Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.11648/J.BS.20210703.16
Changhe Cheng, Lan Liu, Xiaolong Liu, Zhang Yanyan, Lai Yu
Influenza B is one of the main pathogens of human infection, especially among children and adolescents. The incidence rate and mortality rate are higher after infection. Vaccines and drugs are the most effective means to prevent and treat influenza virus. However, due to the characteristics of easy mutation of influenza virus, there are many drug-resistant strains in clinical using. In this study, we analyzed the molecular characterization of neuraminidase (NA) genes and NA drug resistance of influenza B virus in Shangrao during 2019 years. The specimens of nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from influenza cases of monitor hospitals, and then the collection of 10 strains of influenza B virus were randomly selected for detection by MDCK, positive strains were identified by hemagglutination test (HA) and hemagglutination inhibition test (HI). And virus RNA were extracted with QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit. Fragments of NA genes were amplified by one-step RT-PCR and then were sequenced. The data obtained were analyzed with the software DNAStar 6.0 and Mage 5.0. We observed that the nucleotides of NA gene of 10 strains had no mutation in catalytic residues and framework residues of NA gene. And strongly suggest that all viruses were sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors, however continuous resistance surveillance is necessary for control and prevention influenza.
{"title":"Analyzed the Resistance of Influenza B Virus in Shangrao","authors":"Changhe Cheng, Lan Liu, Xiaolong Liu, Zhang Yanyan, Lai Yu","doi":"10.11648/J.BS.20210703.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BS.20210703.16","url":null,"abstract":"Influenza B is one of the main pathogens of human infection, especially among children and adolescents. The incidence rate and mortality rate are higher after infection. Vaccines and drugs are the most effective means to prevent and treat influenza virus. However, due to the characteristics of easy mutation of influenza virus, there are many drug-resistant strains in clinical using. In this study, we analyzed the molecular characterization of neuraminidase (NA) genes and NA drug resistance of influenza B virus in Shangrao during 2019 years. The specimens of nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from influenza cases of monitor hospitals, and then the collection of 10 strains of influenza B virus were randomly selected for detection by MDCK, positive strains were identified by hemagglutination test (HA) and hemagglutination inhibition test (HI). And virus RNA were extracted with QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit. Fragments of NA genes were amplified by one-step RT-PCR and then were sequenced. The data obtained were analyzed with the software DNAStar 6.0 and Mage 5.0. We observed that the nucleotides of NA gene of 10 strains had no mutation in catalytic residues and framework residues of NA gene. And strongly suggest that all viruses were sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors, however continuous resistance surveillance is necessary for control and prevention influenza.","PeriodicalId":75599,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical sciences instrumentation","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89835587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.11648/J.BS.20210703.13
T. A. Jeremiah, Ransom Baribefii Jacob, Zaccheaus Awortu. Jeremiah, I. B. Enweani-Nwokelo, C. Anyamene
Restriction to health care and poor medical attention to inmates in correctional institutions in Port Harcourt has provided a gap in knowledge about their general health as well as their haematological indices status. Haematological indices are derivatives of complete blood count (CBC) used in the evaluation of overall health and detect a wide range of disorders, measure several components and features in the blood. This cross sectional study was aimed at determining haematological indices as a measure of quality of life amongst inmates of Port Harcourt Correctional Institution. One hundred and fifty (150) adults and twenty-eight (28) juveniles making a total of one hundred and seventy eight (178) adults and juveniles of both sexes participated in this study. Two milliliters (2mls) of blood was collected from each participant and dispensed into an EDTA anticoagulant bottle and used for the haematological investigations. Results obtained shows Mean±SEM of Hb (12.87±0.10 g/dl; 95% CI, 12.69-13.06), WBC (6.63±0.16x109/L; 95% CI, 6.32 - 6.93), Neutrophils (43.99±0.77%; 95% CI of 42.47-4.51%) while the Mean±SEM of Lymphocytes was 44.75±0.79% at 95% CI of 43.19-46.31 and CMX was 10.55±0.30%, at 95% Cl of 9.95-11.15). Haematological parameters of the inmates showed a significant Hb level among the males and between age 25–34 years at a significant level of P < 0.0001 respectively. The percentage of the lymphocyte, the CMX within these age group was also very significant at P < 0.0001 respectively. The reduced blood level, with the raise lymphocyte and CMX is a clear indication of poor health status and the presence of underlying infection although the findings cannot be adequately substantiated.
