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Teenage pregnancy in South Africa: Do poverty and inequality play significant roles? 南非的少女怀孕:贫穷和不平等是否起着重要作用?
IF 1 4区 医学 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.29063/ajrh2025/v29i12.7
Shan Liang, Han Cheng, Yong Liu

This study examined the nexus between poverty, inequality, and teenage pregnancy in South Africa from 2017 to 2023. This study used socioeconomic indicators from the World Bank and United Nations Human Development Index (HDI) to determine the prevalence of teenage pregnancy in South Africa. The results showed that human development index has a clear inverse relationship with adolescent fertility underscoring the importance of education and healthcare in reducing teenage pregnancy in the country. Similarly, Gross National Income, GNI per capita demonstrated an inverse relationship with teenage pregnancy. This is an indication that high poverty level fuels a rise in the incidence of the teenage pregnancy in South Africa. However, the Gini coefficient reflects a mixed relationship which suggests a complex association between income inequality and adolescent fertility rate. Though the study points towards a positive association in some context, the specific trends suggest that teenage pregnancy in South Africa might be influenced by multiple factors beyond income inequality. Therefore, we recommend that South African policymakers should prioritize investment in human capital development in order to reduce the incidence of teenage pregnancy.

这项研究调查了2017年至2023年南非贫困、不平等和少女怀孕之间的关系。本研究使用世界银行和联合国人类发展指数(HDI)的社会经济指标来确定南非少女怀孕的流行程度。结果表明,人类发展指数与青少年生育率呈明显的负相关关系,强调了教育和保健在减少该国少女怀孕方面的重要性。同样,国民总收入、人均国民总收入与少女怀孕呈反比关系。这表明,南非的高贫困水平助长了少女怀孕率的上升。然而,基尼系数反映了一种混合关系,这表明收入不平等与青少年生育率之间存在复杂的联系。虽然该研究指出在某些情况下存在积极的联系,但具体趋势表明,南非的少女怀孕可能受到收入不平等以外的多种因素的影响。因此,我们建议南非决策者应优先投资于人力资本开发,以减少少女怀孕的发生率。
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引用次数: 0
Qualitative research on elderly people's perception of sexuality and sexual lives. 老年人性知觉与性生活的质性研究。
IF 1 4区 医学 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.29063/ajrh2025/v29i11.7
Nevra K Bıçakçı, Binali Çatak, Birsen Altay, Ayşe Çalmaz, Güven Soner

This qualitative study aimed to explore elderly individuals' perceptions of sexuality and their sexual lives. The study sample consisted of 15 women aged 65 years and above, who were married and voluntarily participated in the research. Using a phenomenological design, data were collected through face-to-face, in-depth interviews with semi-structured questions and analyzed via NVivo software. Five main themes emerged: Perception of sexuality, old age and sexuality, society and elderly sexuality, problems related to sexuality, message to past self. Participants described sexuality as a vital aspect of human health. Despite this recognition, they reported limitations in expressing their sexuality due to social taboos associated with aging. Many expressed regret and emotional distress over missed opportunities for sexual fulfillment caused by societal pressures. The findings highlight the tension between personal needs and cultural expectations regarding sexuality in later life. This study emphasizes the importance of acknowledging and supporting the sexual health of older adults as part of holistic well-being.

本定性研究旨在探讨老年人的性观念和他们的性生活。研究样本包括15名年龄在65岁及以上的已婚女性,她们自愿参加了这项研究。采用现象学设计,通过面对面、深度访谈和半结构化问题收集数据,并通过NVivo软件进行分析。五个主题出现了:对性的感知,老年和性,社会和老年性,与性有关的问题,对过去自我的信息。与会者将性描述为人类健康的一个重要方面。尽管认识到了这一点,但由于与衰老有关的社会禁忌,他们在表达自己的性取向方面受到了限制。许多人对由于社会压力而错过了性满足的机会表示遗憾和情绪困扰。研究结果强调了个人需求和文化对晚年性生活的期望之间的紧张关系。这项研究强调了承认和支持老年人性健康作为整体健康的一部分的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Managing financial risk in healthcare: Medical cost anxiety, financial innovation, and income mobility in China. 医疗保健财务风险管理:中国医疗成本焦虑、金融创新和收入流动性。
IF 1 4区 医学 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.29063/ajrh2025/v29i11.17
Xindan Zhang, Musa Abdu, Romanus Osabohien, Mihajlo Jakovljevic

