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Ensemble Prediction of Job Resources to Improve System Performance for Slurm-Based HPC Systems. 联合预测作业资源,提高基于 Slurm 的高性能计算系统的系统性能。
Pub Date : 2021-07-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-17 DOI: 10.1145/3437359.3465574
Mohammed Tanash, Daniel Andresen, Huichen Yang, William Hsu

In this paper, we present a novel methodology for predicting job resources (memory and time) for submitted jobs on HPC systems. Our methodology based on historical jobs data (saccount data) provided from the Slurm workload manager using supervised machine learning. This Machine Learning (ML) prediction model is effective and useful for both HPC administrators and HPC users. Moreover, our ML model increases the efficiency and utilization for HPC systems, thus reduce power consumption as well. Our model involves using Several supervised machine learning discriminative models from the scikit-learn machine learning library and LightGBM applied on historical data from Slurm. Our model helps HPC users to determine the required amount of resources for their submitted jobs and make it easier for them to use HPC resources efficiently. This work provides the second step towards implementing our general open source tool towards HPC service providers. For this work, our Machine learning model has been implemented and tested using two HPC providers, an XSEDE service provider (University of Colorado-Boulder (RMACC Summit) and Kansas State University (Beocat)). We used more than two hundred thousand jobs: one-hundred thousand jobs from SUMMIT and one-hundred thousand jobs from Beocat, to model and assess our ML model performance. In particular we measured the improvement of running time, turnaround time, average waiting time for the submitted jobs; and measured utilization of the HPC clusters. Our model achieved up to 86% accuracy in predicting the amount of time and the amount of memory for both SUMMIT and Beocat HPC resources. Our results show that our model helps dramatically reduce computational average waiting time (from 380 to 4 hours in RMACC Summit and from 662 hours to 28 hours in Beocat); reduced turnaround time (from 403 to 6 hours in RMACC Summit and from 673 hours to 35 hours in Beocat); and acheived up to 100% utilization for both HPC resources.

在本文中,我们提出了一种预测高性能计算系统上已提交作业的作业资源(内存和时间)的新方法。我们的方法基于 Slurm 工作负载管理器提供的历史作业数据(saccount 数据),并使用了有监督的机器学习方法。这种机器学习(ML)预测模型对高性能计算管理员和高性能计算用户都非常有效和有用。此外,我们的 ML 模型还能提高 HPC 系统的效率和利用率,从而降低功耗。我们的模型使用了scikit-learn机器学习库中的几个监督机器学习判别模型,并将LightGBM应用于Slurm的历史数据。我们的模型可以帮助高性能计算用户确定他们提交的作业所需的资源量,使他们更容易高效地使用高性能计算资源。这项工作为面向高性能计算服务提供商实施我们的通用开源工具迈出了第二步。在这项工作中,我们使用两个高性能计算服务提供商(XSEDE 服务提供商(科罗拉多大学博尔德分校(RMACC Summit)和堪萨斯州立大学(Beocat))实施并测试了我们的机器学习模型。我们使用了二十多万个作业:SUMMIT 的十万个作业和 Beocat 的十万个作业,对我们的 ML 模型性能进行建模和评估。我们特别测量了提交作业的运行时间、周转时间和平均等待时间的改善情况,并测量了高性能计算集群的利用率。我们的模型在预测 SUMMIT 和 Beocat HPC 资源的时间量和内存量方面的准确率高达 86%。我们的结果表明,我们的模型有助于大幅减少计算平均等待时间(RMACC Summit 从 380 小时减少到 4 小时,Beocat 从 662 小时减少到 28 小时);减少周转时间(RMACC Summit 从 403 小时减少到 6 小时,Beocat 从 673 小时减少到 35 小时);并使两种 HPC 资源的利用率均达到 100%。
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引用次数: 0
Knorpelschaden und Gonarthrose, Teil IV 软骨损害和淋病,第四部分
