Michaela Piliarová, K. Ondreičková, M. Hudcovicová, D. Mihálik, J. Kraic
Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi living in the soil closely collaborate with plants in their root zone and play very important role in their evolution. Their symbiosis stimulates plant growth and resistance to different environmental stresses. Plant root system, extended by mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, has better capability to reach the water and dissolved nutrients from a much larger volume of soil. This could solve the problem of imminent depletion of phosphate stock, affect plant fertilisation, and contribute to sustainable production of foods, feeds, biofuel, and raw materials. Expanded plant root systems reduce erosion of soil, improve soil quality, and extend the diversity of soil microflora. On the other hand, symbiosis with plants affects species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and increased plant diversity supports diversity of fungi. This review summarizes the importance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to beneficial potential of their symbiosis with plants, and their function in the ecosystem.
{"title":"Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi – Their Life and Function in Ecosystem","authors":"Michaela Piliarová, K. Ondreičková, M. Hudcovicová, D. Mihálik, J. Kraic","doi":"10.2478/agri-2019-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2019-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi living in the soil closely collaborate with plants in their root zone and play very important role in their evolution. Their symbiosis stimulates plant growth and resistance to different environmental stresses. Plant root system, extended by mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, has better capability to reach the water and dissolved nutrients from a much larger volume of soil. This could solve the problem of imminent depletion of phosphate stock, affect plant fertilisation, and contribute to sustainable production of foods, feeds, biofuel, and raw materials. Expanded plant root systems reduce erosion of soil, improve soil quality, and extend the diversity of soil microflora. On the other hand, symbiosis with plants affects species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and increased plant diversity supports diversity of fungi. This review summarizes the importance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to beneficial potential of their symbiosis with plants, and their function in the ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"5 1","pages":"15 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82390132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Ondreičková, M. Gubišová, J. Gubiš, L. Klčová, M. Horník
Abstract Application of sewage sludge to soil is a potentially inexpensive source of nutrition for plants, but may contain undesirable and toxic substances, e.g. heavy metals. Alterations in microbial communities can serve as an environmental indicator of possible soil contamination. We used two molecular fingerprinting methods (Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis, ARISA and Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, T-RFLP) to study changes in the genetic diversity of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of Arundo donax L. cultivated in the soil fertilised with additive based on sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plant and agricultural by-products represented by crushed corn hobs and wastes from grain mill industry. The metagenomic DNA extracted from rhizosphere samples were collected in August and November 2014. The amount of mgDNA was statistically higher in samples with additive than in control samples without it in both dates. The Venn diagrams showed that operational taxonomic units which were common to all samples were represented in 32.8% in ARISA and 43.4% in T-RFLP. However, based on Principal component analysis and subsequent PERMANOVA statistical tests did not confirm significant differences in the rhizosphere of control plants and plants grown in the soil supplemented with sewage sludge in dose 5 and 15 t/ha present in the additive.
{"title":"Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities of Arundo Donax Grown in Soil Fertilised with Sewage Sludge and Agricultural by-Products","authors":"K. Ondreičková, M. Gubišová, J. Gubiš, L. Klčová, M. Horník","doi":"10.2478/agri-2019-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2019-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Application of sewage sludge to soil is a potentially inexpensive source of nutrition for plants, but may contain undesirable and toxic substances, e.g. heavy metals. Alterations in microbial communities can serve as an environmental indicator of possible soil contamination. We used two molecular fingerprinting methods (Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis, ARISA and Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, T-RFLP) to study changes in the genetic diversity of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of Arundo donax L. cultivated in the soil fertilised with additive based on sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plant and agricultural by-products represented by crushed corn hobs and wastes from grain mill industry. The metagenomic DNA extracted from rhizosphere samples were collected in August and November 2014. The amount of mgDNA was statistically higher in samples with additive than in control samples without it in both dates. The Venn diagrams showed that operational taxonomic units which were common to all samples were represented in 32.8% in ARISA and 43.4% in T-RFLP. However, based on Principal component analysis and subsequent PERMANOVA statistical tests did not confirm significant differences in the rhizosphere of control plants and plants grown in the soil supplemented with sewage sludge in dose 5 and 15 t/ha present in the additive.","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"65 1","pages":"37 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83402773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Klčová, K. Ondreičková, D. Mihálik, M. Gubišová
Abstract Wheat is one of three most important cereals worldwide. Its production rises every year. There is a possibility to improve quantitative and qualitative parameters by biolistic method of transformation. The process of introduction of desired gene into the wheat genome and plant regeneration is affected by many factors. To identify the suitable conditions, selection system, the influence of donor, plant environment and the regeneration capacity of wheat genotypes were tested. The scutella of immature embryos served as the initial explants. Plant regeneration was achieved by 6 out of 11 genotypes tested. The highest values were reached by the cultivar Ilias. The effect of donor, plant environment was evaluated by two genotypes. Plants from growth chamber appeared to be better source of explants compared to plants grown in the natural conditions. The selection system was optimized as follows: regeneration medium in the dark and subsequently in photoperiod conditions (DR) with 5 mg/l of phosphinotricin (PPT), shoot induction medium (DS) with 7 mg/l of PPT.