As healthcare expenses continue to rise without social security, many households in developing countries, are grappling with financial strain and uncertainty, leading to a growing concern known as medical cost anxiety. The level of financial innovation among individuals plays a critical role in how they navigate and manage healthcare costs. Understanding financial concepts, making informed decisions, and effectively planning for medical expenses can significantly impact an individual's ability to cope with medical cost anxiety. This study examines the relationship between medical cost anxiety, financial innovation, and household income mobility in China. Using the 2021 survey data obtained from Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) for China, we employed the Ordered Probit Regression and Linear Probability regression models to analyse the impact of medical cost anxiety and financial innovation on household income mobility. The results show that individuals who experience greater medical cost anxiety are 20% more inclined to move from the middle 20% income quintile to the fourth 20% income quintile than those with lower levels of medical cost anxiety in the same income quintile. This indicates that medical cost anxiety drives middle-income individuals to strive for a higher income group more strongly than it motivates low-income individuals to move to a middle-income group. Overall, medical cost anxieties have negative effects on the probability of individuals to move from lower income quintiles to higher ones. These findings highlight the importance of addressing healthcare affordability and promoting financial inclusion to enhance household income mobility in China.

由于医疗费用在没有社会保障的情况下持续上涨,发展中国家的许多家庭都在努力应对财务紧张和不确定性,导致人们越来越担心医疗成本焦虑。个人之间的金融创新水平在他们如何导航和管理医疗成本方面发挥着关键作用。理解财务概念,做出明智的决定,有效地规划医疗费用可以显著影响个人应对医疗费用焦虑的能力。本研究考察了中国医疗成本焦虑、金融创新和家庭收入流动性之间的关系。利用全球普惠金融指数(Global Findex)对中国2021年的调查数据,我们采用有序Probit回归和线性概率回归模型,分析医疗成本焦虑和金融创新对家庭收入流动性的影响。结果表明,经历过医疗成本焦虑的个体比同等收入中医疗成本焦虑程度较低的个体,从20%收入的中间五分之一向第四20%收入五分之一移动的可能性要高20%。这表明,医疗费用焦虑对中等收入个体向高收入群体迈进的驱动作用强于对低收入个体向中等收入群体迈进的驱动作用。总体而言,医疗费用焦虑对个人从低收入人群转向高收入人群的可能性有负面影响。这些发现强调了解决医疗负担能力问题和促进普惠金融对提高中国家庭收入流动性的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of bundle nursing intervention on jaundice index and development in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. 束式护理干预对高胆红素血症新生儿黄疸指数及发展的影响。
IF 1 4区 医学 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.29063/ajrh2025/v29i11.5
Nana Tian

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NHB) management often suffers from fragmented conventional nursing approaches, which may compromise treatment efficacy and delay intervention. This prospective randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of a novel bundle nursing intervention on jaundice index and developmental outcomes in 100 NHB neonates. Participants were randomized to a research group (n=50, bundle nursing) or a control group (n=50, standard care). The research group exhibited significantly accelerated meconium passage and jaundice resolution compared to the control group. Additionally, milk intake improved in the research group compared with the control group, with significantly greater improvements in body weight (3592.92±231.29 g) and body length (46.28±3.94 cm) after the intervention. Dynamic monitoring of serum total bilirubin (TBIL) revealed lower levels in the research group on treatment days 3, 5, and 7, with no cases of severe hyperbilirubinemia. These findings suggest that bundle nursing intervention effectively mitigates hyperbilirubinemia through comprehensive care strategies, promotes neonatal growth.