Pub Date : 2007-02-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-955866
G. Spahn1
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引用次数: 0
Die minimalinvasive antegrade elastische intramedulläre Nagelung (ESIN) bei dislozierten Klavikulaschaftfrakturen 微创晋级耐强韧晋级脊柱中部骨折
Pub Date : 2007-02-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-965097
F. Hartmann1, M. Hessmann1, E. Gercek1, R. Küchle1, P. Rommens1
Einleitung: Material und Methoden: Ergebnisse: Schlussfolgerung: Introduction: Materials and Methods: Results: Conclusion:
材料与方法简介:材料与方法结果:结论:
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引用次数: 3
Versorgung der distalen Radiusfraktur mit isoelastischen, intramedullären Drähten 进行体外分裂治疗
Pub Date : 2007-02-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-965180
T. Schlummer1, V. Gilbert1, B. Fortmeier1, G. Lasek2
Hintergrund: Patienten und Methode: Ergebnisse: Schlussfolgerung: Background: Methods: Results: Conclusions:
背景:病人与方法:结果:推理结果:方法:结果:
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引用次数: 0
Knorpelschaden und Gonarthrose, Teil III 第三部,软骨损害及关节炎
Pub Date : 2007-02-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-955864
G. Spahn1
durch-Abstract Patients suffering from gonarthritis have to understand the character of this chronic disease. This is an important presupposition for success in conservative or operative treatment. The patient has to understand that gonarthritis mostly means long-life changes in lifestyle. The intensive talk with the physician but also information brochures as well as participation in self-care-groups can be helpfully. Conservative treatment of gonarthritis based on three main directions: drugs, physical therapy and supports. The mainly drugs which are used in treatment of gonar-thritis have analgetic and antiphlogistic effects. Pure analgetic drugs (non-opiate or opiate analgetic) are seldom required. It is generally accepted that NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are method of choice in arthritis therapy today. The mainly effect of NSAID is an inhibition of the prostaglandin synthesis by inhibition of the cyclooxigenase activity. Disadvan-tageously are side effects especially within the gastro-intestinal tract. No significantly effects produce topical drugs (containing NSAID or phytotherapeutics). But in some cases these externa effect a decrease of the patients complaints. Other drugs called as SADOA (slow acting drugs in osteoarthritis) or DMOAD (disease modyfying osteoarthritis drugs) can be usefull in gonarthi-tis treatment. SADOA are f.e. D-glucosamine-sulfate, vitamin E, selen or i.a.
患有膝关节炎的患者必须了解这种慢性疾病的特点。这是保守或手术治疗成功的重要前提。患者必须明白,膝关节炎主要意味着生活方式的长期改变。与医生的密集谈话,以及信息手册以及参与自我保健小组可能会有所帮助。保守治疗基于三个主要方向:药物、物理治疗和支持。目前治疗甲状腺性炎的主要药物具有镇痛和抗炎作用。很少需要纯镇痛药物(非阿片类或阿片类镇痛药物)。目前,人们普遍认为非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)是治疗关节炎的首选方法。非甾体抗炎药的主要作用是通过抑制环氧化酶活性来抑制前列腺素的合成。不利的是副作用,特别是在胃肠道内。外用药物(含非甾体抗炎药或植物疗法)无显著影响。但在某些情况下,这些外部效应减少了患者的抱怨。其他被称为SADOA(骨关节炎慢效药物)或DMOAD(疾病改变性骨关节炎药物)的药物也可用于治疗膝关节炎。SADOA主要含d -氨基葡萄糖硫酸盐、维生素E、硒或维生素a。
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引用次数: 0
Beeinflusst die Kooperationsfähigkeit das funktionelle Resultat operativ behandelter proximaler Oberarmfrakturen im Senium? 相互合作的能力又如何影响了老年痴呆症的治疗后半月天骨折的结果呢?
