Abstract Species that have been identified as the genome donors to cultivated polyploid durum and bread wheats (Triticum durum L. and T. aestivum L., respectively) are potential gene sources for the breeding of these two crops. Therefore, their accurate identification facilitates their use in the improvement of these crops. Based on chloroplast DNA analysis (rpL2 and rps16 introns, psbC-trnS, trnT-L, and trnL-F) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), an attempt was made in 2018 (Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology/AECS) to identify durum and bread wheats from each of their proposed diploid ancestral species (i.e., T. monococcum, T. urartu, Aegilops speltoides, and Ae. tauschii). The use of two PCR markers (psbC-trnS and trnL-F) and three PCR-RFLP locus-enzyme combinations (rps16 intron-Tru 1I, rpL2 intron-Taq I, and trnT-L-Taq I) allowed the identification of all species involved. Reliable and accurate identification of diploid ancestors of durum and bread wheats using these candidate species-specific cpDNA markers will be useful for wheat breeding programs, in situ and ex situ conservation efforts, verification of seed purity in commercial seed stocks, and ensuring identity and integrity of accessions held within a collection does not change through unwanted gene flow or by genetic drift after regeneration by seed.
已被鉴定为栽培多倍体硬粒小麦和面包小麦(Triticum durum L.和T. aestivum L.)基因组供体的物种是培育这两种作物的潜在基因来源。因此，它们的准确识别有助于它们在这些作物的改良中使用。基于叶绿体DNA分析(rpL2和rps16内含子，psbC-trnS, trnT-L和trnL-F)，利用聚合酶链反应(PCR- rflp)和限制性片段长度多态性(PCR- rflp)， 2018年(AECS分子生物学与生物技术系)尝试从其提出的二倍体祖先物种(即T. monococum, T. urartu, Aegilops speltoides和Ae.)中鉴定硬粒小麦和面包小麦。tauschii)。使用两个PCR标记(psbC-trnS和trnL-F)和三个PCR- rflp位点-酶组合(rps16内含子- tru 1I, rpL2内含子- taq I和trnT-L-Taq I)可以鉴定所有涉及的物种。利用这些候选种特异性cpDNA标记可靠、准确地鉴定硬粒小麦和面包小麦的二倍体祖先，将有助于小麦育种计划、原位和非原位保护工作、商业种子库存中种子纯度的验证，以及确保收集的品种的身份和完整性不会因不必要的基因流动或种子再生后的遗传漂变而改变。
{"title":"Identification of Bread and Durum Wheats from their Diploid Ancestral Species Based on Chloroplast DNA","authors":"N. Haider, I. Nabulsi","doi":"10.2478/agri-2020-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2020-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Species that have been identified as the genome donors to cultivated polyploid durum and bread wheats (Triticum durum L. and T. aestivum L., respectively) are potential gene sources for the breeding of these two crops. Therefore, their accurate identification facilitates their use in the improvement of these crops. Based on chloroplast DNA analysis (rpL2 and rps16 introns, psbC-trnS, trnT-L, and trnL-F) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), an attempt was made in 2018 (Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology/AECS) to identify durum and bread wheats from each of their proposed diploid ancestral species (i.e., T. monococcum, T. urartu, Aegilops speltoides, and Ae. tauschii). The use of two PCR markers (psbC-trnS and trnL-F) and three PCR-RFLP locus-enzyme combinations (rps16 intron-Tru 1I, rpL2 intron-Taq I, and trnT-L-Taq I) allowed the identification of all species involved. Reliable and accurate identification of diploid ancestors of durum and bread wheats using these candidate species-specific cpDNA markers will be useful for wheat breeding programs, in situ and ex situ conservation efforts, verification of seed purity in commercial seed stocks, and ensuring identity and integrity of accessions held within a collection does not change through unwanted gene flow or by genetic drift after regeneration by seed.","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"45 1","pages":"56 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74082199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Scientific studies show that the efficiency of biochar can be improved by its combination with other fertilisers. For this reason, fertiliser manufacturers are working to create products that combine biochar with other soil fertility enhancers suitable for different soil-climatic conditions. In this study, two types of biochar substrates (1. biochar blended with farmyard manure, and 2. biochar blended with farmyard manure as well as with digestate) at rates of 10 and 20 t/ha were applied alone or in combination with other manure and mineral fertilisers. These were added to Arenosol (sandy soil, Dolná Streda, Slovakia) and Chernozem (loamy soil, Veľké Úľany, Slovakia) to evaluate the soil physical properties to test the potential of these amendments for soil amelioration in texturally different soils. The results showed that the application of biochar substrates alone increased soil moisture, the volume of capillary pores, and decreased aeration and volume of non-capillary pores. The application of biochar substrates with mineral fertilisers increased aeration, content of water-stable macro-aggregates (WSAma), total porosity, and decreased soil moisture and the content of water-stable micro-aggregates (WSAmi) in sandy soil. In loamy soil, when compared to unfertilised control, the biochar treatments increased content of WSAma, content of dry-sieved macro-aggregates, and decreased content of WSAmi and content of dry-sieved micro-aggregates. The combination of biochar substrates together with manure had no effect on changes in the physical properties of loamy soil.