{"title":"Haematological Indices as a Measure of Quality of Life Amongst Inmates of Port Harcourt Correctional Institutions","authors":"T. A. Jeremiah, Ransom Baribefii Jacob, Zaccheaus Awortu. Jeremiah, I. B. Enweani-Nwokelo, C. Anyamene","doi":"10.11648/J.BS.20210703.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BS.20210703.13","url":null,"abstract":"Restriction to health care and poor medical attention to inmates in correctional institutions in Port Harcourt has provided a gap in knowledge about their general health as well as their haematological indices status. Haematological indices are derivatives of complete blood count (CBC) used in the evaluation of overall health and detect a wide range of disorders, measure several components and features in the blood. This cross sectional study was aimed at determining haematological indices as a measure of quality of life amongst inmates of Port Harcourt Correctional Institution. One hundred and fifty (150) adults and twenty-eight (28) juveniles making a total of one hundred and seventy eight (178) adults and juveniles of both sexes participated in this study. Two milliliters (2mls) of blood was collected from each participant and dispensed into an EDTA anticoagulant bottle and used for the haematological investigations. Results obtained shows Mean±SEM of Hb (12.87±0.10 g/dl; 95% CI, 12.69-13.06), WBC (6.63±0.16x109/L; 95% CI, 6.32 - 6.93), Neutrophils (43.99±0.77%; 95% CI of 42.47-4.51%) while the Mean±SEM of Lymphocytes was 44.75±0.79% at 95% CI of 43.19-46.31 and CMX was 10.55±0.30%, at 95% Cl of 9.95-11.15). Haematological parameters of the inmates showed a significant Hb level among the males and between age 25–34 years at a significant level of P < 0.0001 respectively. The percentage of the lymphocyte, the CMX within these age group was also very significant at P < 0.0001 respectively. The reduced blood level, with the raise lymphocyte and CMX is a clear indication of poor health status and the presence of underlying infection although the findings cannot be adequately substantiated.","PeriodicalId":75599,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical sciences instrumentation","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76029957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-05DOI: 10.11648/J.BS.20210703.12
Fakhria Alam, G. Begum, F. Begum, M. Alauddin
Introduction: Osteoporosis is a bone disease that occurs when the body loses too much bone, makes too little bone, or both. As a result, bones become weak and may break from a fall or, in serious cases, from sneezing or minor bumps. The aim of the study was to assess dietary Factors Associated with Osteoporosis among Post-Menopausal Women. Material & Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study at the department of Obstetrics & Gynecology of 250 bedded General Hospital, Jamalpur, Bangladesh during the period from January 2018 to December 2018. Results: Out of 300 post-menopausal women the maximum number of respondents were from the age group of 45-55 years (42.33%) followed by 56-65 years (27.67%) and >85 years (4.33%). The mean age of the respondents was 65.66±12.31 years and the mean age at menopause was 47.35±3.78 years. Maximum respondents were from overweight (42.67%) whereas the least number of respondents were from underweight (1.67%). The mean BMI of all respondents was 27.39±4.93. Most of the patients experienced menopause for last 6-10 years (63%) whereas the least number of patients experienced menopause for only 1-5 years (11%). 183 (61%) respondents stated that they did not take any milk specific diet like milk, yogurt, sweetmeats, card etc. regularly whereas rest 117 (39%) agreed that they took milk or dairy products in any form mentioned above. Among 300 respondents, it was observed that 45 (15%) did not take tea in their day to day life while the number of habits of not taking coffee was 285 (95%). Habit of taking tea was found in 255 (85%) respondents and coffee having habit was found in case of 15 (5%) respondents. Compared to the respondents who experienced menopause >10 years were suffered from osteoporosis 0.0751 times more in comparison to the respondents who experienced menopause for the duration of ≤10 years, which is statistically highly significant at 5% level of significance (95% CI: 0.0101-0.5582, p=0.0012). Conclusion: Milk or milk related product regularly have less likely to have osteoporosis than those who do not take any of these daily. So, it was significant that post menopause women who takes milk daily have less risk of osteoporosis.
