Pub Date : 2018-10-03DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.76673
A. Shiraz, B. Leaker, A. Demosthenous
In neuromodulation, by delivering a form of stimulus to neural tissue the response of an associated neural circuit may be changed, enhanced or inhibited (i.e., modulated) as desired. This powerful technique may be used to treat various medical conditions as outlined in this chapter. After a brief introduction to the human nervous system, key example applications of electrical neuromodulation such as cardiac pacemakers, devices for pain relief, deep brain stimulation, cochlear implant and visual prosthesis and their respective methods of deployment are discussed. Furthermore, key features of wearable neuromodulators with reference to some existing devices are briefly reviewed. This chapter is concluded by a case study on design and development of a wearable device with non-invasive electrodes for treating lower urinary tract dysfunctions after spinal cord injury.
{"title":"Wearable Neuromodulators","authors":"A. Shiraz, B. Leaker, A. Demosthenous","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.76673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76673","url":null,"abstract":"In neuromodulation, by delivering a form of stimulus to neural tissue the response of an associated neural circuit may be changed, enhanced or inhibited (i.e., modulated) as desired. This powerful technique may be used to treat various medical conditions as outlined in this chapter. After a brief introduction to the human nervous system, key example applications of electrical neuromodulation such as cardiac pacemakers, devices for pain relief, deep brain stimulation, cochlear implant and visual prosthesis and their respective methods of deployment are discussed. Furthermore, key features of wearable neuromodulators with reference to some existing devices are briefly reviewed. This chapter is concluded by a case study on design and development of a wearable device with non-invasive electrodes for treating lower urinary tract dysfunctions after spinal cord injury.","PeriodicalId":75318,"journal":{"name":"Wearable technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/intechopen.76673","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44393474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-03DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76382
F. Aliyu, Basem Almadani
It is estimated that by the year 2020, 700 million wearable technology devices will be sold worldwide. One of the reasons is the industries’ need to increase their productivity. Some of the tools welcomed by industries are handheld devices such as tablets, PDAs and mobile phones. However, handheld devices are not ideal for industrial applications because they often subject users to fatigue during their long working hours. A viable solution to this problem is wearable devices. The advantage of wearable devices is that they become part of the user. Hence, they subject the user to less fatigue, thereby increas- ing their productivity. This chapter presents the development of an intelligent glove, which is designed to control actuators in an industrial environment. This system utilizes RTI connext data distributed service middleware to facilitate communication over WiFi. Our experiments show very promising results with maximum power consumption of 310 mW and latency as low as 23 ms. These results make the proposed system a perfect fit for most industrial applications.
{"title":"Middleware-Driven Intelligent Glove for Industrial Applications","authors":"F. Aliyu, Basem Almadani","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76382","url":null,"abstract":"It is estimated that by the year 2020, 700 million wearable technology devices will be sold worldwide. One of the reasons is the industries’ need to increase their productivity. Some of the tools welcomed by industries are handheld devices such as tablets, PDAs and mobile phones. However, handheld devices are not ideal for industrial applications because they often subject users to fatigue during their long working hours. A viable solution to this problem is wearable devices. The advantage of wearable devices is that they become part of the user. Hence, they subject the user to less fatigue, thereby increas- ing their productivity. This chapter presents the development of an intelligent glove, which is designed to control actuators in an industrial environment. This system utilizes RTI connext data distributed service middleware to facilitate communication over WiFi. Our experiments show very promising results with maximum power consumption of 310 mW and latency as low as 23 ms. These results make the proposed system a perfect fit for most industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":75318,"journal":{"name":"Wearable technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76382","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41812401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-03DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77002
V. Ferraro, Mila Stepanovic, S. Ferraris
According to the Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits, work-related exposures are estimated to account for about 15% of all adult respiratory diseases. Today, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is the only way for workers to prevent disease. Nevertheless, its use is highly sparse. Currently, products and systems embedded with wearable technologies are able to protect, motivate and educate users. The authors then suggested the development of a novel wearable system following the beliefs that wearable technology can be persuasive and elicit a conscious behaviour towards the use of the PPEs by consequently improving their health condition. The authors here describe the result of a Transnational Research Project named “ P_O_D Plurisensorial Device to prevent Occupational Disease. ” The chapter describes the findings achieved so far, the research phase and the new wearable system conceived as a possible example of how to use wearable technology as a useful tool to influence behavioural change.
