Vertex (Buenos Aires, Argentina)最新文献

The concept of mood disorders with mixed features, where both manic and depressive symptoms coexist, has been central to the development of the concept of bipolar disorder. This notion, which makes it possible to understand the simultaneity of apparently opposite states, was explored by Wilhelm Weygandt in his seminal work Über die Mischzustände des manisch-depressiven Irreseins (1899). Weygandt, who worked alongside Emil Kraepelin at the Heidelberg Psychiatric Clinic, published this monograph in the same year that Kraepelin consolidated his theory of manic-depressive insanity, marking a significant advance in the understanding of mixed disease states. Weygandt introduced the idea of a polarity shift as the foundation of mixed states, describing how affectivity, psychomotor activity and thought interact in a complex way, with no clear hierarchy between them. This approach, which remains highly relevant, challenges modern classifications, such as the DSM 5, by proposing a comprehensive view of mood disorders that considers the dynamic interactions of all affected areas. Although less recognized than Kraepelin's, Weygandt's work played a crucial role in crystallizing the theory of mixed states, the impact of which endures in contemporary psychiatry.

This article critically describes the main events and vicissitudes of psychiatry in France, starting from the notion and application of the principles of Mental Hygiene and the changes that took place after the Second World War, which led, under the inspiration of the experiences of institutional psychotherapy, to the establishment of the so-called health policy of the Sector and the principle of therapeutic continuity, and analyses the consequences that the application of neoliberal political and economic principles has had on the field of psychiatry and mental health.

Reseña de la obra: Apuestas online. La tormenta perfecta. Crianza digital y adicciones emergentes. Implicancias clínicas y lineamientos prácticos, por Federico Pavlovsky (Coordinador). Buenos Aires : Noveduc, 2024.

Introduction: Stroke is a risk factor for neurocognitive disorder. Studies report that post-stroke neurocognitive disorder is present in 20 % to 80 % of cases. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are also reported, with depression being the most common. This study aims to establish the prevalence of neurocognitive disorder, depression, and other neuropsychiatric symptoms in individuals with a first ischemic stroke.

Methods: Adult patients with a first ischemic stroke were evaluated at 3- and 12-months post-event using standard neuropsychological assessment, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Cummings Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Patients were classified as having normal cognitive performance and minor or major neurocognitive disorder according to DSM-5 criteria.

Results: A total of 36 patients with a mean age of 60.97 ± 16.98 years were included. Neurocognitive disorder (major and minor) was recorded in 63.8 % of cases at three months and 66.6 % at one year. Behavioral symptoms, according to the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, were observed in 69.4 % of cases at three months and 50 % at one year, while depressive symptoms, according to the Beck Depression Inventory-II, were present in 16.6 % of cases at three months and 22.2 % at one year. Arterial hypertension was the most common modifiable risk factor in this population and correlated with the presence of neurocognitive disorder.

Discussion: Detecting neurocognitive disorders and neuropsychiatric symptoms after a stroke is necessary based on their high prevalence reported, thereby allowing for proper management and comprehensive rehabilitation.

Objective: Effective access to essential services is critical for some individuals with autism. In Argentina, the Unique Disability ID ensures essential rights and benefits for people with autism. Analyzing the demand for autism-related Disability IDs can offer valuable insights into the needs of this population.

Method: This study examined official data on Unique Disability IDs for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Buenos Aires from 2016 to 2021.

Results: Results showed most Disability IDs were issued to males and for Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Notably, almost half of the Disability IDs were granted to individuals over 8 years old, being these consistent trends over the years. We observed a significant drop in Disability ID issuance in 2020.

Conclusions: Our findings highlight challenges regarding delayed and non-specific diagnosis, leading to delayed access to rights and less-targeted treatments. These patterns on spontaneous assistance requests for state servicesrelated to autism can shape well-informed public policies and optimize resource allocation.

Incluye algunas opiniones sobre la obra: ¿Es superior el hombre a la mujer? (1912), Buenos Aires, de Rodolfo Senet (1872-1938).

Objetivo: evaluar la calidad, hábitos y algunos trastornos del sueño días previos a la declaración del fin de la pandemia por COVID-19. Método: estudio observacional de corte transversal. Encuesta en línea distribuida a través de una plataforma web desde el 1 de marzo al 15 de abril 2023. El análisis consideró: información demográfica, calidad del sueño y algunos cambios de hábitos/conductas.

Resultados: se evaluaron N=2081 respuestas. La edad media fue de 37 ± 12 (16-86 años). El 56,5 % de las respuestas fueron del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires y el 70,7 % eran mujeres. El 68,3 % presentaba mala calidad de sueño. El 31,8 % dormía con mascotas. El 44,2% refirió trastornos en la conciliación del sueño y el 34,9% que dormía menos de seis horas. El 25,5 %  que la eficiencia de su sueño era inferior al 75%. Refirieron alteraciones en el mantenimiento del sueño el 25,3 %; ronquidos el 15 %; pesadillas el 16.4 %; bruxismo el 20.4 % y síndrome de piernas inquietas el 14.8 %. La mala calidad del sueño se asoció con el sexo femenino (p=0,00), con los que residían en el Área Metropolitana (p=0,01) y con los que dormían con mascotas (p=0,00). El sexo femenino presentó mayor prevalencia de síntomas del síndrome de piernas inquietas (p=0,00).

Conclusiones: el análisis identificó que más de la mitad de la población refirió mala calidad del sueño principalmente mujeres, residentes en el área metropolitana y en quienes dormían con mascotas.

Introduction: Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) originated in the UK and has demonstrated benefits in cognition and quality of life in patients with dementia, through a multicenter, randomized, controlled design study. It was adapted and implemented in more than 30 countries, consisting of 14 group sessions, weekly for 6 to 8 participants.

Method: In this paper we present the cultural adaptation of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy following the guidelines for the adaptation of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy to other cultures translated into Spanish to be used in our country. The adaptation method, called “Formative Model for Adapting Psychotherapy” (FMAP), from the “bottom up” is community-based. We started the process with the translation of the manual, then adapted it with feedback from consultations with patients, family members, caregivers and health professionals. Finally, we tested the feasibility and cultural adequacy of the therapy in Spanish.

Results: Some modifications, especially related to linguistic issues, were required in 10 of the 14 sessions. We were able to make a culturally appropriate adaptation of this Therapy for Argentina. The systematization and cultural adaptation manual is ready to be used for large-scale implementation and validation in this country.