{"title":"Dietary Factors Associated with Osteoporosis Among Post-Menopausal Women: A Study in a District Hospital, Jamalpur, Bangladesh","authors":"Fakhria Alam, G. Begum, F. Begum, M. Alauddin","doi":"10.11648/J.BS.20210703.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BS.20210703.12","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Osteoporosis is a bone disease that occurs when the body loses too much bone, makes too little bone, or both. As a result, bones become weak and may break from a fall or, in serious cases, from sneezing or minor bumps. The aim of the study was to assess dietary Factors Associated with Osteoporosis among Post-Menopausal Women. Material & Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study at the department of Obstetrics & Gynecology of 250 bedded General Hospital, Jamalpur, Bangladesh during the period from January 2018 to December 2018. Results: Out of 300 post-menopausal women the maximum number of respondents were from the age group of 45-55 years (42.33%) followed by 56-65 years (27.67%) and >85 years (4.33%). The mean age of the respondents was 65.66±12.31 years and the mean age at menopause was 47.35±3.78 years. Maximum respondents were from overweight (42.67%) whereas the least number of respondents were from underweight (1.67%). The mean BMI of all respondents was 27.39±4.93. Most of the patients experienced menopause for last 6-10 years (63%) whereas the least number of patients experienced menopause for only 1-5 years (11%). 183 (61%) respondents stated that they did not take any milk specific diet like milk, yogurt, sweetmeats, card etc. regularly whereas rest 117 (39%) agreed that they took milk or dairy products in any form mentioned above. Among 300 respondents, it was observed that 45 (15%) did not take tea in their day to day life while the number of habits of not taking coffee was 285 (95%). Habit of taking tea was found in 255 (85%) respondents and coffee having habit was found in case of 15 (5%) respondents. Compared to the respondents who experienced menopause >10 years were suffered from osteoporosis 0.0751 times more in comparison to the respondents who experienced menopause for the duration of ≤10 years, which is statistically highly significant at 5% level of significance (95% CI: 0.0101-0.5582, p=0.0012). Conclusion: Milk or milk related product regularly have less likely to have osteoporosis than those who do not take any of these daily. So, it was significant that post menopause women who takes milk daily have less risk of osteoporosis.","PeriodicalId":75599,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical sciences instrumentation","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82582956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.11648/J.BS.20210703.11
Ke Niu, Fengjie Xu, Guangyong Wang, M. Zeng
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is the main cause of severe neurological diseases and death in newborns. Macamide B is an effective monomer extracted from Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walpers), which has important biological activities such as neuroprotection and neuromodulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Macamide B can exert neuroprotective effects on HIBD in newborn mice by regulating Silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1 (SIRT1). A modified Rice-Vannucci method was used to construct the HIBD model of newborn mice. The pups were divided into the following groups: sham group, HI group, and Macamide B group. On the first and third days after hypoxic-ischemic (HI), immunofluorescence and Western blot experiments were used to detect the expression level of SIRT1 in the brain tissue of infants. The results of the immunofluorescence experiment showed that compared with the sham group, the expression level of SIRT1 is significantly decreased in HI group pups, while the expression level of SIRT1 in pups pretreated with Macamide B increased significantly. The results of Western blot experiments are consistent with the results of immunofluorescence experiments. Our data indicate that Macamide B may exert a neuroprotective effect on HIBD in newborn mice by up-regulating the expression of SIRT1. Macamide B may become a new medicine effective in preventing and treating HIBD.
{"title":"Effects of Macamide B on the Expression of SIRT1 in Brain Tissue of Neonatal Mice with Hypoxic-ischemic Brain Damage","authors":"Ke Niu, Fengjie Xu, Guangyong Wang, M. Zeng","doi":"10.11648/J.BS.20210703.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BS.20210703.11","url":null,"abstract":"Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is the main cause of severe neurological diseases and death in newborns. Macamide B is an effective monomer extracted from Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walpers), which has important biological activities such as neuroprotection and neuromodulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Macamide B can exert neuroprotective effects on HIBD in newborn mice by regulating Silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1 (SIRT1). A modified Rice-Vannucci method was used to construct the HIBD model of newborn mice. The pups were divided into the following groups: sham group, HI group, and Macamide B group. On the first and third days after hypoxic-ischemic (HI), immunofluorescence and Western blot experiments were used to detect the expression level of SIRT1 in the brain tissue of infants. The results of the immunofluorescence experiment showed that compared with the sham group, the expression level of SIRT1 is significantly decreased in HI group pups, while the expression level of SIRT1 in pups pretreated with Macamide B increased significantly. The results of Western blot experiments are consistent with the results of immunofluorescence experiments. Our data indicate that Macamide B may exert a neuroprotective effect on HIBD in newborn mice by up-regulating the expression of SIRT1. Macamide B may become a new medicine effective in preventing and treating HIBD.","PeriodicalId":75599,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical sciences instrumentation","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72481970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.11648/J.BS.20210702.14
Ahmad Musa Kochifa, Mahmoud Tanko Mohammed, akubu Mohammed Sani
Ascariasis is a disease caused by the parasite known as Ascaris lumbricoides. The adult worms are known to affect the nutritional status of patients, mostly children under the age of five (5), leading to malnutrition and night blindness due to Vitamin A deficiency. The long term effect of the malnutrition is retarded growth; other symptoms are intermittent colicky cramps, loss of appetite, and obstruction of the intestinal tract. In this paper, the prevalence of Acariasis in 15 communities across 3 local governments in Adamawa North Senatorial District, Adamawa State, Nigeria was reported. A total of 450 faecal samples were collected from the participants after obtaining permission from relevant authorities including parents and guardians of under-aged participants. The samples were then subjected to standard parasitological procedures such as direct mount and sedimentation method for detection of adult worms and eggs. The results obtained shows that Mubi-North (13.3%) recorded the highest prevalence compared to Mubi-South (11.1%) and Maiha (9.1). In relation to gender, the prevalence in males (37.3%) is slightly higher than that of females (28.9%). Lastly, the age-related prevalence shows that children of lower age groups are more infected than adults of higher age groups. Ascariasis is very common in communities with inadequate sanitation facilities, andit can be controlled through sensitization about improving personal hygiene and provision of portable water and sanitation facilities.