{"title":"Physical Properties of Texturally Different Soils After Application of Biochar Substrates","authors":"Dušan Šrank, V. Šimanský","doi":"10.2478/agri-2020-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2020-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Scientific studies show that the efficiency of biochar can be improved by its combination with other fertilisers. For this reason, fertiliser manufacturers are working to create products that combine biochar with other soil fertility enhancers suitable for different soil-climatic conditions. In this study, two types of biochar substrates (1. biochar blended with farmyard manure, and 2. biochar blended with farmyard manure as well as with digestate) at rates of 10 and 20 t/ha were applied alone or in combination with other manure and mineral fertilisers. These were added to Arenosol (sandy soil, Dolná Streda, Slovakia) and Chernozem (loamy soil, Veľké Úľany, Slovakia) to evaluate the soil physical properties to test the potential of these amendments for soil amelioration in texturally different soils. The results showed that the application of biochar substrates alone increased soil moisture, the volume of capillary pores, and decreased aeration and volume of non-capillary pores. The application of biochar substrates with mineral fertilisers increased aeration, content of water-stable macro-aggregates (WSAma), total porosity, and decreased soil moisture and the content of water-stable micro-aggregates (WSAmi) in sandy soil. In loamy soil, when compared to unfertilised control, the biochar treatments increased content of WSAma, content of dry-sieved macro-aggregates, and decreased content of WSAmi and content of dry-sieved micro-aggregates. The combination of biochar substrates together with manure had no effect on changes in the physical properties of loamy soil.","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"25 1","pages":"45 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84370537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Precision agriculture requires a wide sampling procedure to determine the spatial variability of soil properties for adequate assessment of soil state and appropriate recommendations. Electrical geophysical methods (i.e. vertical electrical resistivity sounding) allow performing rapid measurement of soil electrical properties directly from the soil surface to any depth without any mechanical disturbance of soil cover. Soil electrical properties are linked with many soil properties and could improve the quality and spatial coverage of soil surveys. The results obtained in our study using vertical electrical resistivity sounding confirmed the hypothesis of a high correlation between electrical resistivity and such soil properties as carbon and nitrogen content and silt content. The highest correlation (r > 0.9) was found for electrical resistivity and carbon content. It was also confirmed that significant correlations between electrical resistivity and soil properties are found mainly when soil properties are highly ranged. Perspectives for the applied method lie at the relationship between electrical resistivity and soil properties, such as texture class, clay content, carbon content, and cation exchange capacity. The results obtained in this work could be useful for complex precision agriculture, creating maps of agricultural soils, adequate methods of plant growth, and other issues of precision and conventional agriculture.
