Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.14
O. Belogurova, M. Savarina, T. Sharai
: This work is aimed at using the technogenic raw materials of the Kovdorsky GOK for the production of refractory materials. Currently, many researchers are engaged in the development of technologies for unshaped materials. The most demanded among them are refractory concrete. They are able to set and harden at low temperatures with the formation of structures that retain their characteristics when heated. In our work, concretes were obtained from a briquette based on forsterite concentrate obtained from the waste of the Kovdorsky GOK. Magnesium phosphate cement was used as a binder. As a result of the research, the grain composition of the charge was selected, the ratio of filler and binder to improve the structural properties of concrete was found, the effects of the composition and the temperature of heat treatment of concretes on the physical and technical properties were shown. Concretes have the following characteristics: bulk density 2170-2260 kg / m 3 , strength up to 50 MPa (at 25°C), volume change after heat treatment at 450-1000°C 1-2%. Recovering the waste of the Kovdorsky GOK by manufacture of concrete will lead to a qualitatively new use of non-renewable natural resources, reduce the rate of depletion of mineral raw materials in the subsoil, eliminate sources of environmental pollution and restore land occupied by waste.
{"title":"Refractory Concretes from Waste of Kovdor Mining and Processing Plant by Magnesium Phosphate Cement","authors":"O. Belogurova, M. Savarina, T. Sharai","doi":"10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.14","url":null,"abstract":": This work is aimed at using the technogenic raw materials of the Kovdorsky GOK for the production of refractory materials. Currently, many researchers are engaged in the development of technologies for unshaped materials. The most demanded among them are refractory concrete. They are able to set and harden at low temperatures with the formation of structures that retain their characteristics when heated. In our work, concretes were obtained from a briquette based on forsterite concentrate obtained from the waste of the Kovdorsky GOK. Magnesium phosphate cement was used as a binder. As a result of the research, the grain composition of the charge was selected, the ratio of filler and binder to improve the structural properties of concrete was found, the effects of the composition and the temperature of heat treatment of concretes on the physical and technical properties were shown. Concretes have the following characteristics: bulk density 2170-2260 kg / m 3 , strength up to 50 MPa (at 25°C), volume change after heat treatment at 450-1000°C 1-2%. Recovering the waste of the Kovdorsky GOK by manufacture of concrete will lead to a qualitatively new use of non-renewable natural resources, reduce the rate of depletion of mineral raw materials in the subsoil, eliminate sources of environmental pollution and restore land occupied by waste.","PeriodicalId":7549,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Protection","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84461745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ajep.20211004.14
Adel Abdulhadi Jawad, Ahmed Fadel Mkhaiber, Khaled Hadi Mahdi, Sabah Ageeb Kassid, Zaidoon Hafed Ibrahem
{"title":"Prepare Concrete Shielding from Local Materials and Study Linear Attenuation Coefficients","authors":"Adel Abdulhadi Jawad, Ahmed Fadel Mkhaiber, Khaled Hadi Mahdi, Sabah Ageeb Kassid, Zaidoon Hafed Ibrahem","doi":"10.11648/j.ajep.20211004.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211004.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7549,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72942698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.15
H. Tahat, Mylene Gueneron, Gary Pruitt, P. Ndegwa, N. Embertson
