For 20 years we have treated 219 patients from orbit trauma. According to the nature of injuries we had 57 cases with orbit fracture, 118 with the injury of intraorbital sof tissues, 37 with strange body in the orbit, and 7 cases in which orbital fistula had developed. Orbital fractures were most frequently caused by traffic accidents, until mutaual scuffles were the most frequent cause of injuries of the soft tissues of the orbit. As far as the localization of fractures is concerned, the worst disorder of sight and deformities in the orbital area were discovered in the lesion of the orbital roof and in multiple fractures of the orbital region.
The argon laser is such an effective method of treating diabetic retinopathy that it is used in the early stages. The indications for treatment are related either to ophthalmoscopically visible lesion, or to lesions revealed by angiography, which is necessary each year in all diabetics. As for as technique goes, it is desirable to begin pan-retinal photocoagulation in the periphery so as to take advantage of the drying out of the related oedema secondary to the destruction of the retina.
A report on two cases of long-term recurrence of mixed tumours of the lacrimal glands. The authors assess the problem of the protracted evolution of these tumours and their possible degeneration, and attempt to distinguish the degeneration which follows multiple recurrences of co-existing mixed carcinomatous tumours. They insist on the necessity in these cases of an initial wide neurosurgical exposure of the orbit, so as to perform the widest excision possible.
The authors describe a case of primary corneal degeneration which is of calcareal nature and has annular shape. The patient has had a follow-up period of 15-16 years. A clinical study has been done and we have established a similitude with Axenfeld's primary calcareal degeneration, which was described by this author in 1917. Other corneal degenerations are also commented, which may induce into diagnostic error.
The electron microscopic characteristics of the trachomatous conjunctiva and the trachoma agents and their evolution cycle are examined in a study on seven patients with Stage II trachoma, as classified by MacCallan, who had received no treatment. All the cellular epithelial structures remain intact despite the presence of pathological agents whose developmental cycle is entirely comparable to that observed "in vitro" in strain cultures. An imortant fact is the demonstration of macrophages in the sub-epithelial layers and of free pathological agents in the tarsal zone. The necrosis of the former may be responsible for the presence of the latter. A new hypothesis on the dynamics of trachoma infection is proposed together with its consequences in relationship to the forms of trachoma therapy.
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