{"title":"Assessment of Soil Electrical Properties in Selected Agricultural Soils of Puchuncaví, Central Chile","authors":"I. Alekseev, E. Abakumov","doi":"10.2478/agri-2020-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2020-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Precision agriculture requires a wide sampling procedure to determine the spatial variability of soil properties for adequate assessment of soil state and appropriate recommendations. Electrical geophysical methods (i.e. vertical electrical resistivity sounding) allow performing rapid measurement of soil electrical properties directly from the soil surface to any depth without any mechanical disturbance of soil cover. Soil electrical properties are linked with many soil properties and could improve the quality and spatial coverage of soil surveys. The results obtained in our study using vertical electrical resistivity sounding confirmed the hypothesis of a high correlation between electrical resistivity and such soil properties as carbon and nitrogen content and silt content. The highest correlation (r > 0.9) was found for electrical resistivity and carbon content. It was also confirmed that significant correlations between electrical resistivity and soil properties are found mainly when soil properties are highly ranged. Perspectives for the applied method lie at the relationship between electrical resistivity and soil properties, such as texture class, clay content, carbon content, and cation exchange capacity. The results obtained in this work could be useful for complex precision agriculture, creating maps of agricultural soils, adequate methods of plant growth, and other issues of precision and conventional agriculture.","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"66 1","pages":"67 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87163082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Menšík, L. Hlisnikovský, L. Holík, P. Nerušil, E. Kunzová
Abstract The undesirable, hazardous, and risk elements are introduced into all environmental parts through human activities. They enter the soil and aquatic environment by atmospheric deposition, or by application of sewage sludge, pesticides, mineral and organic fertilisers, and by organic manures. Heavy metals (HMs) and risk elements can be determined in the soil by a wide range of analytical methods that differ in terms of time and financial costs, and the demands on service. One of the methods is the use of a portable XRF spectrometer under lab conditions, offering relatively fast determination of the concentration of chemical elements in the soil. In the presented study we evaluated the accuracy and the precision of the XRF device for analysis of the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, As, Mn, Cu, and Ni) in alluvial soils from the Mže and Otava river basins (Czech Republic), and validated and compared obtained results with the conventional lab method (ICP-OES). The soil samples (n = 502) were taken at 43 sampling sites at depths of 0 – 30, 30 – 60, and 60 – 90 cm, mainly in floodplains with Fluvisol soil type (N-year flow rates = Q100 m3/s). The multiple correlation coefficients R values ranged from 0.81 to 0.99. The R2 determination coefficients for individual HMs, measured by XRF, were determined as follows: Pb – 0.98, Zn – 0.97, Cu – 0.80, Mn – 0.79, As – 0.78, Ni – 0.66. According to our results, 66 – 98% points fit the designed models. The Pb and Zn have the best dependency (relationship tightness), and regression models are excellent. Cu, Mn, and As have a slightly worse dependency (tightness of the relationship), but the regression model is still very well suitable for agriculture practice, or for the purposes of environmental monitoring.
{"title":"Possibilities of Determination of Risk Elements in Alluvial Agriculture Soils in the Mže and Otava River Basins by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry","authors":"L. Menšík, L. Hlisnikovský, L. Holík, P. Nerušil, E. Kunzová","doi":"10.2478/agri-2020-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2020-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The undesirable, hazardous, and risk elements are introduced into all environmental parts through human activities. They enter the soil and aquatic environment by atmospheric deposition, or by application of sewage sludge, pesticides, mineral and organic fertilisers, and by organic manures. Heavy metals (HMs) and risk elements can be determined in the soil by a wide range of analytical methods that differ in terms of time and financial costs, and the demands on service. One of the methods is the use of a portable XRF spectrometer under lab conditions, offering relatively fast determination of the concentration of chemical elements in the soil. In the presented study we evaluated the accuracy and the precision of the XRF device for analysis of the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, As, Mn, Cu, and Ni) in alluvial soils from the Mže and Otava river basins (Czech Republic), and validated and compared obtained results with the conventional lab method (ICP-OES). The soil samples (n = 502) were taken at 43 sampling sites at depths of 0 – 30, 30 – 60, and 60 – 90 cm, mainly in floodplains with Fluvisol soil type (N-year flow rates = Q100 m3/s). The multiple correlation coefficients R values ranged from 0.81 to 0.99. The R2 determination coefficients for individual HMs, measured by XRF, were determined as follows: Pb – 0.98, Zn – 0.97, Cu – 0.80, Mn – 0.79, As – 0.78, Ni – 0.66. According to our results, 66 – 98% points fit the designed models. The Pb and Zn have the best dependency (relationship tightness), and regression models are excellent. Cu, Mn, and As have a slightly worse dependency (tightness of the relationship), but the regression model is still very well suitable for agriculture practice, or for the purposes of environmental monitoring.","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"189 1","pages":"15 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76545584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Asrorov, I. Matušíková, J. Ziyavitdinov, Z. Gregorová, Viera Majerčíková, A. Mamadrakhimov