{"title":"The Choice of Suitable Conditions for Wheat Genetic Transformation","authors":"L. Klčová, K. Ondreičková, D. Mihálik, M. Gubišová","doi":"10.2478/agri-2019-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2019-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wheat is one of three most important cereals worldwide. Its production rises every year. There is a possibility to improve quantitative and qualitative parameters by biolistic method of transformation. The process of introduction of desired gene into the wheat genome and plant regeneration is affected by many factors. To identify the suitable conditions, selection system, the influence of donor, plant environment and the regeneration capacity of wheat genotypes were tested. The scutella of immature embryos served as the initial explants. Plant regeneration was achieved by 6 out of 11 genotypes tested. The highest values were reached by the cultivar Ilias. The effect of donor, plant environment was evaluated by two genotypes. Plants from growth chamber appeared to be better source of explants compared to plants grown in the natural conditions. The selection system was optimized as follows: regeneration medium in the dark and subsequently in photoperiod conditions (DR) with 5 mg/l of phosphinotricin (PPT), shoot induction medium (DS) with 7 mg/l of PPT.","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"2 1","pages":"30 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82656818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mahmoud, Suzy M. Abdelaziz, M. El-Mogy, Emad A. Abdeldaym
Abstract In order to assess the effects of green synthesized nanoparticles (GNPs) of Zn and Fe oxides on plant growth traits, photosynthetic capacity and nutritional quality of red radish (cv. Champion), two open field experiments were organised based on RCBD with four replicates. Treatments included: chicken manure, foliar application of ZnO + FeO (GNPs at a rate of 60 and 50 ppm, respectively), chicken manure plus ZnO + FeO (GNPs). This study revealed that growth and yield of radish plants significantly increased by ZnO + FeO nanoparticles application. The maximum vegetative growth, leaf pigments and root quality (diameter and weight) were recorded in plants treated with ZnO + FeO (GNPs) alone or in combination with chicken manure. Furthermore, the combined application of chicken manure with ZnO and FeO significantly improved the concentration of anthocyanins, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, crude protein and carbohydrates contents in radish root than single treatment. Similar trends were noted in photosynthesis rate, water use efficiency and values of Zn and Fe contents. In addition, health risk index for Zn and Fe were less than 1, which indicated to red radish plants supplied with ZnO and FeO GNPs were free of risks on human health. It was concluded that combination between chicken manure and ZnO + FeO GNPs can be considered as appropriate strategy for improving yield and nutritional status of red radish.