{"title":"Regional Air Emissions Reduction from Dairy Operations Via Best Management Practices","authors":"H. Tahat, Mylene Gueneron, Gary Pruitt, P. Ndegwa, N. Embertson","doi":"10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7549,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Protection","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80971613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.13
Marcelo dos Santos Fernandes, Thiago Borges Da Silva, Michael Douglas Custodio Galindo
There is great concern about the world amphibian populations reduction resulting from six major ecological factors cited as causes of modern amphibian declines and extinctions. Habitat loss resulting from deforestation and pollution of water reservoirs are usually events in agricultural production processes in Brazil and are important examples of these factors. In addition, there are many gaps in the knowledge of amphibian communities across the Brazilian territory. We carried out an anurofauna inventory for an impacted rural area, consisting of a pond located in the middle of an agricultural soybean plantation, in the municipality of Ituverava, State of São Paulo, in 2009. The inventory showed 15 species of anurans in 4 families. The most abundant families were Hylidae (six species) and Leptodactylidae (six species), one of them belonging to the subfamily Leiuperinae. The families Bufonidae (two species) and Microhylidae (one species) were also observed. Two species identified could be interesting finds, since the registration of Pseudis bolbodactyla (Lutz, 1925) in the São Paulo state until the present moment has no mentioned, and Rhinella mirandaribeiroi (Gallardo, 1965), was first described recently to São Paulo state in the municipality of São Joaquim da Barra, 30 km distant for the study area. The species was well adapted to their microhabitats, even with high ecological degradation, showing themselves to be opportunistic and tolerant to anthropic areas. Unexpectedly the pond started to dry, and it dried up totally in the second half of 2010. Then a new inventory was done in the study area for raining season in 2010, showing 6 species. The species were in 4 families (one for Hylidae, one for Leptodactylidae, one for Bufonidae, and three for Microhylidae), all showing explosive reproduction behavior in temporary pools formed by heavy rain. The study data stayed archived by twelve years. To conclude this work, the environmental conditions of the study area were analyzed in the year 2021. The pond region was substituted by a pasture for cattle confinement. We couldn’t observe even tadpoles in temporary puddles in periods of torrential rain. The soil is compacted with large gullies. Unfortunately, all species inventoried in 2009 and 2010 could not be found. In that way, this study highlights the worrying reality of environmental degradation involving agriculture and its relationship with anurofauna in Brazil.
现代两栖动物数量下降和灭绝的六个主要生态因素引起了人们对世界两栖动物数量减少的极大关注。森林砍伐和水库污染造成的生境丧失通常是巴西农业生产过程中的事件，也是这些因素的重要例子。此外，在巴西境内对两栖动物群落的了解还有很多空白。2009年，我们在圣保罗州伊图韦拉瓦市一个农业大豆种植园中央的一个池塘中对受影响的农村地区进行了无性动物调查。调查发现无尾动物4科15种。最丰富的科是Hylidae(6种)和Leptodactylidae(6种)，其中Leptodactylidae有1种属于Leiuperinae亚科。还发现了蟾蜍科(2种)和小蟾蜍科(1种)。两个已确定的物种可能是有趣的发现，因为迄今为止在圣保罗州登记的Pseudis bolbodactyla (Lutz, 1925)尚未被提及，而Rhinella mirandaribeiroi (Gallardo, 1965)最近在距离研究区域30公里远的圣保罗州 Joaquim da Barra市首次被描述。该物种对其微生境适应良好，即使在高度生态退化的情况下，也表现出对人类活动区域的机会性和耐受性。出乎意料的是，池塘开始干涸，并在2010年下半年完全干涸。然后在2010年雨季对研究区进行了新的调查，显示出6种。瓢虫分属4科(水螅科1科、细趾蟹科1科、蟾科1科、小水螅科3科)，在暴雨形成的临时水池中均表现出爆发性繁殖行为。研究数据保存了12年。为了完成这项工作，研究区在2021年的环境条件进行了分析。池塘地区被牧场所取代，用来圈养牲畜。在暴雨期间，我们甚至看不到临时水坑里的蝌蚪。土壤被巨大的沟壑压得密实。不幸的是，2009年和2010年的所有物种都没有被发现。通过这种方式，这项研究突出了巴西农业及其与无脊椎动物关系的环境退化的令人担忧的现实。
