Archives d'ophtalmologie et revue generale d'ophtalmologie最新文献

Macular vitelliform degeneration is an hereditary affection, with autosomal dominan transmission. It is probably congenital. Three phases in the evolution of lesions: I The "fried eggs" aspect. II Various ophthalmologic aspects: mixed egg, pseudo-hypopion, retractile form. During these first two phases, the yellowish vitelline substance only may extend in macular region, especially downards. III The atrophic phase. Visula acuity remains strangely good, especially during the first two phases. Nevertheless, the visual function study, especially colour vision and profile perimetry, elecites a precocious suffereance of macular cones, associated to fluorographic alteration of pigmentary epithelium in phases II and III. Actually, these lesions are mostly situated in perifoveolar area, respecting the foveola, which explains conservation of good vision. The electro-oculogram is deeply modified in most cases. The pathogenesis of this affection remains unexplained, but the evolution of lesions both in pigmentary epithelium and neuro-epithelium enables to think that vitellin substance lays between these two layers.

The authors have made a statistical study of the influence of surgical technique on the anatomical (astigmatism) and functional results in cataract surgery. They have taken into consideration whether the incision is made under a conjunctival flap or not, with a keratome or Gillette blade, with a sector or peripheral iridectomy. Their conclusions are that when performed by the same surgeon the different surgical techniques do not give rise to significant variations in astigmatism or in the eventual functional result.

This work consists of a histological study of cryopreserved corneal endothelium before and after perfusion, and of measurements of the corneal thickness during perfusion. 1) Histoligical study: a) After 7 hours of perfusion, the endothelium of fresh corneas is unchanged. b) The preserving solutions used for freezing do not modify the histological structure of the endothelium. c) All the freezing and thawing processes described in this paper substantially alter the histological structure of the endothelium. Latent alterations are revealed during perfusion. 2) Pachymetric study: a) In the experimental conditions described, the fresh corneas keep their normal thickness for 7 hours of perfusion. b) The preserving solutions do not modify this property. c) After freezing and thawing the thickness of the perfused cornea increases rapidly. The thickness of the perfused cornea appears more slowly under the following conditions: 33 to 66 p. 100 of serum in the preserving solution, volume less than 1 ml; eutectic point between - 4 and - 6 degrees C; the duration of the plateau less than 4 min. speed of freezing after the plateau about 5 degrees C/min.

Two typical cases of the Kearns and Shy syndrome are reported. Some of the authors have previously published observations on simple ocular myopathy and oculo-pharyngeal dystrophy associated with abnormalities of the mitochrondria in skeletal muscle cells. This disease, which is still called "ophthalmoplegia plus", combines a progressive external ophthalmoplegia, muscular defects and varied neurological signs with other symptoms particularly retinal, endocrine and cardiac. Histo-enzymological and ultra-structural studied of a fragment of skeletal muscle confirm the presence of mitochondrial anomalies.

The "Urbach-Wiethe syndrom" is an hereditary disease which start during early childhood, distinguishable by a lipoglycoproteinosis which affects the skin, mucosae and also the eyes, with cyst formations in the lid's marginal, drusen of Bruch's membrane. Corneal opacities, and glaucoma seen to be rarer.

Study of corneal endothelium by scanning and transmission electron microscopy in two cases of corneal disease. In one case of herpetic keratitis with stromal oedema, there is no cellular reaction. The endothelium is damaged with cellular necrosis and nucleus irregularity. Intercellular junctions are abnormal. With TEM it is possible to say that there are two layers of cells on some places with cellular necrosis. In one case of corneal dryness with lesions of corneal anaesthesia the cells are very damaged and a retrocorneal membrane if formed by many layers of cells. The intercellular junctions are almost normal.

52 normal subjects were studied as control for our "Ganzfeld" method of E.R.G. Separately 132 patients with different retinopathies; inflammatory and degenerative (or dystrophic) were studied and results compared and discussed. It seems that the amplitude is involved - diminished - in some retinopathies, but implicit time only when widespead alteration of neuro-epithelim accured.