{"title":"Prevalence of Ascariasis in Selected Communities of Adamawa Northern Senatorial District","authors":"Ahmad Musa Kochifa, Mahmoud Tanko Mohammed, akubu Mohammed Sani","doi":"10.11648/J.BS.20210702.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BS.20210702.14","url":null,"abstract":"Ascariasis is a disease caused by the parasite known as Ascaris lumbricoides. The adult worms are known to affect the nutritional status of patients, mostly children under the age of five (5), leading to malnutrition and night blindness due to Vitamin A deficiency. The long term effect of the malnutrition is retarded growth; other symptoms are intermittent colicky cramps, loss of appetite, and obstruction of the intestinal tract. In this paper, the prevalence of Acariasis in 15 communities across 3 local governments in Adamawa North Senatorial District, Adamawa State, Nigeria was reported. A total of 450 faecal samples were collected from the participants after obtaining permission from relevant authorities including parents and guardians of under-aged participants. The samples were then subjected to standard parasitological procedures such as direct mount and sedimentation method for detection of adult worms and eggs. The results obtained shows that Mubi-North (13.3%) recorded the highest prevalence compared to Mubi-South (11.1%) and Maiha (9.1). In relation to gender, the prevalence in males (37.3%) is slightly higher than that of females (28.9%). Lastly, the age-related prevalence shows that children of lower age groups are more infected than adults of higher age groups. Ascariasis is very common in communities with inadequate sanitation facilities, andit can be controlled through sensitization about improving personal hygiene and provision of portable water and sanitation facilities.","PeriodicalId":75599,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical sciences instrumentation","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73215539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-26DOI: 10.11648/J.BS.20210702.13
M. Surcel, M. Butan, D. Surcel
Current frontiers in the biological sciences require an interface between the disciplines of biology and quantum physics to obtain new paradigms in the field of medical practice. Gemmotherapy is a more recent component of phytotherapy, which uses the embryonic tissues of plants, useful for their ability to detoxify cells, drainage of toxic products and for their anti-inflammatory effects. Starting from the fact that gemmotherapy is a type of energy medicine, we focused on some aspects regarding recent acquisitions related to energy and information. The primary element of the universe is energy, the carrier of information, and not material, and space is neither empty nor passive, but is full of virtual energies and information. Traditional medicine and scientific discoveries, from the last 100 years, have demonstrated the existence of a non-material fundamental force that supports all living organisms, namely the biofield. The biofield coordinates all cellular processes / DNA synthesis, RNA, cell division, cell differentiation, morphogenesis, psycho-neuro-endocrine-metabolic-immune regulation, biochemical reactions, the self-regulation / healing / and regeneration processes, which are under the direct command of the energy matrix. Biology is governed by the quantum process, and at its center is DNA. So we can say that man is an energy-informational entity, and the presence of coherent biofields indicates healthy organisms, while biofields affected by chaotic signals indicate diseased organisms. Gemmotherapy, like other types of alternative medicine, is guided by a deep knowledge of natural laws and aims to restore the dynamic energy balance, the basis of healing being provided by the living structures of plants. Having as intervention tool the body's own immune system, therapy with gemmotherapy extracts ensures the improvement of intercellular communication, according to the body's needs, through psycho-neuro-endocrine-immunological mechanisms, correcting the energy behavior of altered tissue, and thus biochemical reactions can be restored normal. Gemmotherapy restores the energy-informational matrix of the body by activating the energy control centers, stimulating the natural formation of stem cells and at the same time by stimulating the recovery processes of damaged and senescent tissues / cells/.