{"title":"Anurofauna in an Impacted Area in the Municipality of Ituverava in the São Paulo State of Brazil","authors":"Marcelo dos Santos Fernandes, Thiago Borges Da Silva, Michael Douglas Custodio Galindo","doi":"10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.13","url":null,"abstract":"There is great concern about the world amphibian populations reduction resulting from six major ecological factors cited as causes of modern amphibian declines and extinctions. Habitat loss resulting from deforestation and pollution of water reservoirs are usually events in agricultural production processes in Brazil and are important examples of these factors. In addition, there are many gaps in the knowledge of amphibian communities across the Brazilian territory. We carried out an anurofauna inventory for an impacted rural area, consisting of a pond located in the middle of an agricultural soybean plantation, in the municipality of Ituverava, State of São Paulo, in 2009. The inventory showed 15 species of anurans in 4 families. The most abundant families were Hylidae (six species) and Leptodactylidae (six species), one of them belonging to the subfamily Leiuperinae. The families Bufonidae (two species) and Microhylidae (one species) were also observed. Two species identified could be interesting finds, since the registration of Pseudis bolbodactyla (Lutz, 1925) in the São Paulo state until the present moment has no mentioned, and Rhinella mirandaribeiroi (Gallardo, 1965), was first described recently to São Paulo state in the municipality of São Joaquim da Barra, 30 km distant for the study area. The species was well adapted to their microhabitats, even with high ecological degradation, showing themselves to be opportunistic and tolerant to anthropic areas. Unexpectedly the pond started to dry, and it dried up totally in the second half of 2010. Then a new inventory was done in the study area for raining season in 2010, showing 6 species. The species were in 4 families (one for Hylidae, one for Leptodactylidae, one for Bufonidae, and three for Microhylidae), all showing explosive reproduction behavior in temporary pools formed by heavy rain. The study data stayed archived by twelve years. To conclude this work, the environmental conditions of the study area were analyzed in the year 2021. The pond region was substituted by a pasture for cattle confinement. We couldn’t observe even tadpoles in temporary puddles in periods of torrential rain. The soil is compacted with large gullies. Unfortunately, all species inventoried in 2009 and 2010 could not be found. In that way, this study highlights the worrying reality of environmental degradation involving agriculture and its relationship with anurofauna in Brazil.","PeriodicalId":7549,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Protection","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82365370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: With the new constitutional dispensation in Kenya, counties, cities and towns are creating and recreating their solid waste management systems. Taking Kisumu as a case, this study assesses the existing solid waste management system and how best to recreate it while giving special emphasis to its system configuration, governance framework and waste economy. Methods: Data was collected through group discussions, in depth interviews, document reviews, observations, and a city wide survey of solid waste generation and management. Results were analysed through content and critical analyses and descriptive statistics. Results and Conclusion: The existing configuration does not ensure service delivery to all while the governance framework is not up to the task at hand. Furthermore, the City’s waste economy fails to capture a number of waste resources but loses them to Kachok dumpsite as wastes. Recommendation: First, to better recreate the City’s solid waste management system, its configuration should be designed to ensure service delivery to all. Then its governance framework and waste economy be recreated to seamlessly and sustainably fit this configuration. Moreover, in order to increase the recovery of value from wastes, sorting at source and return funds should be engrained in the system. Additionally, the involvement of resident associations will help improve governance at the residential level. Finally, for all systems, processes, and facilities, performance standards, regular monitoring and evaluation mechanisms should be established and enforced.
