treatments and the lowest ratio (which is a positive attribute) was measured from plots containing bean residues plus ZnSO4 while the highest occurred in control plots.","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"19 1","pages":"80 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75402830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Due to water scarcity and dry Mediterranean conditions, improving water use efficiency is a major challenge for sustainable crop production and environment protection. Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years (2010 and 2011) to assess the effects of variety and irrigation method on potato crop, following a 2 × 4 factorial experiment type arranged in a split plot design with two spring potato varieties (Spunta and Marfona), and four irrigation methods (drip irrigation with two modes of dripper spacing/dripper flow: 30 cm at 4 l/h and 60 cm at 8 l/h, sprinkle irrigation, and furrow irrigation), with three replicates. Potato was irrigated when soil moisture in the active root depth was within the range of 75-80% of field capacity as determined by the neutron probe technique. Results did not show any differences between both varieties. Moreover, no differences in marketable yield, total dry matter, and harvest index were found between irrigation methods. However, results showed that sprinkle irrigation significantly enhanced nitrogen use efficiency. Furthermore, both water productivity and irrigation water use efficiency were significantly increased under drip irrigation compared with the other irrigation methods. They were about twice those under furrow irrigation, indicating that the employment of drip irrigation method can effectively address water shortage and sustainable potato production, in the dry Mediterranean region.
{"title":"Response of Two Potato Varieties to Irrigation Methods in the Dry Mediterranean Area","authors":"I. Mubarak, M. Janat, M. Makhlouf","doi":"10.2478/agri-2018-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2018-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Due to water scarcity and dry Mediterranean conditions, improving water use efficiency is a major challenge for sustainable crop production and environment protection. Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years (2010 and 2011) to assess the effects of variety and irrigation method on potato crop, following a 2 × 4 factorial experiment type arranged in a split plot design with two spring potato varieties (Spunta and Marfona), and four irrigation methods (drip irrigation with two modes of dripper spacing/dripper flow: 30 cm at 4 l/h and 60 cm at 8 l/h, sprinkle irrigation, and furrow irrigation), with three replicates. Potato was irrigated when soil moisture in the active root depth was within the range of 75-80% of field capacity as determined by the neutron probe technique. Results did not show any differences between both varieties. Moreover, no differences in marketable yield, total dry matter, and harvest index were found between irrigation methods. However, results showed that sprinkle irrigation significantly enhanced nitrogen use efficiency. Furthermore, both water productivity and irrigation water use efficiency were significantly increased under drip irrigation compared with the other irrigation methods. They were about twice those under furrow irrigation, indicating that the employment of drip irrigation method can effectively address water shortage and sustainable potato production, in the dry Mediterranean region.","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"38 1","pages":"57 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80004366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Many of the world’s findings indicate the positive effect of earthworms on soil parameters, and consequently, on the formation of phytomass of cultivated plants. In our experiment we studied: A) the influence of soil itself, soil mixed with vermicompost in a ratio of 9:1; B) the influence of earthworms number (genus Eisenia foetida, 10 and 20 individuals per pot) supplied to soil mixed with vermicompost in the ratio of 9:1 on the dynamics of changes in the weight of radish roots, the total chlorophyll content in leaves and the selected qualitative parameters of the roots. The results obtained showed that one tenth proportion of vermicompost from the total weight of soil substrate caused the statistically significant increase in the total chlorophyll content in leaves, the increase in yield of radish roots, the reduction of the vitamin C content and the increase of nitrate content in the roots. The impact of earthworms on the chlorophyll content in leaves and on the root weight was negative. The addition of 10 individuals of earthworms into 20 kg of substrate (soil + vermicompost) resulted in the increased content of vitamin C and the decreased content of nitrates in the radish roots. Twenty earthworms added to vermicompost, compared to vermicompost alone, did not affect the vitamin C content and reduced the nitrate content.