{"title":"New Concepts Targeting the Biological and Quantum Connections in the Action Mechanism of the Gemmmotherapy","authors":"M. Surcel, M. Butan, D. Surcel","doi":"10.11648/J.BS.20210702.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BS.20210702.13","url":null,"abstract":"Current frontiers in the biological sciences require an interface between the disciplines of biology and quantum physics to obtain new paradigms in the field of medical practice. Gemmotherapy is a more recent component of phytotherapy, which uses the embryonic tissues of plants, useful for their ability to detoxify cells, drainage of toxic products and for their anti-inflammatory effects. Starting from the fact that gemmotherapy is a type of energy medicine, we focused on some aspects regarding recent acquisitions related to energy and information. The primary element of the universe is energy, the carrier of information, and not material, and space is neither empty nor passive, but is full of virtual energies and information. Traditional medicine and scientific discoveries, from the last 100 years, have demonstrated the existence of a non-material fundamental force that supports all living organisms, namely the biofield. The biofield coordinates all cellular processes / DNA synthesis, RNA, cell division, cell differentiation, morphogenesis, psycho-neuro-endocrine-metabolic-immune regulation, biochemical reactions, the self-regulation / healing / and regeneration processes, which are under the direct command of the energy matrix. Biology is governed by the quantum process, and at its center is DNA. So we can say that man is an energy-informational entity, and the presence of coherent biofields indicates healthy organisms, while biofields affected by chaotic signals indicate diseased organisms. Gemmotherapy, like other types of alternative medicine, is guided by a deep knowledge of natural laws and aims to restore the dynamic energy balance, the basis of healing being provided by the living structures of plants. Having as intervention tool the body's own immune system, therapy with gemmotherapy extracts ensures the improvement of intercellular communication, according to the body's needs, through psycho-neuro-endocrine-immunological mechanisms, correcting the energy behavior of altered tissue, and thus biochemical reactions can be restored normal. Gemmotherapy restores the energy-informational matrix of the body by activating the energy control centers, stimulating the natural formation of stem cells and at the same time by stimulating the recovery processes of damaged and senescent tissues / cells/.","PeriodicalId":75599,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical sciences instrumentation","volume":"9 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83898941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-14DOI: 10.11648/J.BS.20210702.12
Semi Oh, Min-Seok Kim, Beom-Rae Noh, H. Baik, Kyoung-Kok Kim
Many diabetic mellitus patients envision a non-invasive method of blood glucose measurement since they require periodic monitoring of their blood glucose levels to ensure that it is stable and within the normal range. In this study, we detected glucose concentration using commercial light emitting diodes (LEDs) with a wavelength of 700–1600 nm. Light of long wavelengths (e.g. NIR) infiltrate human skin and reach the blood vessel lining, thereby aiding in the non-invasive measurement of blood glucose concentration. To demonstrate this, the concentration of glucose solutions was measured using red and NIR-LEDs in a non-invasive manner. The sensitivity of glucose detection was greater when light of wavelength below 1000 nm was used, owing to the absorption of wavelengths above 1000 nm by water. Furthermore, we controlled the input current of the red and NIR-LEDs to confirm the light intensity deviation with increasing glucose concentrations and suggested the optimum wavelength of light using this in-vitro system. Among various LEDs, the 700 nm LED showed higher light intensity deviation with change in injection current compared to LEDs with the other wavelengths. In particular, compared to other LEDs, a stark difference was observed in the light intensity of the 700 nm LED while measuring glucose concentrations in the range of 50–100 mg/dl.