Pub Date : 2007-02-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-965179
M. Walz1, B. Kolbow2, E. Esmer1
Studienziel: Methode: Ergebnisse: Schlussfolgerung: Aim: Method: Results: Conclusion:
目标:方法:结果:Aim:方法:结果:认可:
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引用次数: 0
Knorpelschaden und Gonarthrose, Teil V 软骨损害和关节炎,第五部
Pub Date : 2007-02-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-955865
G. Spahn1
Langzeitergeb-nisse möglich geworden. Methode der Wahl ist die Implantation der zumindest teilweise (tibial) zementierten Semiconstrained-Prothese. Die Standzeit der Prothese beträgt durchschnittlich 10 Jahre. Daneben kommt bei älteren und inaktiven Patienten die unikondyläre Prothesenimplantation bei auf ein Gelenkkompar-timent beschränkten Arthrosen in Betracht. Abstract Axial realignment by osteotomy and arthroplasty are important methods in treatment of gonarthritis today. The osteotomies are purposed to transfer the mean bearing line of the leg from the destructed knee compartment into the non-affected area. The osteotomies are performed by the medial-opening techniques in a high frequency today. This operation is optimal in younger patients who suffering from unicompartimental gonarthritis. Arthroplasty also produces excellent or good long-term results, today. The implantation of semiconstrained cemented or partially cemented (tibial) bicondular endoprosthesis is method of choice in the mostly cases. The survival after arthroplasty amounts meanly 10 years. The unicondular joint replacement is only indicated in cases of unilateral gonarthritis in older and inactive patients.
Langzeitergeb-nisse möglich geworden。方法:采用半应变聚丙烯(semi - strain - prothi)材料,在胫骨上植入半应变聚丙烯(semi - strain - prothi)。Die Standzeit der Prothese beträgt durchschnittlich 10 Jahre。假体植入术研究进展älteren与不活跃患者死亡unikondyläre假体植入术研究进展beschränkten关节研究进展。截骨和关节置换术是目前治疗膝关节炎的重要方法。截骨术的目的是将腿部的平均承受力线从受损的膝关节室转移到未受影响的区域。截骨术目前采用的是高频率的内侧切开技术。这种手术最适合患有单侧膝关节炎的年轻患者。如今,关节成形术也能产生优异或良好的长期效果。半应变骨水泥或部分骨水泥(胫骨)双髁内假体植入是大多数病例的选择方法。关节置换术后的生存期平均为10年。单关节置换术仅适用于老年和不活跃患者的单侧膝关节炎。
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引用次数: 0
Ultrasonography as a Diagnostic Modality in Sever's Disease (Calcaneal Apophysitis) 超声检查在重症疾病(跟骨突炎)中的诊断价值
Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-924590
Y. Kleinbaum1, A. Ganel2, A. Blankstein1 , 2
Sever’s disease or calcaneal apophysitis is a common source of heel pain in young athletes. A possible diagnosis of Sever’s disease is generally done clinically. Radiographs are usually taken to assess the ossification of the secondary nucleus, and to rule out other pathologies. In this study we tried to assess the role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of Sever’s disease. We performed ultrasound examination on 24 children (48 heels) with heel pain clinically consistent with Sever’s disease. 37 symptomatic heels and 11 non-symptomatic heels were examined. All of these heels showed some fragmentation of the secondary ossification center. 24/37 symptomatic heels showed rough fragmentation, which resembled saw-teeth. None of the 11 non-symp-tomatic heels showed such rough of fragmentation. Five symptomatic heels and one non-symptomatic heel also showed fluid in the retrocalcaneal bursa. None of the examined heels showed abnormal findings in the Achilles tendon or in the plantar fascia. In conclusion, sonography has been shown to be helpful in the evaluation of Sever’s disease. We suggest that the sonographic appearance of rough fragmentation with “saw-teeth” appearance can be used as specific sign for Sever’s disease.