{"title":"Effect of Foliar Zno and Feo Nanoparticles Application on Growth and Nutritional Quality of Red Radish and Assessment of Their Accumulation on Human Health","authors":"A. Mahmoud, Suzy M. Abdelaziz, M. El-Mogy, Emad A. Abdeldaym","doi":"10.2478/agri-2019-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2019-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In order to assess the effects of green synthesized nanoparticles (GNPs) of Zn and Fe oxides on plant growth traits, photosynthetic capacity and nutritional quality of red radish (cv. Champion), two open field experiments were organised based on RCBD with four replicates. Treatments included: chicken manure, foliar application of ZnO + FeO (GNPs at a rate of 60 and 50 ppm, respectively), chicken manure plus ZnO + FeO (GNPs). This study revealed that growth and yield of radish plants significantly increased by ZnO + FeO nanoparticles application. The maximum vegetative growth, leaf pigments and root quality (diameter and weight) were recorded in plants treated with ZnO + FeO (GNPs) alone or in combination with chicken manure. Furthermore, the combined application of chicken manure with ZnO and FeO significantly improved the concentration of anthocyanins, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, crude protein and carbohydrates contents in radish root than single treatment. Similar trends were noted in photosynthesis rate, water use efficiency and values of Zn and Fe contents. In addition, health risk index for Zn and Fe were less than 1, which indicated to red radish plants supplied with ZnO and FeO GNPs were free of risks on human health. It was concluded that combination between chicken manure and ZnO + FeO GNPs can be considered as appropriate strategy for improving yield and nutritional status of red radish.","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"31 1","pages":"16 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85916832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Pavlov, J. Nôžková, Miroslava Šavrtková, I. Matvienko, N. Brutch
Abstract Plants of 13 fibre flax varieties were tested for their photosensitivity and differences of stems structure while grown in long and short daylight. It was detected that seven varieties did not change time of flowering in short 12 hours daylight in comparison with long 19 hours daylight. The extended diversity of fibre flax reactions on photoperiod changes and its relative independence of photosensitivity degree were found. Also, weak but significant correlation was found between photosensitivity coefficient and the degree of leaves number increase (r = 0.57). At the same time photo insensitive variety Belosnezhka improved leaves number up to 34%. Numbers of fibre bundles, their individual and total area on the stem cross section were not changed or reduced. Width, height, perimeter and shape of fibre bundles on a cross sections changed multidirectional. The areas of stem, its wooden part and cavity on a cross section showed no significant differences between plants grown in long and short day conditions. Evaluated flax characters were not strictly correlated with each other except those indicating the structure of fibre bundles. For breeding it is important that their relationships are not strongly influenced by the environment.
{"title":"Photoperiod Influence on the Stem Structure of Fibre Flax","authors":"A. Pavlov, J. Nôžková, Miroslava Šavrtková, I. Matvienko, N. Brutch","doi":"10.2478/agri-2018-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2018-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Plants of 13 fibre flax varieties were tested for their photosensitivity and differences of stems structure while grown in long and short daylight. It was detected that seven varieties did not change time of flowering in short 12 hours daylight in comparison with long 19 hours daylight. The extended diversity of fibre flax reactions on photoperiod changes and its relative independence of photosensitivity degree were found. Also, weak but significant correlation was found between photosensitivity coefficient and the degree of leaves number increase (r = 0.57). At the same time photo insensitive variety Belosnezhka improved leaves number up to 34%. Numbers of fibre bundles, their individual and total area on the stem cross section were not changed or reduced. Width, height, perimeter and shape of fibre bundles on a cross sections changed multidirectional. The areas of stem, its wooden part and cavity on a cross section showed no significant differences between plants grown in long and short day conditions. Evaluated flax characters were not strictly correlated with each other except those indicating the structure of fibre bundles. For breeding it is important that their relationships are not strongly influenced by the environment.","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"62 1","pages":"160 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73033234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Al-Nadabi, Mumtaz Khan, Rashid Al-Yahyai, A. Al-Sadi
Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate genetic relatedness of 27 citrus cultivars and 6 wild citrus accessions using AFLP fingerprinting. The 27 citrus cultivars belonged to Citrus sinensis, C. aurantifolia, C. aurantium, C. paradise, C. reticulata, C. limon, C. latifolia, C. maxima, C. limettoides, C. limetta, C. medica and C. Jambhiri. The wild cultivars were obtained from Oman while the other cultivars originated from Oman and other countries. AFLP analysis using 4 primer pair combinations resolved 910 polymorphic alleles. All citrus cultivars and accessions had low genetic diversity (H = 0.0281 to 0.1300), with the percent polymorphic loci ranging from 8 to 35%. Populations of the six wild citrus accessions showed a very low level of genetic diversity (< 0.0700). Cluster analysis of the 33 cultivars and accessions showed that they share a high level of genetic similarity (81‒99%; mean = 92%). The six wild accessions clustered into two main clusters, with the analysis indicating that the six wild accessions may make up six distinct cultivars. The study provides information on the phylogeny of citrus cultivars and citrus diversity in Oman, a country through which citrus moved in the past from Asia to different African and European countries. In addition, it shows that some distinct citrus cultivars are present in this part of the world.