新生儿高胆红素血症(NHB)的管理往往受到分散的传统护理方法的影响,这可能会损害治疗效果并延迟干预。本前瞻性随机对照试验评估了一种新型捆绑护理干预对100名新生儿黄疸指数和发育结局的影响。参与者被随机分为研究组(n=50,捆绑护理)或对照组(n=50,标准护理)。与对照组相比,研究组表现出明显加速的胎便通过和黄疸消退。与对照组相比,研究组的牛奶摄入量有所改善,干预后体重(3592.92±231.29 g)和体长(46.28±3.94 cm)的改善幅度明显大于对照组。动态监测血清总胆红素(TBIL)显示研究组在治疗第3,5和7天的水平较低,没有严重的高胆红素血症病例。这些发现表明,捆绑护理干预通过综合护理策略有效减轻高胆红素血症,促进新生儿生长。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of high temperatures on spontaneous abortion: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 高温对自然流产的影响:系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 1 4区 医学 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.29063/ajrh2025/v29i11.21
Muayad Albadrani, Shyamkumar Sriram

Spontaneous abortion occurs in approximately one in five pregnancies and may be influenced by environmental factors, particularly heat exposure. This study reviewed and synthesized research on the relationship between high temperatures and spontaneous abortion. A systematic literature search identified eight studies from various regions. Data were extracted and analyzed using standardized methods, with quality assessed through Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Meta-analysis showed a pooled spontaneous abortion rate of 13.1%, with higher temperatures consistently linked to increased pregnancy loss. Seasonal variations, regional differences, and socioeconomic factors also influenced the findings. Vulnerable groups, including African Americans and those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, were disproportionately affected. These findings highlight the potential impact of climate change on early pregnancy outcomes, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to protect at-risk populations.

自然流产发生在大约五分之一的怀孕中,可能受到环境因素,特别是热暴露的影响。本文综述了高温与自然流产关系的研究进展。系统的文献检索确定了来自不同地区的8项研究。数据提取和分析采用标准化的方法,并通过乔安娜布里格斯研究所的工具进行质量评估。荟萃分析显示,自然流产率为13.1%,温度升高与流产率增加有关。季节变化、地区差异和社会经济因素也影响了研究结果。弱势群体,包括非洲裔美国人和社会经济背景较低的人,受到的影响尤为严重。这些发现强调了气候变化对早期妊娠结果的潜在影响,强调了有针对性的干预措施以保护高危人群的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Determinants of suicide among female population in South Africa: A comparative analysis of socio-economic factors. 南非女性自杀的决定因素:社会经济因素的比较分析。
IF 1 4区 医学 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.29063/ajrh2025/v29i11.13
Xiaoru Zhan

This study conducted a comparative analysis of socio-economic determinants of suicide among the South African women using longitudinal data from 1995 to 2020 with five-year intervals. It examined the relationship between female suicide rates and significant economic determinants (per capita income and employment rate) and social determinants (gender inequality and education level in women). Graphical analysis was employed to identify trends and patterns throughout the years. The results showed non-linear and inconsistent patterns, with none of the variables having a direct or consistent effect on female suicide rates. Although some were observed-such as between declining employment and rising suicide-other variables like income and education did not show clear patterns. Based on these findings, the study recommended the implementation of gender-sensitive mental health policies, greater access to mental health care-particularly in poor communities-and the development of employment and education policies that promote women's overall well-being. A multi-sectoral, integrated strategy was deemed necessary to address the complex and interrelated determinants of female suicide in South Africa effectively.

本研究利用1995年至2020年每隔五年的纵向数据,对南非妇女自杀的社会经济决定因素进行了比较分析。它研究了女性自杀率与重要的经济决定因素(人均收入和就业率)和社会决定因素(性别不平等和妇女的教育水平)之间的关系。采用图形分析来确定多年来的趋势和模式。结果显示出非线性和不一致的模式,没有一个变量对女性自杀率有直接或一致的影响。虽然一些变量被观察到,比如就业率下降和自杀率上升之间的关系,但其他变量,比如收入和教育程度,并没有显示出明确的模式。基于这些发现,该研究建议实施对性别问题敏感的心理健康政策,增加获得心理健康护理的机会——特别是在贫困社区——并制定促进妇女整体福祉的就业和教育政策。与会者认为有必要制定一项多部门综合战略,以有效解决南非妇女自杀的复杂和相互关联的决定因素。
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引用次数: 0
Attitudes of 45-55-year-old women in Istanbul, Türkiye, toward menopause and the symptoms of menopause: A cross-sectional study. 土耳其伊斯坦布尔45-55岁妇女对更年期和更年期症状的态度:一项横断面研究
IF 1 4区 医学 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.29063/ajrh2025/v29i11.2
Firdevs Tek Gökçer, Nuriye Pekcan