Abstract The cotton plant suffers from many pests and due to its economic importance, the use of efficient but ecologically friendly pesticides is highly desirable. The insecticide Sumi-Alpha with active compound Esfenvalerate is widely used for cotton treatment in Uzbekistan. This insecticide is considered as moderately hazardous for different organisms of ecosystems, while more collected data and relevant research is a necessity for judgement of their safety and/or potential risk. Therefore, a comparative analysis of cotton leaves was performed to study the protein profile changes upon treatment with this insecticide. Our data showed elevated accumulation of fructose bisphosphate aldolase and degradation of RuBisCo in the treated tissue. Besides, a protein belonging to P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases superfamily exerted lower accumulation. Our results indicate that the applied pyrethroid pesticide possibly can affect photosynthesis performance and cause accumulation of simple saccharides which in turn might contribute to enhanced colonisation of sucking insects. Further molecular research on Sumi-Alpha effects on cotton is necessary for its safer use in agricultural practice.
{"title":"Changes in Soluble Protein Profile in Cotton Leaves Indicate Rubisco Damage after Treatment with Sumi-Alpha Insecticide","authors":"A. Asrorov, I. Matušíková, J. Ziyavitdinov, Z. Gregorová, Viera Majerčíková, A. Mamadrakhimov","doi":"10.2478/agri-2020-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2020-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The cotton plant suffers from many pests and due to its economic importance, the use of efficient but ecologically friendly pesticides is highly desirable. The insecticide Sumi-Alpha with active compound Esfenvalerate is widely used for cotton treatment in Uzbekistan. This insecticide is considered as moderately hazardous for different organisms of ecosystems, while more collected data and relevant research is a necessity for judgement of their safety and/or potential risk. Therefore, a comparative analysis of cotton leaves was performed to study the protein profile changes upon treatment with this insecticide. Our data showed elevated accumulation of fructose bisphosphate aldolase and degradation of RuBisCo in the treated tissue. Besides, a protein belonging to P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases superfamily exerted lower accumulation. Our results indicate that the applied pyrethroid pesticide possibly can affect photosynthesis performance and cause accumulation of simple saccharides which in turn might contribute to enhanced colonisation of sucking insects. Further molecular research on Sumi-Alpha effects on cotton is necessary for its safer use in agricultural practice.","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"41 1","pages":"40 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81015807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The lucrative approach of nanotechnology and it´s utilizing in the agricultural sector is prospective. Based on this fact a field trial was done through 2018 and 2019 seasons to scrutinize the consequence of nano N, P and K elements application individual or in combination and nano zeolite loaded nitrogen or not on a sage plant grown under water stress compared to the commercial NPK fertilisers at new reclaimed land. Nano NPK elements were prepared from their precursor as potassium persulfate (K2S2O8), calcium phosphate (Ca (H2PO4)2·H2O) and salt NH4NO3, urea (CO (NH2)2), while nano zeolite was hydrothermally synthesized. Water stress was applied via drip irrigation with 15 days intervals. The data revealed that, nanofertilisers and nano-zeolites had a superior effects on the plant itself under stress conditions with concern on nano-zeolite loaded nitrogen and nano-NPK mixture as well which boosted vegetative growth (plant height, branches number, yield fresh weight, health index, herb fresh and dry weight, leaf area and oil yield), also improved photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, CO2 concentration, water use efficiency and relative water content. The chemical composition (plant pigments, total carbohydrates, total phenolic, tannin, total flavonoids, oil constituents, macro and micro-elements) with indigenous hormones (gibberellic acid GA3 and abscisic acid ABA) and antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) were also positively affected. The outcomes of current study emphasis global warning about chemical fertilisers pollution, particularly in new reclaimed areas and safety production of medicinal and aromatic plants.