{"title":"AFLP Fingerprinting Analysis of Citrus Cultivars and Wild Accessions from Oman Suggests the Presence of Six Distinct Cultivars","authors":"H. Al-Nadabi, Mumtaz Khan, Rashid Al-Yahyai, A. Al-Sadi","doi":"10.2478/agri-2018-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2018-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate genetic relatedness of 27 citrus cultivars and 6 wild citrus accessions using AFLP fingerprinting. The 27 citrus cultivars belonged to Citrus sinensis, C. aurantifolia, C. aurantium, C. paradise, C. reticulata, C. limon, C. latifolia, C. maxima, C. limettoides, C. limetta, C. medica and C. Jambhiri. The wild cultivars were obtained from Oman while the other cultivars originated from Oman and other countries. AFLP analysis using 4 primer pair combinations resolved 910 polymorphic alleles. All citrus cultivars and accessions had low genetic diversity (H = 0.0281 to 0.1300), with the percent polymorphic loci ranging from 8 to 35%. Populations of the six wild citrus accessions showed a very low level of genetic diversity (< 0.0700). Cluster analysis of the 33 cultivars and accessions showed that they share a high level of genetic similarity (81‒99%; mean = 92%). The six wild accessions clustered into two main clusters, with the analysis indicating that the six wild accessions may make up six distinct cultivars. The study provides information on the phylogeny of citrus cultivars and citrus diversity in Oman, a country through which citrus moved in the past from Asia to different African and European countries. In addition, it shows that some distinct citrus cultivars are present in this part of the world.","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"21 1","pages":"173 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83696534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The influence of different application of grape marc compost on the soil structure and the water stability of soil aggregate were studied in the course of four-year experiment. The trial was carried out in a Velké Bílovice vineyard in the Czech Republic. The altitude of the locality is about 200 m above sea level, the long-term average annual precipitation is 550 mm, the long-term average annual temperature is 9.5°C. The soil is Haplic Chernozem, loamy textured. Three variants were established: Variant 1 - control, no compost, Variant 2-30 t of compost per ha, Variant 3-60 t of compost per ha. The compost from pomace, poultry droppings, mown grass and straw was made in an EWA aerobic fermentor in an intensive and controlled process in an enclosed space and shallow ploughed (0-0.15 m) into the soil every year after harvest. The results of the experiment were statistically processed by multifactorial analysis of variance and then by Tukey’s test of simple contrasts. The highest values of structural coefficient and water stability of soil aggregate were found in the variant with the highest dosage of compost. It was found that the application of grape pomace compost to the soil had a positive effect both on the soil structure and the water stability of soil aggregates.