{"title":"From a Waste Cemetery to a Waste Hospital: Recreating Kisumu City’s Waste Management System","authors":"F. Awuor, Michael O. Oloko, A. Onditi, S. Agong’","doi":"10.12691/ENV-8-3-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ENV-8-3-2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: With the new constitutional dispensation in Kenya, counties, cities and towns are creating and recreating their solid waste management systems. Taking Kisumu as a case, this study assesses the existing solid waste management system and how best to recreate it while giving special emphasis to its system configuration, governance framework and waste economy. Methods: Data was collected through group discussions, in depth interviews, document reviews, observations, and a city wide survey of solid waste generation and management. Results were analysed through content and critical analyses and descriptive statistics. Results and Conclusion: The existing configuration does not ensure service delivery to all while the governance framework is not up to the task at hand. Furthermore, the City’s waste economy fails to capture a number of waste resources but loses them to Kachok dumpsite as wastes. Recommendation: First, to better recreate the City’s solid waste management system, its configuration should be designed to ensure service delivery to all. Then its governance framework and waste economy be recreated to seamlessly and sustainably fit this configuration. Moreover, in order to increase the recovery of value from wastes, sorting at source and return funds should be engrained in the system. Additionally, the involvement of resident associations will help improve governance at the residential level. Finally, for all systems, processes, and facilities, performance standards, regular monitoring and evaluation mechanisms should be established and enforced.","PeriodicalId":7549,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Protection","volume":"120 1","pages":"78-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77868030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-16DOI: 10.11648/J.AJEP.20200906.11
Adugna Bayata
Heavy or toxic metals are metals which are harmful beyond the permissible level to human health and are heavier in density than water by more than five times. Living organisms require varying amounts of heavy metals. Heavy metals like copper, manganese, cobalt, iron, zinc and molybdenum are required by living organisms in a small amount. Soil is a crucial component of rural and urban environments, and in both places land management is the key to soil quality. This paper review was aimed to touch the accumulation, assessment and importance of some heavy metals in agricultural soils and to understand the present situation and the impact of heavy metal contamination of soils in the world, in this review, compare and analyze the contamination of various cities/countries, and explore background, impact and remediation methods of heavy metal contamination of soils. Their accumulation in crops and pollution to soil can decrease crop yield, quality and cause detrimental effect to human health through food chain. Heavy metals can enter to human through inhalation, ingestion, body contact and skin absorption. In recent years, with the development of the global economy, both type and content of heavy metals in the soil caused by human activities have gradually increased, resulting in the deterioration of the environment.
{"title":"Assessment, Accumulation, Toxicity and Importance of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soil and Living System - Review","authors":"Adugna Bayata","doi":"10.11648/J.AJEP.20200906.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJEP.20200906.11","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy or toxic metals are metals which are harmful beyond the permissible level to human health and are heavier in density than water by more than five times. Living organisms require varying amounts of heavy metals. Heavy metals like copper, manganese, cobalt, iron, zinc and molybdenum are required by living organisms in a small amount. Soil is a crucial component of rural and urban environments, and in both places land management is the key to soil quality. This paper review was aimed to touch the accumulation, assessment and importance of some heavy metals in agricultural soils and to understand the present situation and the impact of heavy metal contamination of soils in the world, in this review, compare and analyze the contamination of various cities/countries, and explore background, impact and remediation methods of heavy metal contamination of soils. Their accumulation in crops and pollution to soil can decrease crop yield, quality and cause detrimental effect to human health through food chain. Heavy metals can enter to human through inhalation, ingestion, body contact and skin absorption. In recent years, with the development of the global economy, both type and content of heavy metals in the soil caused by human activities have gradually increased, resulting in the deterioration of the environment.","PeriodicalId":7549,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Protection","volume":"2318 1","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86567666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-30DOI: 10.11648/j.ajep.20200905.12
Sirna Gadisa, Leta Hailu
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of physical soil and water conservation (SWC) structures and slope gradients on soil properties and to identify factors affecting farmer’s adoption of the SWC practices. Cropland treated with level soil bund, fanya juu, and adjacent cropland without conservation structures were considered along the three slope gradients. A total of 27 soil samples were collected from the top 20 cm soil depth in ‘X’ design square plot with a length of 10m x 10m and replicated three times. A total of 120 households (HH) were randomly selected among which 48.3% were adopters and 51.7% were non-adopters of SWC structures. The collected soil samples were analyzed following standard laboratory procedures and a total of 10 variables were fitted in the logistic regression model. The result of the analysis revealed that sand fraction (%), SOC (%), TN (%), CEC (meq/100gm), and pH (H2O) were showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences between cropland treated with conservation structures and control plots; however, available P (ppm) did not show significant (P ≤ 0.05) variation. With regard to slope gradient, soil textural fractions sand (%), Silt (%) and Clay (%), and CEC (meq/100gm) were showed significant difference (P ≤ 0.05). While BD (g cm-3), SMC (%), SOC (%), TN (%), and available P (ppm) did not significantly differ along the slope. The result of the model also showed that the explanatory variables; age, education level, family size, landholding, farm experience, availability of labor shortage, and extension service were significantly affected the adoption of SWC practices by the farmers. On the other hand; sex, marital status, and livestock holding were not significantly affected farmers’ adoption of SWC practice. Therefore, scaling up of the soil bund for the area is necessary and building capacity, providing training and experience-sharing through field days for farmers is essential. Moreover, further investigation is encouraged on the integrated effect of physical and biological SWC practice and its socioeconomic aspects for a better understanding of the effect of sustainable use of the land.