{"title":"Wearable Technology as a Tool to Motivate Health Behaviour: A Case Study","authors":"V. Ferraro, Mila Stepanovic, S. Ferraris","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77002","url":null,"abstract":"According to the Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits, work-related exposures are estimated to account for about 15% of all adult respiratory diseases. Today, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is the only way for workers to prevent disease. Nevertheless, its use is highly sparse. Currently, products and systems embedded with wearable technologies are able to protect, motivate and educate users. The authors then suggested the development of a novel wearable system following the beliefs that wearable technology can be persuasive and elicit a conscious behaviour towards the use of the PPEs by consequently improving their health condition. The authors here describe the result of a Transnational Research Project named “ P_O_D Plurisensorial Device to prevent Occupational Disease. ” The chapter describes the findings achieved so far, the research phase and the new wearable system conceived as a possible example of how to use wearable technology as a useful tool to influence behavioural change.","PeriodicalId":75318,"journal":{"name":"Wearable technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44384300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-03DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76627
Jung-Sim Roh
With the recent convergence of electronics and textile technology, various kinds of smart wearables are being developed, such as heating clothes, health monitoring clothes, and motion sensing clothes. In this study, the novel conductive embroidery yarns for touch sensing and signal transmission for system on textile (SoT) are introduced. The conductive yarn for touch sensing can be used as a user interface of smart clothes by constructing an embroidery circuit. The conductive yarn for signal transmission can be embroidered on smart clothing and used as a transmission line to transmit power and signal. The conductive yarns and their embroidered circuits were characterized and SoT prototypes using the embroidered circuit of these conductive yarns were presented. These e-textiles based on touch sensing and signal transmission can be comfortably applied for SoT and maintain electrical performance without being damaged by tensile force generated by the movement of the wearer.
{"title":"Conductive Yarn Embroidered Circuits for System on Textiles","authors":"Jung-Sim Roh","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76627","url":null,"abstract":"With the recent convergence of electronics and textile technology, various kinds of smart wearables are being developed, such as heating clothes, health monitoring clothes, and motion sensing clothes. In this study, the novel conductive embroidery yarns for touch sensing and signal transmission for system on textile (SoT) are introduced. The conductive yarn for touch sensing can be used as a user interface of smart clothes by constructing an embroidery circuit. The conductive yarn for signal transmission can be embroidered on smart clothing and used as a transmission line to transmit power and signal. The conductive yarns and their embroidered circuits were characterized and SoT prototypes using the embroidered circuit of these conductive yarns were presented. These e-textiles based on touch sensing and signal transmission can be comfortably applied for SoT and maintain electrical performance without being damaged by tensile force generated by the movement of the wearer.","PeriodicalId":75318,"journal":{"name":"Wearable technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76627","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49460432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-03DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76916
N. Nasiri, A. Tricoli
Recent advances in miniaturized electronics, as well as mobile access to computational power, are fostering a rapid growth of wearable technologies. In particular, the application of such wearable technologies to health care enables to access more information from the patient than standard episodically testing conducted in health provider centres. Clinical, behavioural and self-monitored data collected by wearable devices provide a means for improving the early-stage detection and management of diseases as well as reducing the overall costs over more invasive standard diagnostics approaches. In this chapter, we will discuss some of the ongoing key innovations in materials science and micro/nano-fabrication technologies that are setting the basis for future personalized and preventive medicine devices and approaches. The design of wire- and power-less ultra-thin sensors fabricated on wearable biocompatible materials that can be placed in direct contact with the body tissues such as the skin will be reviewed, focusing on emerging solutions and bottlenecks. The application of nanotechnology for the fabrication of sophisticated minia- turized sensors will be presented. Exemplary sensor designs for the non-invasive measurement of ultra-low concentrations of important biomarkers will be discussed as case studies for the application of these emerging technologies.