This study aimed to examine women's attitudes toward menopause and the symptoms of menopause. The data were collected between May-June 2022 using the introductory information form, Attitudes Related to Menopause Scale (min:0, max:80), and Menopausal Symptoms Rating Scale (min:0, max:44). The total average score of Menopausal Symptoms Rating Scale was 22.2±9.9; the average of urogenital complaints was 5.1±3.2; somatic complaints was 3.55±2.14; and psychological complaints was 13.5±6.1. The average scale score of Attitudes Related to Menopause Scale was 43.6±16.1. There was a negative, weak, and significant relation between Attitudes Related to Menopause Scale and somatic, psychological, and urogenital complaints. There was a significant difference between the average score of attitudes related to menopause and women's total score on assessing the menopausal symptoms scale, women's age, education level, income status, employment status, number of pregnancies and births, and chronic disease status. We concluded that women experience all menopausal symptoms at near moderate levels and have positive attitudes toward menopause.

本研究旨在探讨女性对更年期及更年期症状的态度。数据收集于2022年5月至6月,使用介绍性信息表,与更年期相关的态度量表(最小值:0,最大值:80)和更年期症状评定量表(最小值:0,最大值:44)。绝经期症状评定量表总平均得分为22.2±9.9分;泌尿生殖疾患的平均值为5.1±3.2;躯体主诉为3.55±2.14;心理疾患为13.5±6.1。绝经相关态度量表平均得分为43.6±16.1分。与更年期量表相关的态度与躯体、心理和泌尿生殖疾病之间存在负相关、弱相关和显著相关。在更年期症状量表、年龄、受教育程度、收入状况、就业状况、生育次数、慢性疾病状况等方面,绝经态度的平均分与总分存在显著性差异。我们的结论是,女性经历的所有更年期症状都接近中等水平,并且对更年期持积极态度。
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引用次数: 0
Sexual attitudes and body dissatisfaction among Chinese women with disabilities: The mediating role of body esteem and sexual esteem. 中国残疾女性的性态度与身体不满意:身体尊重和性尊重的中介作用。
IF 1 4区 医学 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.29063/ajrh2025/v29i11.3
Xinyuan Zhang, Wanbing Shi

Body dissatisfaction is prevalent among women with disabilities and exerts impacts on reproductive health, with sexual attitudes considered a influential factor. Based on social comparison theory and self-objectification theory, a survey was conducted with a valid sample of 406 adult women with disabilities in China. Data were collected using the BSAS, NPSS, PDSBE. A parallel mediation model of body esteem and sexual esteem between sexual attitudes and body dissatisfaction was constructed. Path relationships were tested and the results indicated that: (1) sexual attitudes exhibit a significant negative impact on body dissatisfaction. (2) body esteem and sexual esteem play parallel mediating roles between sexual attitudes and body dissatisfaction. (3) the mediating effect of body esteem is greater than that of sexual esteem. It is recommended that sexual attitudes, body dissatisfaction, sexual esteem and body esteem should be taken into consideration when intervening in reproductive health of women with disabilities.

对身体不满在残疾妇女中普遍存在,并对生殖健康产生影响,性态度被认为是一个影响因素。基于社会比较理论和自我物化理论,对406名成年残疾女性进行了有效抽样调查。采用BSAS、NPSS、PDSBE进行数据采集。构建了身体尊重和性尊重在性态度和身体不满意之间的平行中介模型。结果表明:(1)性态度对身体不满意有显著的负向影响。(2)身体尊重和性尊重在性态度与身体不满意之间起平行中介作用。(3)身体自尊的中介作用大于性自尊的中介作用。建议在干预残疾妇女的生殖健康时,应考虑到性态度、对身体的不满、性尊重和对身体的尊重。
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引用次数: 0
A case report of giant smooth endoplasmic reticulum clusters in oocytes, post-ICSI: Successful outcome leading to live birth. 卵母细胞内巨大光滑内质网团簇一例报告:成功的结果导致活产。
IF 1 4区 医学 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.29063/ajrh2025/v29i11.22
Yuhua Zhang, Kunkun Liu, Dan Wang, Pingping Sun, Jinguang Wang, Wenjie Zhao