{"title":"Effect of Level Soil Bund and Fayna Juu on Soil Physico-chemical Properties, and Farmers Adoption Towards the Practice at Dale Wabera District, Western Ethiopia","authors":"Sirna Gadisa, Leta Hailu","doi":"10.11648/j.ajep.20200905.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20200905.12","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of physical soil and water conservation (SWC) structures and slope gradients on soil properties and to identify factors affecting farmer’s adoption of the SWC practices. Cropland treated with level soil bund, fanya juu, and adjacent cropland without conservation structures were considered along the three slope gradients. A total of 27 soil samples were collected from the top 20 cm soil depth in ‘X’ design square plot with a length of 10m x 10m and replicated three times. A total of 120 households (HH) were randomly selected among which 48.3% were adopters and 51.7% were non-adopters of SWC structures. The collected soil samples were analyzed following standard laboratory procedures and a total of 10 variables were fitted in the logistic regression model. The result of the analysis revealed that sand fraction (%), SOC (%), TN (%), CEC (meq/100gm), and pH (H2O) were showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences between cropland treated with conservation structures and control plots; however, available P (ppm) did not show significant (P ≤ 0.05) variation. With regard to slope gradient, soil textural fractions sand (%), Silt (%) and Clay (%), and CEC (meq/100gm) were showed significant difference (P ≤ 0.05). While BD (g cm-3), SMC (%), SOC (%), TN (%), and available P (ppm) did not significantly differ along the slope. The result of the model also showed that the explanatory variables; age, education level, family size, landholding, farm experience, availability of labor shortage, and extension service were significantly affected the adoption of SWC practices by the farmers. On the other hand; sex, marital status, and livestock holding were not significantly affected farmers’ adoption of SWC practice. Therefore, scaling up of the soil bund for the area is necessary and building capacity, providing training and experience-sharing through field days for farmers is essential. Moreover, further investigation is encouraged on the integrated effect of physical and biological SWC practice and its socioeconomic aspects for a better understanding of the effect of sustainable use of the land.","PeriodicalId":7549,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81951831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-15DOI: 10.11648/J.AJEP.20200905.11
A. Addinsyah, I. Warmadewanthi
Waste banks has been long being a part of waste management in Surabaya. Waste banks also plays a role in implementing the circular economy concept by collecting and reselling waste from household. The waste that has been collected from the waste banks were sold to the Main Waste Bank and small scrap dealers. This study aims to identify the material flows of plastic wastes and paper wastes from the waste bank to the recycling industry. The methods used for data collection includes survey and interview to the management of waste banks, management of the main waste bank, waste collectors, and management of the industries involved. The identification of material flows of plastic wastes and paper wastes from the waste banks to the recycling industries was done using the material flow analysis method. The material flow of the waste bank in the Central Surabaya region shown that the generation of waste generated at the waste bank was 34,815.1 kg per year. The waste was distributed to the main waste bank and waste collectors before finally being sold to the recycling industry and out of the system as plastic products at 13,041.45 kg per year and paper products at 20,311.14 kg per year.