塞弗氏病或跟骨突炎是年轻运动员脚后跟疼痛的常见原因。对塞弗氏病的可能诊断通常在临床上进行。x线片通常用于评估第二核的骨化,并排除其他病理。在本研究中,我们试图评估超声检查在塞弗氏病诊断中的作用。我们对24名儿童(48个脚跟)进行了超声检查,他们的足跟疼痛在临床上符合Sever病。有症状的鞋跟37例,无症状的鞋跟11例。所有这些足跟都显示了继发性骨化中心的一些碎裂。24/37有症状的鞋跟呈粗糙碎裂,类似锯齿状。11个无症状的脚跟都没有出现如此粗糙的碎裂。5个有症状的足跟和1个无症状的足跟也有跟后囊积液。没有检查的脚跟显示异常的发现在跟腱或足底筋膜。总之,超声检查已被证明有助于对塞弗氏病的评估。我们建议超声表现为粗糙碎裂并呈锯齿状,可作为塞弗氏病的特异性征象。
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引用次数: 4
Knorpelschaden und Gonarthrose 软骨损伤和喉炎
Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-924755
G. Spahn1
Knee pain has a high prevalence (about 30%) in the community. There is a positive correlation between increasing age and the frequency of cartilage lesions as wells as manifest gonarthritis. In patients over 40 years is an incidence of gonarthritis of 1–2% per year. There are only little information’s about really and significantly risk factors for development of gonarthritis. Chondral lesions generally are classified into four degrees: grad I means superficial softening and fissuring, grad II means lesions up to the half of the thickness of the cartilage layer, grade III means lesions up to the subchondral bone and finally grad IV means the complete ulcer with widely open laying subchondral bone. The radiography is the golden standard for classifying the grad of gonarthritis. The magnetic resonance tomography against is the only minimal-invasive evaluation for exactly diagnosis of cartilage lesions. Still this measure is mostly sufficient in evaluation of high grade cartilage lesions but it has its limitations in the diagnosis of low grade chondral damages. Arthroscopy means to be the mostly objective method for evaluation of chondral lesions. But also arthroscopy has its own limitations. The judgements of arthroscopic evaluation depend on the surgeon experiences and it is finally also a subjective method. The disease cartilage lesion respectively gonarthritis is characterized by a large number of individual subjective complaints and objective parameters. The mostly gonarthritis scores often ideally reflect the severe of the disease.
膝关节疼痛在社区有很高的患病率(约30%)。年龄的增长与软骨病变和明显的膝关节炎的频率呈正相关。40岁以上患者的膝关节炎发病率为每年1-2%。只有很少的信息是关于真正的和显著的风险因素发展的膝关节炎。软骨病变一般分为四个程度:I级是指表面软化和开裂,II级是指软骨层厚度的一半,III级是指软骨下骨的病变,最后IV级是指软骨下骨的完全溃疡和广泛开放。x线摄影是鉴别膝关节炎等级的金标准。磁共振断层扫描是唯一的微创评估准确诊断软骨病变。该方法在评价高级别软骨损伤时基本足够,但在诊断低级别软骨损伤时存在局限性。关节镜是评估软骨病变最客观的方法。但是关节镜检查也有它自己的局限性。关节镜评估的判断取决于术者的经验,最终也是一种主观的方法。软骨病变的疾病分别具有大量的个体主诉和客观参数。大多数膝关节炎的评分通常理想地反映了疾病的严重程度。
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引用次数: 2
Stellenwert von Endoprothetik und Umstellungsosteotomie bei Gonarthrose - Ergebnisse einer Umfrage an Unfallchirurgischen und Orthopädischen Kliniken 对创伤外科和骨科诊所的一项调查结果显示,肺道炎和淋病对血管造血术的影响
Pub Date : 2006-10-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-955907
H. Bäthis1, M. Tingart2, L. Perlick2, C. Lüring2, S. Anders2, J. Grifka2
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Aktuelle Traumatologie
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