{"title":"Advances in Wearable Sensing Technologies and Their Impact for Personalized and Preventive Medicine","authors":"N. Nasiri, A. Tricoli","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76916","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in miniaturized electronics, as well as mobile access to computational power, are fostering a rapid growth of wearable technologies. In particular, the application of such wearable technologies to health care enables to access more information from the patient than standard episodically testing conducted in health provider centres. Clinical, behavioural and self-monitored data collected by wearable devices provide a means for improving the early-stage detection and management of diseases as well as reducing the overall costs over more invasive standard diagnostics approaches. In this chapter, we will discuss some of the ongoing key innovations in materials science and micro/nano-fabrication technologies that are setting the basis for future personalized and preventive medicine devices and approaches. The design of wire- and power-less ultra-thin sensors fabricated on wearable biocompatible materials that can be placed in direct contact with the body tissues such as the skin will be reviewed, focusing on emerging solutions and bottlenecks. The application of nanotechnology for the fabrication of sophisticated minia- turized sensors will be presented. Exemplary sensor designs for the non-invasive measurement of ultra-low concentrations of important biomarkers will be discussed as case studies for the application of these emerging technologies.","PeriodicalId":75318,"journal":{"name":"Wearable technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76916","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47425425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-03DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76604
Hanzhu Jin, Qinghui Jin, J. Jian
Wearable devices seem to have great potential that could result in a revolutionary nonclinical approach to health monitoring and diagnosing disease. With continued innovation and intensive attention to the materials and fabrication technologies, development of these healthcare devices is progressively encouraged. This chapter gives a concise review of some of the main concepts and approaches related to recent advances and developments in the scope of wearable devices from the perspective of emerging materials. A complementary section of the review linking these advanced materials with wearable device technologies is particularly specified. Some of the strong and weak points in development of each wearable material/device are clearly highlighted and criticized.
{"title":"Smart Materials for Wearable Healthcare Devices","authors":"Hanzhu Jin, Qinghui Jin, J. Jian","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76604","url":null,"abstract":"Wearable devices seem to have great potential that could result in a revolutionary nonclinical approach to health monitoring and diagnosing disease. With continued innovation and intensive attention to the materials and fabrication technologies, development of these healthcare devices is progressively encouraged. This chapter gives a concise review of some of the main concepts and approaches related to recent advances and developments in the scope of wearable devices from the perspective of emerging materials. A complementary section of the review linking these advanced materials with wearable device technologies is particularly specified. Some of the strong and weak points in development of each wearable material/device are clearly highlighted and criticized.","PeriodicalId":75318,"journal":{"name":"Wearable technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76604","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45522666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-03DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76672
Pandiyarasan Veluswamy, S. Sathiyamoorthy, H. Ikeda, M. Elayaperumal, M. Maaza
Traditional materials for thermoelectric such as bismuth telluride have been studied and utilized commercially for the last half century, but recent advancements in materials selection are one of the principal function of the active thermoelectric device as it determines the reliability of the fabrication regarding technical and economic aspects. Recently, many researcher’s efforts have been made to utilize oxide nanomaterials for wearable thermo - electric power generator (WTPG) applications which may provide environmental stable, mechanical flexibility, and light weight with low cost of manufacturing. In precise, fabric containing oxide metals have shown great promise as P−/N-type materials with improved transport and UV shielding properties. On the other hand, we have focused on ZnO nano - structures as a high-efficiency WTPG material because they are non-toxic to skin, inex pensive and easy to obtain and possess attractive electronic properties, which means that they are available for clothing with low-cost fabrication. To our observation, we are chap tering about the thermoelectric properties of ZnO and their composite nanostructures coated cotton fabric via the solvothermal method for the first time.
{"title":"Recent Progress in Nanostructured Zinc Oxide Grown on Fabric for Wearable Thermoelectric Power Generator with UV Shielding","authors":"Pandiyarasan Veluswamy, S. Sathiyamoorthy, H. Ikeda, M. Elayaperumal, M. Maaza","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76672","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional materials for thermoelectric such as bismuth telluride have been studied and utilized commercially for the last half century, but recent advancements in materials selection are one of the principal function of the active thermoelectric device as it determines the reliability of the fabrication regarding technical and economic aspects. Recently, many researcher’s efforts have been made to utilize oxide nanomaterials for wearable thermo - electric power generator (WTPG) applications which may provide environmental stable, mechanical flexibility, and light weight with low cost of manufacturing. In precise, fabric containing oxide metals have shown great promise as P−/N-type materials with improved transport and UV shielding properties. On the other hand, we have focused on ZnO nano - structures as a high-efficiency WTPG material because they are non-toxic to skin, inex pensive and easy to obtain and possess attractive electronic properties, which means that they are available for clothing with low-cost fabrication. To our observation, we are chap tering about the thermoelectric properties of ZnO and their composite nanostructures coated cotton fabric via the solvothermal method for the first time.","PeriodicalId":75318,"journal":{"name":"Wearable technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76672","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41408852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-04DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76192
S. Bahadir, U. K. Şahi̇n
Flexible textile heating systems present great advantage due to their ability to bend and hence could ensure uniform heating for irregular geometries. In cooler outer environment, the user requires his/her body to be kept warm for monitoring vital body functions within realistic thermal body balance constraints. In this chapter, heated vest with controllable e-textile-based thermal panel has been studied. Several e-textile-based thermal panels with different conductive yarns were produced using hot air welding technology under different manufacturing parameters. E-textile-based thermal panels were tested for their heating behaviors at varying direct current (DC) power levels. Based on the experimental results, the optimum e-textile-based thermal panel design was chosen considering its flexibility and uniform heating behavior. Moreover, a control algorithm with electrical circuit and electrical connection network was designed and assembled in an electronic control module. Finally, the electronic module consisting of power control and management system was integrated to attachable e-textile-based thermal panel in order to form a wearable heating vest.