摘要在为期4年的试验中，研究了不同施用葡萄渣堆肥对土壤结构和土壤团聚体水稳定性的影响。这项试验是在捷克共和国的velk Bílovice葡萄园进行的。当地海拔200米左右，年长期平均降水量550毫米，年长期平均气温9.5℃。土壤为黑钙土，质地肥沃。建立了3个变异体:变异体1 -对照，不堆肥，变异体2-30 t /公顷堆肥，变异体3-60 t /公顷堆肥。将粪便、家禽粪便、割下的草和稻草制成堆肥，在EWA好氧发育罐内封闭空间内进行强化控制过程，每年收获后浅耕(0-0.15 m)入土。实验结果采用多因子方差分析和Tukey简单对比检验进行统计处理。土壤团聚体的结构系数和水稳定性在堆肥用量最大的变异中最高。结果表明，在土壤中施用葡萄渣堆肥对土壤结构和土壤团聚体的水稳定性都有积极的影响。
{"title":"The Soil Structure Changes under Varying Compost Dosage","authors":"J. Novotná, B. Badalíková","doi":"10.2478/agri-2018-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2018-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The influence of different application of grape marc compost on the soil structure and the water stability of soil aggregate were studied in the course of four-year experiment. The trial was carried out in a Velké Bílovice vineyard in the Czech Republic. The altitude of the locality is about 200 m above sea level, the long-term average annual precipitation is 550 mm, the long-term average annual temperature is 9.5°C. The soil is Haplic Chernozem, loamy textured. Three variants were established: Variant 1 - control, no compost, Variant 2-30 t of compost per ha, Variant 3-60 t of compost per ha. The compost from pomace, poultry droppings, mown grass and straw was made in an EWA aerobic fermentor in an intensive and controlled process in an enclosed space and shallow ploughed (0-0.15 m) into the soil every year after harvest. The results of the experiment were statistically processed by multifactorial analysis of variance and then by Tukey’s test of simple contrasts. The highest values of structural coefficient and water stability of soil aggregate were found in the variant with the highest dosage of compost. It was found that the application of grape pomace compost to the soil had a positive effect both on the soil structure and the water stability of soil aggregates.","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"20 1","pages":"143 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78688924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Lošák, J. Elbl, A. Kintl, P. Čermák, G. Mühlbachová, R. Neugschwandtner, S. Torma, J. Hlušek
Abstract A two-year pot experiment (5 kg of soil - Mitscherlich pots) was established in a vegetation hall in Brno (Czech Republic) in the years 2016‒2017. Spring barley, variety KWS Irina, was grown. Chernozem from Brno (with a good magnesium (Mg) content and alkali soil reaction - 7.37) was used for this experiment. The rates of Mg (0.075-0.15-0.3 g per pot) and sulphur (S) (0.1-0.2-0.4 g per pot) were increased by using the ESTA Kieserite fertiliser (25% MgO; 20% S), treatments 2-4. Nitrogen was applied in the form of Calcium Ammonium Nitrate - CAN (27% N) at a rate of 1 g N per pot in all the treatments including the control. The effect of the year was found to be significant on all the parameters under study, with the exception of the soil reaction. The exchangeable soil reaction (pH) after the harvest did not differ in all the fertilised treatments (7.40-7.50) compared to the unfertilised control treatment (7.40-7.45) in both years. The content of post-harvest soil Mg and S increased significantly with the applied rate (285-354 mg Mg/kg in fertilised treatments compared to 276-284 mg Mg/kg in unfertilised control and 47-112 mg S/kg in fertilised treatments compared to 24-54 mg S/kg in unfertilised control, respectively). Dry matter yields of the aboveground biomass were significantly the lowest in the control treatment not fertilised with Mg and S during both years (23.00 and 29.02 g DM per pot) and increased after applications of Mg and S: 27.75-29.25-28.25 in 2016 and 30.33-31.00-34.50 in 2017 (g DM per pot).