{"title":"Comparison between Commercial and Nano NPK in Presence of Nano Zeolite on Sage Plant Yield and its Components under Water Stress","authors":"A. Mahmoud, H. Swaefy","doi":"10.2478/agri-2020-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2020-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The lucrative approach of nanotechnology and it´s utilizing in the agricultural sector is prospective. Based on this fact a field trial was done through 2018 and 2019 seasons to scrutinize the consequence of nano N, P and K elements application individual or in combination and nano zeolite loaded nitrogen or not on a sage plant grown under water stress compared to the commercial NPK fertilisers at new reclaimed land. Nano NPK elements were prepared from their precursor as potassium persulfate (K2S2O8), calcium phosphate (Ca (H2PO4)2·H2O) and salt NH4NO3, urea (CO (NH2)2), while nano zeolite was hydrothermally synthesized. Water stress was applied via drip irrigation with 15 days intervals. The data revealed that, nanofertilisers and nano-zeolites had a superior effects on the plant itself under stress conditions with concern on nano-zeolite loaded nitrogen and nano-NPK mixture as well which boosted vegetative growth (plant height, branches number, yield fresh weight, health index, herb fresh and dry weight, leaf area and oil yield), also improved photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, CO2 concentration, water use efficiency and relative water content. The chemical composition (plant pigments, total carbohydrates, total phenolic, tannin, total flavonoids, oil constituents, macro and micro-elements) with indigenous hormones (gibberellic acid GA3 and abscisic acid ABA) and antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) were also positively affected. The outcomes of current study emphasis global warning about chemical fertilisers pollution, particularly in new reclaimed areas and safety production of medicinal and aromatic plants.","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"34 1","pages":"24 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76180808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This review investigates the significant challenges of the process of livestock manure composting in cold regions and assesses the critical features related to the quality of the final compost product. Recently, the composting process has grasped more attention because of environmental pollution concerns and seeks for environmentally-sound approaches for managing livestock manure. Despite recent progress in crucial areas like the microbiology of compost, further improvement is needed in composting process monitoring. Therefore, specific obstacles related to livestock manure composting in cold regions, such as the generation and preservation of temperature, and the solution of obstacles such as inoculation of coldadapted microorganisms, and the role of biochar in prolonging the thermophilic stage of composting were reviewed. Also, the challenges were adequately addressed, and promising strategies to improve composting of livestock manure under harsh conditions were proposed. Still, there is a need for more investigation to get a better understanding of the role of microbial inoculants and biochar amendment regarding the start-up of the composting process in cold regions.
{"title":"Livestock Manure Composting in Cold Regions: Challenges and Solutions","authors":"Yousif Abdelrahman Yousif Abdellah, Chunyan Li","doi":"10.2478/agri-2020-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2020-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This review investigates the significant challenges of the process of livestock manure composting in cold regions and assesses the critical features related to the quality of the final compost product. Recently, the composting process has grasped more attention because of environmental pollution concerns and seeks for environmentally-sound approaches for managing livestock manure. Despite recent progress in crucial areas like the microbiology of compost, further improvement is needed in composting process monitoring. Therefore, specific obstacles related to livestock manure composting in cold regions, such as the generation and preservation of temperature, and the solution of obstacles such as inoculation of coldadapted microorganisms, and the role of biochar in prolonging the thermophilic stage of composting were reviewed. Also, the challenges were adequately addressed, and promising strategies to improve composting of livestock manure under harsh conditions were proposed. Still, there is a need for more investigation to get a better understanding of the role of microbial inoculants and biochar amendment regarding the start-up of the composting process in cold regions.","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"46 1","pages":"1 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87721920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The experimental activity was conducted at the Institute of Forage Crops (Pleven) during the period 2016 – 2018. The adaptive ability of 10 broad bean accessions was determined with respect to main quantitative traits based on parametric and nonparametric analysis. The environment influences to the highest degree the traits of 1st pod height, pods number and seed weight per plant. The plant height and seeds number were strongly influenced by the genotype, and the mass of 100 seeds was determined by the genotype × environment interaction. The broad bean accessions can be distributed as follows: Fb 1929 has a high value of the 1st pod height (34 cm) and is characterized by high plasticity and stability; BGE 029055 and Fb 1896 are stable and form a large number of pods per plant (11 – 15); Fb 1896 and Fb 2486 are distinguished with good adaptability and stability, increased seed weight (28.01 and 30.28 g, respectively) and 100 seeds mass (105.48 g and 91.31 g). Accessions BGE 032012 and Fb 2481 represent a selection value in terms of plant height (61.36 and 65.83 cm); Fb 1929 – in 1st pod height (32.46 cm); and BGE 029055, Fb 1896 and Fb 2486 – in pods number (10.59, 9.67 and 11.89). Fb 1896, Fb 2486 and BGE 041470 can be used to develop a new genetic diversity in breeding aimed at increasing the mass of 100 seeds and seed productivity.