This particular case study examines the association between oocyte morphology and assisted reproductive technology (ART), particularly, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum clusters (sERCs). It describes an extraordinary case in which 80% of the mature oocytes had giant sERCs, which raised concerns about the oocyte quality and the resultant embryonic development and clinical prognosis It concerned a patient who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Two embryos, derived from oocytes with sERCs, were transferred on day 3 following ICSI and sERCs became the focus. The results covered the entire continuum of fertilization, embryonic maturation, and clinical outcomes, the endpoint of which was a successful live birth. Such results demonstrate the complex background between the oocyte dysmorphia and reproductive performance, still, in ART, it is possible that considerable dysmorphia is not necessarily a negative prognostic factor. Further studies are needed to address the oocyte dysmorphia and ART's changes.

这个特殊的案例研究探讨了卵母细胞形态与辅助生殖技术(ART)之间的关系,特别是平滑内质网簇(sERCs)。它描述了一个特殊的病例,其中80%的成熟卵母细胞具有巨大的sERCs,这引起了对卵母细胞质量和由此产生的胚胎发育和临床预后的关注。在ICSI后第3天移植2个带有sERCs的卵母细胞胚胎,sERCs成为焦点。结果涵盖了整个连续的受精,胚胎成熟和临床结果,其终点是成功的活产。这些结果证明了卵母细胞畸形与生殖性能之间的复杂背景,然而,在抗逆转录病毒治疗中,相当大的畸形可能并不一定是一个负面的预后因素。需要进一步的研究来解决卵母细胞畸形和ART的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Women's perceptions of sexological interview during gynaecological consultations: A cross-sectional study. 妇科会诊期间女性对性学访谈的认知:一项横断面研究。
IF 1 4区 医学 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.29063/ajrh2025/v29i11.10
Khaoula Magdoud, Sana Menjli, Najla Arifi, Feriel Slama, Imen Labidi, Bilel Arfaoui, Rim B Hmid

Sexological interviews in gynecological consultations remain a practice that is not routinely undertaken despite the importance of sexual health. The objectives of this study were to investigate patients' expectations from a sexological interview, and the elicitation of sexual dysfunctions. A cross-sectional study was performed at the Maternity and Neonatology Center of Tunis. We included patients aged >18 years who consulted for gynecological reasons outside of any emergency or pregnancy. Our study included 200 patients with a mean age of 41 (±10) years. We found that72.5% of the patients appreciated the approach to sexuality during gynecological consultations. A total of 77.5% of the women indicated that their current gynecological pathology affected their sexuality. The mean of female sexual function index score was 25.05 (±5.03). The most affected domain was desire, with a mean of 3.54 (±1.05). The main predictive factors for sexual dysfunction were: age > 40 years, endometriosis, gynecological cancer, and abnormal uterine bleeding. Thus, it's important to introduce sexological interviews in gynecology consultations, especially for patients at risk of sexual dysfunction.

尽管性健康很重要,但妇科会诊中的性学访谈仍然是一种不经常进行的做法。本研究的目的是调查患者对性学访谈的期望,以及对性功能障碍的启发。横断面研究在突尼斯妇幼中心进行。我们纳入了年龄在bb0 - 18岁之间,除急诊或妊娠外因妇科原因就诊的患者。本研究纳入200例患者,平均年龄41(±10)岁。我们发现72.5%的患者在妇科会诊时对性问题的处理方式表示赞赏。共有77.5%的妇女表示,她们目前的妇科病理影响了她们的性行为。女性性功能指数评分平均值为25.05(±5.03)分。受影响最大的领域是欲望,平均为3.54(±1.05)。性功能障碍的主要预测因素为:年龄0 ~ 40岁、子宫内膜异位症、妇科肿瘤、子宫异常出血。因此,在妇科会诊中引入性学访谈是很重要的,特别是对有性功能障碍风险的患者。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
African journal of reproductive health
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