2016-2017年，在捷克布尔诺(Brno)的一个植被大厅进行了为期两年的盆栽试验(5 kg土壤- Mitscherlich盆栽)。种植了品种KWS Irina的春大麦。试验材料为布尔诺黑钙土(镁含量好，碱土反应- 7.37)。施用ESTA Kieserite肥料(25% MgO;20% S)，处理2-4次。包括对照在内的所有处理均以硝酸铵钙- CAN (27% N)形式施氮，施氮量为1 g N /盆。除了土壤反应外，年份对研究中的所有参数的影响都是显著的。两年内，所有施肥处理(7.40 ~ 7.50)与未施肥处理(7.40 ~ 7.45)相比，收获后土壤交换性反应(pH)无显著差异。收获后土壤Mg和S含量随施肥量显著增加(施肥处理为285 ~ 354 Mg Mg/kg，而未施肥处理为276 ~ 284 Mg Mg/kg;施肥处理为47 ~ 112 Mg S/kg，而未施肥处理为24 ~ 54 Mg S/kg)。两年间，未施用Mg和S的对照处理的地上生物量干物质产量均显著最低(23.00和29.02 g DM /锅)，施用Mg和S后，地上生物量干物质产量显著增加:2016年为27.75 ~ 29.25 ~ 28.25 g DM /锅，2017年为30.33 ~ 31.00 ~ 34.50 g DM /锅。
{"title":"Soil Agrochemical Changes after Kieserite Application into Chernozem and its Effect on Yields of Barley Biomass","authors":"T. Lošák, J. Elbl, A. Kintl, P. Čermák, G. Mühlbachová, R. Neugschwandtner, S. Torma, J. Hlušek","doi":"10.2478/agri-2018-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2018-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A two-year pot experiment (5 kg of soil - Mitscherlich pots) was established in a vegetation hall in Brno (Czech Republic) in the years 2016‒2017. Spring barley, variety KWS Irina, was grown. Chernozem from Brno (with a good magnesium (Mg) content and alkali soil reaction - 7.37) was used for this experiment. The rates of Mg (0.075-0.15-0.3 g per pot) and sulphur (S) (0.1-0.2-0.4 g per pot) were increased by using the ESTA Kieserite fertiliser (25% MgO; 20% S), treatments 2-4. Nitrogen was applied in the form of Calcium Ammonium Nitrate - CAN (27% N) at a rate of 1 g N per pot in all the treatments including the control. The effect of the year was found to be significant on all the parameters under study, with the exception of the soil reaction. The exchangeable soil reaction (pH) after the harvest did not differ in all the fertilised treatments (7.40-7.50) compared to the unfertilised control treatment (7.40-7.45) in both years. The content of post-harvest soil Mg and S increased significantly with the applied rate (285-354 mg Mg/kg in fertilised treatments compared to 276-284 mg Mg/kg in unfertilised control and 47-112 mg S/kg in fertilised treatments compared to 24-54 mg S/kg in unfertilised control, respectively). Dry matter yields of the aboveground biomass were significantly the lowest in the control treatment not fertilised with Mg and S during both years (23.00 and 29.02 g DM per pot) and increased after applications of Mg and S: 27.75-29.25-28.25 in 2016 and 30.33-31.00-34.50 in 2017 (g DM per pot).","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"6 1","pages":"183 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85844521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Three plots in Dry Polder Beša in Slovakia (E) and 3 plots in no flooded area (R) were chosen to assess the Cd, Pb and Ni contamination in the soil by using geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and anthropogenic contribution rate (ACR). Heavy metals content was measured at three depths (0‒0.2 m, 0.2‒0.4 m and 0.4‒0.6 m). It was found that the average content of Pb was 1.4 times higher and content of Ni 2.3 times higher at experimental area than at reference area. The average content of Cd were on the same level (E - 0.040 mg/kg, R - 0.041 mg/kg). The variability of heavy metals content in the soil was significantly influenced by soil depth and sampling plot and concentrations significantly correlated with soil organic carbon content (r - in the range of 0.41 to 0.65, p < 0.05). Geo-accumulation index indicates that the soils in the all of studied plots were polluted with respect to Ni, while were unpolluted with respect to Cd and Pb. Cd and Pb occurrence in these soils may be associated to the geochemical weathering. The value of the ACR indicate that anthropogenic input of Ni was 1.331 times higher in flooded area than in reference no flooded area. Different soil types can be arranged in descending Igeo values for Ni as follows: Luvisols ˃ Regosols ˃ Gleysols ˃ Chernozems. It was found that the content of Ni and Pb exceeded the critical values, in relation to transfer of contaminants from the soil to the plant , only at flooded area.