{"title":"Adaptive Abilities of Broad Bean (Vicia faba L.) Accession in Terms of Main Quantitative Traits","authors":"N. Georgieva, V. Kosev","doi":"10.2478/agri-2019-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2019-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The experimental activity was conducted at the Institute of Forage Crops (Pleven) during the period 2016 – 2018. The adaptive ability of 10 broad bean accessions was determined with respect to main quantitative traits based on parametric and nonparametric analysis. The environment influences to the highest degree the traits of 1st pod height, pods number and seed weight per plant. The plant height and seeds number were strongly influenced by the genotype, and the mass of 100 seeds was determined by the genotype × environment interaction. The broad bean accessions can be distributed as follows: Fb 1929 has a high value of the 1st pod height (34 cm) and is characterized by high plasticity and stability; BGE 029055 and Fb 1896 are stable and form a large number of pods per plant (11 – 15); Fb 1896 and Fb 2486 are distinguished with good adaptability and stability, increased seed weight (28.01 and 30.28 g, respectively) and 100 seeds mass (105.48 g and 91.31 g). Accessions BGE 032012 and Fb 2481 represent a selection value in terms of plant height (61.36 and 65.83 cm); Fb 1929 – in 1st pod height (32.46 cm); and BGE 029055, Fb 1896 and Fb 2486 – in pods number (10.59, 9.67 and 11.89). Fb 1896, Fb 2486 and BGE 041470 can be used to develop a new genetic diversity in breeding aimed at increasing the mass of 100 seeds and seed productivity.","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"46 3 1","pages":"136 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89183017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this paper, the results of an investigation of the effects of particle-size distribution, soil organic matter content and its parameters on soil sorption capacity are presented and their mutual relationships in sandy soils under long-term fertilisation experiments are determined. Soil samples were taken at the experimental station of Warsaw University of Life Sciences located in Skierniewice, (Poland) in spring 2017. The study included 94- and 41-year-old experiments with mineral fertilisation (no fertilisation, NPK, CaNPK) and 25-year-old experiment with mineral fertilisation + farmyard manure (FYM) in 4-year cycle: FYM, FYM+NPK and FYM+CaNPK. The results show that in the 94-year-old experiment in NPK and CaNPK treatments, hydrolytic acidity (Ha) decreased in comparison with the control by 30% and 88%, respectively, while in 25- and 41-year-old experiments only the application of NPK significantly increased Ha values. The sum of basic cations increased by a factor of 10 at the most in the CaNPK treatment in the 94-year-old experiment. The same effect was also observed in the 25-year-old experiment. On the one hand, the sorption complex gradually became fully saturated as a result of fertilisation in the 94-year-old experiment. On the other hand, in the 25- and 41-year-old experiments, base saturation was substantially reduced. A higher humus stability was an important agent for improving soil sorption capacity in 41- and 94-year old experiments.