{"title":"Vermicompost and Eisenia Foetida as Factors Influencing the Formation of Radish Phytomass","authors":"P. Kováčik, P. Salamún, J. Wierzbowska","doi":"10.2478/agri-2018-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2018-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Many of the world’s findings indicate the positive effect of earthworms on soil parameters, and consequently, on the formation of phytomass of cultivated plants. In our experiment we studied: A) the influence of soil itself, soil mixed with vermicompost in a ratio of 9:1; B) the influence of earthworms number (genus Eisenia foetida, 10 and 20 individuals per pot) supplied to soil mixed with vermicompost in the ratio of 9:1 on the dynamics of changes in the weight of radish roots, the total chlorophyll content in leaves and the selected qualitative parameters of the roots. The results obtained showed that one tenth proportion of vermicompost from the total weight of soil substrate caused the statistically significant increase in the total chlorophyll content in leaves, the increase in yield of radish roots, the reduction of the vitamin C content and the increase of nitrate content in the roots. The impact of earthworms on the chlorophyll content in leaves and on the root weight was negative. The addition of 10 individuals of earthworms into 20 kg of substrate (soil + vermicompost) resulted in the increased content of vitamin C and the decreased content of nitrates in the radish roots. Twenty earthworms added to vermicompost, compared to vermicompost alone, did not affect the vitamin C content and reduced the nitrate content.","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"4 1","pages":"49 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84623896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Soil erosion is one of the most serious environmental issues in the world. The use of vegetative buffer strips is an effective strategy to reduce surface water pollutions as well as soil erosion. The present research has been conducted with aim to study the efficiency of buffer strips in runoff volume and sediment control using experimental plots. In this regard, twelve experimental plots with the dimensions of 1 m × 10 m were provided, and runoff samples were collected monthly to measure runoff volume and sediment. Vetiver grass and tall fescue were used as the plant species of the studied vegetative buffer strips. It was found that, vegetative buffer strips reduced the runoff volume up to 97% and sediment concentration up to 96%. Vetiver grass showed a high efficiency in runoff and sediment control; but, the maximum efficiency is achieved when this species is used along with a plant similar to the tall fescue in terms of density and uniformity. Also, periodic cutting the plants and cleaning the buffer strips can be considered as effective strategies to prevent vegetative buffer strips acting as the source of sediment.
土壤侵蚀是当今世界最严重的环境问题之一。利用植被缓冲带是减少地表水污染和土壤侵蚀的有效策略。本研究旨在利用试验田研究缓冲带在径流量和泥沙控制方面的效率。为此，提供了12个面积为1 m × 10 m的试验田，每月采集径流样本，测量径流量和含沙量。以香根草和高羊茅为研究植物种类。结果表明，植被缓冲带的径流量减少了97%，含沙量减少了96%。香根草具有良好的控流控沙作用;但是，当这个物种与一种在密度和均匀性方面类似于高羊茅的植物一起使用时，效率最高。此外，定期修剪植物和清理缓冲带可以被认为是防止植物缓冲带成为沉积物来源的有效策略。
{"title":"Application of Vegetative Buffer Strips Under Natural Rainfall to Conserve Soil and Water","authors":"A. Kavian, I. Saleh, M. Habibnejad, Z. Jafarian","doi":"10.2478/agri-2018-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2018-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Soil erosion is one of the most serious environmental issues in the world. The use of vegetative buffer strips is an effective strategy to reduce surface water pollutions as well as soil erosion. The present research has been conducted with aim to study the efficiency of buffer strips in runoff volume and sediment control using experimental plots. In this regard, twelve experimental plots with the dimensions of 1 m × 10 m were provided, and runoff samples were collected monthly to measure runoff volume and sediment. Vetiver grass and tall fescue were used as the plant species of the studied vegetative buffer strips. It was found that, vegetative buffer strips reduced the runoff volume up to 97% and sediment concentration up to 96%. Vetiver grass showed a high efficiency in runoff and sediment control; but, the maximum efficiency is achieved when this species is used along with a plant similar to the tall fescue in terms of density and uniformity. Also, periodic cutting the plants and cleaning the buffer strips can be considered as effective strategies to prevent vegetative buffer strips acting as the source of sediment.","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"60 1","pages":"17 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85866673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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