{"title":"Material Flow Analysis of Plastic Waste and Paper Waste from Waste Banks in Surabaya","authors":"A. Addinsyah, I. Warmadewanthi","doi":"10.11648/J.AJEP.20200905.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJEP.20200905.11","url":null,"abstract":"Waste banks has been long being a part of waste management in Surabaya. Waste banks also plays a role in implementing the circular economy concept by collecting and reselling waste from household. The waste that has been collected from the waste banks were sold to the Main Waste Bank and small scrap dealers. This study aims to identify the material flows of plastic wastes and paper wastes from the waste bank to the recycling industry. The methods used for data collection includes survey and interview to the management of waste banks, management of the main waste bank, waste collectors, and management of the industries involved. The identification of material flows of plastic wastes and paper wastes from the waste banks to the recycling industries was done using the material flow analysis method. The material flow of the waste bank in the Central Surabaya region shown that the generation of waste generated at the waste bank was 34,815.1 kg per year. The waste was distributed to the main waste bank and waste collectors before finally being sold to the recycling industry and out of the system as plastic products at 13,041.45 kg per year and paper products at 20,311.14 kg per year.","PeriodicalId":7549,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Protection","volume":"9 4 1","pages":"102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75332414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Thiam, Pape Sanou Faye, S. Sarr, Dieyni Sy Diallo
In October 2003, the city of Saint-Louis, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was to be swallowed by the rising waters of the Senegal River. That is why, the public authorities and the communal authorities wanting to find an immediate solution to save the city and human lives, took the decision to create a channel of load shedding on the Barbary language called breach. This urgent political decision seems to have profoundly modified the hydrological behavior of the Senegal River in Saint-Louis. The breach opened in Saint-Louis to counter the flood phenomenon, has since the night of October 3 to 4, 2003, the date of its opening, caused many environmental problems resulting from profound changes in the biophysical characteristics of the area (floods, loss of biodiversity). However, many specialists are still thinking about the issue but still do not find sustainable solutions to restore the balance. The aim of this study is to propose technics for stabilizing the area with two specific objectives such as understanding its evolution and evaluating the threats to the neighbouring villages. This study on the evolution of the breach from 2003 to 2013 is based is conducted by analysis of samples taken from the Langue de Barbarie and the breach to determine their type. The main results show that the soil is sandy, which has made it possible to propose structural and non-structural stabilization methods. The compilation of the different results shows two types of stabilization (structural methods and non-structural methods). The two methods constitute for each of them, a durable alternative solution for the stabilization of the breach in order to limit the environmental damages. Meanwhile, it would be important to monitor the structure by annual analyzes of the structure.
{"title":"Flood Management in Saint-louis City of Senegal by Stabilizing the Breach","authors":"A. Thiam, Pape Sanou Faye, S. Sarr, Dieyni Sy Diallo","doi":"10.12691/ENV-8-3-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ENV-8-3-1","url":null,"abstract":"In October 2003, the city of Saint-Louis, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was to be swallowed by the rising waters of the Senegal River. That is why, the public authorities and the communal authorities wanting to find an immediate solution to save the city and human lives, took the decision to create a channel of load shedding on the Barbary language called breach. This urgent political decision seems to have profoundly modified the hydrological behavior of the Senegal River in Saint-Louis. The breach opened in Saint-Louis to counter the flood phenomenon, has since the night of October 3 to 4, 2003, the date of its opening, caused many environmental problems resulting from profound changes in the biophysical characteristics of the area (floods, loss of biodiversity). However, many specialists are still thinking about the issue but still do not find sustainable solutions to restore the balance. The aim of this study is to propose technics for stabilizing the area with two specific objectives such as understanding its evolution and evaluating the threats to the neighbouring villages. This study on the evolution of the breach from 2003 to 2013 is based is conducted by analysis of samples taken from the Langue de Barbarie and the breach to determine their type. The main results show that the soil is sandy, which has made it possible to propose structural and non-structural stabilization methods. The compilation of the different results shows two types of stabilization (structural methods and non-structural methods). The two methods constitute for each of them, a durable alternative solution for the stabilization of the breach in order to limit the environmental damages. Meanwhile, it would be important to monitor the structure by annual analyzes of the structure.","PeriodicalId":7549,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Protection","volume":"66 1","pages":"70-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77435564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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