{"title":"Sorption Capacity of Sandy Soil Under Long-Term Fertilisation","authors":"V. Šimanský, J. Jonczak","doi":"10.2478/agri-2019-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2019-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, the results of an investigation of the effects of particle-size distribution, soil organic matter content and its parameters on soil sorption capacity are presented and their mutual relationships in sandy soils under long-term fertilisation experiments are determined. Soil samples were taken at the experimental station of Warsaw University of Life Sciences located in Skierniewice, (Poland) in spring 2017. The study included 94- and 41-year-old experiments with mineral fertilisation (no fertilisation, NPK, CaNPK) and 25-year-old experiment with mineral fertilisation + farmyard manure (FYM) in 4-year cycle: FYM, FYM+NPK and FYM+CaNPK. The results show that in the 94-year-old experiment in NPK and CaNPK treatments, hydrolytic acidity (Ha) decreased in comparison with the control by 30% and 88%, respectively, while in 25- and 41-year-old experiments only the application of NPK significantly increased Ha values. The sum of basic cations increased by a factor of 10 at the most in the CaNPK treatment in the 94-year-old experiment. The same effect was also observed in the 25-year-old experiment. On the one hand, the sorption complex gradually became fully saturated as a result of fertilisation in the 94-year-old experiment. On the other hand, in the 25- and 41-year-old experiments, base saturation was substantially reduced. A higher humus stability was an important agent for improving soil sorption capacity in 41- and 94-year old experiments.","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"15 1","pages":"164 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78949540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kizeková, R. Kanianska, L. Jancová, J. Čunderlík, Z. Dugátová, J. Makovníková
Abstract This paper aimed to monitory the dry matter biomass production and carbon stocks of above-and below-ground biomass in five types of grasslands in Slovakia: i) lowland oversowed pasture ii) lowland hay meadows, iii) mesophilous pasture, iv) mountain hay meadows, v) abandoned grassland. Averaged over two cropping seasons the total above-and below-ground biomass differed significantly across the monitored grasslands. It ranged respectively from 2.18 to 7.86 t/ha and from 9.64 to 22.67 t/ha dry matter depending on the pedoclimatic condition and the botanical composition of each grassland type. Consequently, this resulted also in the carbon stocks in above-and below-ground biomass. Generally, the mean carbon stocks were 1.56 t/ha for above-ground biomass (24%) and 4.83 t/ha for below-ground biomass (76%). The botanical composition for all the grassland types was also described. The highest number of plant species (55) was observed in lowland hay meadow located in Slovak Karst, the lowest one (23) for the oversowed grassland located in Eastern Slovak Upland. This monitoring paper showed that semi-natural grassland habitats and improved grasslands as well are an important carbon sink, and they can play a key role in global climate change mitigation.
{"title":"Above and Below Ground Biomass and Carbon Stock in Permanent Grasslands of Slovakia","authors":"M. Kizeková, R. Kanianska, L. Jancová, J. Čunderlík, Z. Dugátová, J. Makovníková","doi":"10.2478/agri-2019-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2019-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper aimed to monitory the dry matter biomass production and carbon stocks of above-and below-ground biomass in five types of grasslands in Slovakia: i) lowland oversowed pasture ii) lowland hay meadows, iii) mesophilous pasture, iv) mountain hay meadows, v) abandoned grassland. Averaged over two cropping seasons the total above-and below-ground biomass differed significantly across the monitored grasslands. It ranged respectively from 2.18 to 7.86 t/ha and from 9.64 to 22.67 t/ha dry matter depending on the pedoclimatic condition and the botanical composition of each grassland type. Consequently, this resulted also in the carbon stocks in above-and below-ground biomass. Generally, the mean carbon stocks were 1.56 t/ha for above-ground biomass (24%) and 4.83 t/ha for below-ground biomass (76%). The botanical composition for all the grassland types was also described. The highest number of plant species (55) was observed in lowland hay meadow located in Slovak Karst, the lowest one (23) for the oversowed grassland located in Eastern Slovak Upland. This monitoring paper showed that semi-natural grassland habitats and improved grasslands as well are an important carbon sink, and they can play a key role in global climate change mitigation.","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"51 4 1","pages":"155 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91058719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：