{"title":"Occasional Flooding Impact On Heavy Metals Content In The Soil Of Polder Beša","authors":"B. Šoltysová, J. Hecl, L. Kováč, M. Danilovič","doi":"10.2478/agri-2018-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2018-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Three plots in Dry Polder Beša in Slovakia (E) and 3 plots in no flooded area (R) were chosen to assess the Cd, Pb and Ni contamination in the soil by using geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and anthropogenic contribution rate (ACR). Heavy metals content was measured at three depths (0‒0.2 m, 0.2‒0.4 m and 0.4‒0.6 m). It was found that the average content of Pb was 1.4 times higher and content of Ni 2.3 times higher at experimental area than at reference area. The average content of Cd were on the same level (E - 0.040 mg/kg, R - 0.041 mg/kg). The variability of heavy metals content in the soil was significantly influenced by soil depth and sampling plot and concentrations significantly correlated with soil organic carbon content (r - in the range of 0.41 to 0.65, p < 0.05). Geo-accumulation index indicates that the soils in the all of studied plots were polluted with respect to Ni, while were unpolluted with respect to Cd and Pb. Cd and Pb occurrence in these soils may be associated to the geochemical weathering. The value of the ACR indicate that anthropogenic input of Ni was 1.331 times higher in flooded area than in reference no flooded area. Different soil types can be arranged in descending Igeo values for Ni as follows: Luvisols ˃ Regosols ˃ Gleysols ˃ Chernozems. It was found that the content of Ni and Pb exceeded the critical values, in relation to transfer of contaminants from the soil to the plant , only at flooded area.","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"4 1","pages":"149 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89279384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In Slovakia more than a half of the landfill‘s waste consist of the biodegradable waste (BDW). Therefore the BDW composting can decrease significantly the production of the landfill gas as well as the financial and space requirements for landfills. However, the composts production have to be solved comprehensively, including their rational usage. In Slovakia the use of composts is ineffective if the location of their production is farther than 50 km, because of the high tranportation costs. The objective of the experiments was to determine the ratio of vermicompost in the soil growing medium in order not to decrease the yield quantity and quality of radish - the most commonly grown vegetable in the gardens in Slovakia. Five shares of vermicompost were tested in the soil substrate (0%, 10%, 20%, 25% and 50%). The results show that 50% share of vermicompost in the soil substrate, i.e. the ratio of vermicompost to soil 1:1, was not the optimal solution of the vermicompost usage. However, even this quantity of vermicompost did not have a negative impact on the weight of the aboveground and underground phytomass in comparison with the treatment without vermicompost. 50% share of vermicompost in the growing medium had the negative impact on the qualitative parameters of radish. It decreased the content of vitamin C and increased the content of nitrates in radish roots and leaves. Along with the higher share of vermicompost in the growing medium, the content of vitamin C was decreased in radish roots and leaves, and the content of nitrates in radish roots was increased. The roots of the biggest diameter, and consequently the highest yield of radish roots and leaves was formed in the treatment where the soil substrate consisted of four portions of soil and one p ortion of vermicompost (20% proportion of vermicompost).
{"title":"Impact of Vermicompost as Component of Growing Medium on Phytomass Formation of Radish (Raphanus Sativus L.)","authors":"P. Kováčik, P. Salamún, S. Smoleń, M. Renčo","doi":"10.2478/agri-2018-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2018-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Slovakia more than a half of the landfill‘s waste consist of the biodegradable waste (BDW). Therefore the BDW composting can decrease significantly the production of the landfill gas as well as the financial and space requirements for landfills. However, the composts production have to be solved comprehensively, including their rational usage. In Slovakia the use of composts is ineffective if the location of their production is farther than 50 km, because of the high tranportation costs. The objective of the experiments was to determine the ratio of vermicompost in the soil growing medium in order not to decrease the yield quantity and quality of radish - the most commonly grown vegetable in the gardens in Slovakia. Five shares of vermicompost were tested in the soil substrate (0%, 10%, 20%, 25% and 50%). The results show that 50% share of vermicompost in the soil substrate, i.e. the ratio of vermicompost to soil 1:1, was not the optimal solution of the vermicompost usage. However, even this quantity of vermicompost did not have a negative impact on the weight of the aboveground and underground phytomass in comparison with the treatment without vermicompost. 50% share of vermicompost in the growing medium had the negative impact on the qualitative parameters of radish. It decreased the content of vitamin C and increased the content of nitrates in radish roots and leaves. Along with the higher share of vermicompost in the growing medium, the content of vitamin C was decreased in radish roots and leaves, and the content of nitrates in radish roots was increased. The roots of the biggest diameter, and consequently the highest yield of radish roots and leaves was formed in the treatment where the soil substrate consisted of four portions of soil and one p ortion of vermicompost (20% proportion of vermicompost).","PeriodicalId":7527,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)","volume":"16 1","pages":"106 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80269825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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