{"title":"A Wearable Heating System with a Controllable e-Textile- Based Thermal Panel","authors":"S. Bahadir, U. K. Şahi̇n","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76192","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible textile heating systems present great advantage due to their ability to bend and hence could ensure uniform heating for irregular geometries. In cooler outer environment, the user requires his/her body to be kept warm for monitoring vital body functions within realistic thermal body balance constraints. In this chapter, heated vest with controllable e-textile-based thermal panel has been studied. Several e-textile-based thermal panels with different conductive yarns were produced using hot air welding technology under different manufacturing parameters. E-textile-based thermal panels were tested for their heating behaviors at varying direct current (DC) power levels. Based on the experimental results, the optimum e-textile-based thermal panel design was chosen considering its flexibility and uniform heating behavior. Moreover, a control algorithm with electrical circuit and electrical connection network was designed and assembled in an electronic control module. Finally, the electronic module consisting of power control and management system was integrated to attachable e-textile-based thermal panel in order to form a wearable heating vest.","PeriodicalId":75318,"journal":{"name":"Wearable technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46068721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-04DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75483
Masahiko Suzuki, M. Yogo, M. Morita, H. Terashi, M. Iijima, M. Yoneyama, M. Takada, H. Utsumi, Y. Okuma, A. Hayashi, S. Orimo, H. Mitoma
We developed a new device, the portable gait rhythmogram (PGR), to record up to 70 hrs of movement-induced accelerations. Acceleration values induced by various movements, averaged every 10 min, showed gamma distribution, and the mean value of this distribu- tion was used as an index of the amount of overall movements. Furthermore, the PGR algorithm can specify gait-induced accelerations using the pattern-matching method. Analysis of the relationship between gait-induced accelerations and gait cycle duration makes it possible to quantify Parkinson’s disease (PD)-specific pathophysiological mechanisms underlying gait disorders. Patients with PD showed the following disease-specific patterns: (1) reduced amount of overall movements and (2) low amplitude of gait-induced accelerations in the early stages of the disease, which was compensated by fast stepping. Loss of compensation was associated with slow stepping gait, (3) narrow range of gait-induced acceleration amplitude and gait cycle duration, suggesting monotony, and (4) evident motor fluctuations during the day by tracing changes in the above two parameters. Prominent motor fluctuation was associated with frequent switching between slow stepping mode and active mode. These findings suggest that monitor - ing various movement- and gait-induced accelerations allows the detection of specific changes in PD. We conclude that continuous long-term monitoring of these parameters can provide accurate quantitative assessment of parkinsonian clinical motor signs.
{"title":"A Proposal for New Algorithm that Defines Gait-Induced Acceleration and Gait Cycle in Daily Parkinsonian Gait Disorders","authors":"Masahiko Suzuki, M. Yogo, M. Morita, H. Terashi, M. Iijima, M. Yoneyama, M. Takada, H. Utsumi, Y. Okuma, A. Hayashi, S. Orimo, H. Mitoma","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75483","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a new device, the portable gait rhythmogram (PGR), to record up to 70 hrs of movement-induced accelerations. Acceleration values induced by various movements, averaged every 10 min, showed gamma distribution, and the mean value of this distribu- tion was used as an index of the amount of overall movements. Furthermore, the PGR algorithm can specify gait-induced accelerations using the pattern-matching method. Analysis of the relationship between gait-induced accelerations and gait cycle duration makes it possible to quantify Parkinson’s disease (PD)-specific pathophysiological mechanisms underlying gait disorders. Patients with PD showed the following disease-specific patterns: (1) reduced amount of overall movements and (2) low amplitude of gait-induced accelerations in the early stages of the disease, which was compensated by fast stepping. Loss of compensation was associated with slow stepping gait, (3) narrow range of gait-induced acceleration amplitude and gait cycle duration, suggesting monotony, and (4) evident motor fluctuations during the day by tracing changes in the above two parameters. Prominent motor fluctuation was associated with frequent switching between slow stepping mode and active mode. These findings suggest that monitor - ing various movement- and gait-induced accelerations allows the detection of specific changes in PD. We conclude that continuous long-term monitoring of these parameters can provide accurate quantitative assessment of parkinsonian clinical motor signs.","PeriodicalId":75318,"journal":{"name":"Wearable technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75483","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44356595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-03DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75912
P. D. S. Júnior, A. Serres, R. Freire, G. K. F. Serres, E. Gurjão, J. N. Carvalho, E. Santana
Additional information available at the chapter Abstract Due to the recent miniaturization of wireless devices, the use of wearable antennasis steadily increasing. A wearable antenna is intended to be a part of the clothing used for communication purposes. In this way, a lower visual cost may be achieved. Recently, biologically inspired design, a kind of design by cross-domain analogy is a promising paradigm for innovation as well as low visual cost. The shapes of the plants are structures optimized by nature with the primary goal of light energy capture, transforming it into chemical energy. In this case, they have similar behavior to that of parabolic reflectors; this enables microwave engineers design innovative antennas using bio-inspired concepts. One of the advantages of using bio-inspired plant shapes is the design of antennas with great perimeters in compact structures. Thus, we have small antennas operating in low frequencies. This chapter presents the recent development in bio-inspired wearable antennas, easily integrated to the clothes and accessories used by the body, built in denim, low-cost flexible dielectric, and polyamide flexible dielectric, that is flexible with high resistance to twists and temperatures, for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications, operating in cellular mobile (2G, 3G, and 4G) and wireless local area network (2.4 and 5 GHz) protocols. polyamide). Designed antennas were analyzed by simulation and by measurement in implemented prototypes. The proposed bio-inspiration results in more compact antennas by the reduction of the antennas radiating element. However, compared to Euclidean shapes, two side effects were observed a reduction of the gain and an increase of the current density. On the other hand, the bio-inspired antennas present a higher concentration of the surface current and the decrease of gain can be prevented using leaf arrays with esthetic appeal. The gain can be improved by using thicker substrates and the current density can be regulated using plant shapes with flat geometries or the least sharp possible. These characteristics open a large research field for wearable embedded antennas.
{"title":"Bio-Inspired Wearable Antennas","authors":"P. D. S. Júnior, A. Serres, R. Freire, G. K. F. Serres, E. Gurjão, J. N. Carvalho, E. Santana","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75912","url":null,"abstract":"Additional information available at the chapter Abstract Due to the recent miniaturization of wireless devices, the use of wearable antennasis steadily increasing. A wearable antenna is intended to be a part of the clothing used for communication purposes. In this way, a lower visual cost may be achieved. Recently, biologically inspired design, a kind of design by cross-domain analogy is a promising paradigm for innovation as well as low visual cost. The shapes of the plants are structures optimized by nature with the primary goal of light energy capture, transforming it into chemical energy. In this case, they have similar behavior to that of parabolic reflectors; this enables microwave engineers design innovative antennas using bio-inspired concepts. One of the advantages of using bio-inspired plant shapes is the design of antennas with great perimeters in compact structures. Thus, we have small antennas operating in low frequencies. This chapter presents the recent development in bio-inspired wearable antennas, easily integrated to the clothes and accessories used by the body, built in denim, low-cost flexible dielectric, and polyamide flexible dielectric, that is flexible with high resistance to twists and temperatures, for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications, operating in cellular mobile (2G, 3G, and 4G) and wireless local area network (2.4 and 5 GHz) protocols. polyamide). Designed antennas were analyzed by simulation and by measurement in implemented prototypes. The proposed bio-inspiration results in more compact antennas by the reduction of the antennas radiating element. However, compared to Euclidean shapes, two side effects were observed a reduction of the gain and an increase of the current density. On the other hand, the bio-inspired antennas present a higher concentration of the surface current and the decrease of gain can be prevented using leaf arrays with esthetic appeal. The gain can be improved by using thicker substrates and the current density can be regulated using plant shapes with flat geometries or the least sharp possible. These characteristics open a large research field for wearable embedded antennas.","PeriodicalId":75318,"journal":{"name":"Wearable technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75912","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45536738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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