{"title":"Non-Invasive Measurement of Glucose Concentration Using Red and Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diodes","authors":"Semi Oh, Min-Seok Kim, Beom-Rae Noh, H. Baik, Kyoung-Kok Kim","doi":"10.11648/J.BS.20210702.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BS.20210702.12","url":null,"abstract":"Many diabetic mellitus patients envision a non-invasive method of blood glucose measurement since they require periodic monitoring of their blood glucose levels to ensure that it is stable and within the normal range. In this study, we detected glucose concentration using commercial light emitting diodes (LEDs) with a wavelength of 700–1600 nm. Light of long wavelengths (e.g. NIR) infiltrate human skin and reach the blood vessel lining, thereby aiding in the non-invasive measurement of blood glucose concentration. To demonstrate this, the concentration of glucose solutions was measured using red and NIR-LEDs in a non-invasive manner. The sensitivity of glucose detection was greater when light of wavelength below 1000 nm was used, owing to the absorption of wavelengths above 1000 nm by water. Furthermore, we controlled the input current of the red and NIR-LEDs to confirm the light intensity deviation with increasing glucose concentrations and suggested the optimum wavelength of light using this in-vitro system. Among various LEDs, the 700 nm LED showed higher light intensity deviation with change in injection current compared to LEDs with the other wavelengths. In particular, compared to other LEDs, a stark difference was observed in the light intensity of the 700 nm LED while measuring glucose concentrations in the range of 50–100 mg/dl.","PeriodicalId":75599,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical sciences instrumentation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89842147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-14DOI: 10.11648/J.BS.20210702.11
F. Deeba, J. Banu, Shakeela Ishrat, Shaheen Ara Anawary, N. Begum
Introduction: The right treatment of male infertility is relatively costly procedure. So we should sincerer about the treatment procedure to evaluate the role of mast cell blocker ebastin in male infertility for the sake of the wellbeing of our people. The study aims to observe and evaluate the effect of Mast cell (MC) blocker Ebastin in the improvement of sperm motility in asthenospermic infertile male. Methods: This was a longitudinal clinical trial study and was conducted in the Infertility Unit outdoor, Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. Bangladesh during the period from January 2015 to December 2015. This study was conducted among the male patients and followed Purposive sampling technique. Finally, 334 cases were enrolled in this study. Among the male with abnormal semen parameter 168 patients were Asthenozospermic and 60 patients were combined Oligo-asthenozospermic. Statistical analysis was carried out by using the SPSS 16.0 & MS-Excel2016. Result: From 334 study people we found in group I, mean sperm total mortality was 24.86±12.02% in pretreatment and 34.29±9.35% in post treatment. The difference was statistically significant (p 0.05). Improved sperm motility was 75.4% of asthenozospermic male in ebastin group and 19.3% in placebo group. Which was statistically significant (p 0.05). Conclusion: that sperm motility and rapid progress had significantly improved after three months’ treatment period with Ebastin than Placebo. Therefore, this study suggested that mast cell blocker ebastin can be helpful than placebo to improve the patients’ sperm motility with asthenozoospermia.
{"title":"Ebastine, a Mast Cell Blocker Improves Sperm Motility in Asthenospermic Infertile Men","authors":"F. Deeba, J. Banu, Shakeela Ishrat, Shaheen Ara Anawary, N. Begum","doi":"10.11648/J.BS.20210702.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BS.20210702.11","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The right treatment of male infertility is relatively costly procedure. So we should sincerer about the treatment procedure to evaluate the role of mast cell blocker ebastin in male infertility for the sake of the wellbeing of our people. The study aims to observe and evaluate the effect of Mast cell (MC) blocker Ebastin in the improvement of sperm motility in asthenospermic infertile male. Methods: This was a longitudinal clinical trial study and was conducted in the Infertility Unit outdoor, Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. Bangladesh during the period from January 2015 to December 2015. This study was conducted among the male patients and followed Purposive sampling technique. Finally, 334 cases were enrolled in this study. Among the male with abnormal semen parameter 168 patients were Asthenozospermic and 60 patients were combined Oligo-asthenozospermic. Statistical analysis was carried out by using the SPSS 16.0 & MS-Excel2016. Result: From 334 study people we found in group I, mean sperm total mortality was 24.86±12.02% in pretreatment and 34.29±9.35% in post treatment. The difference was statistically significant (p 0.05). Improved sperm motility was 75.4% of asthenozospermic male in ebastin group and 19.3% in placebo group. Which was statistically significant (p 0.05). Conclusion: that sperm motility and rapid progress had significantly improved after three months’ treatment period with Ebastin than Placebo. Therefore, this study suggested that mast cell blocker ebastin can be helpful than placebo to improve the patients’ sperm motility with asthenozoospermia.","PeriodicalId":75599,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical sciences instrumentation","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81860277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Epilepsy is a disabling and devastating neurological disorder, characterized by recurrent seizures. These seizures are caused by the abrupt disturbance of the brain and are categorized into various types based on the clinical manifestations and localization. Seizures with clinical manifestations require immediate medical attention. In this work, an attempt has been made to differentiate the seizures with and without clinical manifestations using wavelet energy of scalp EEG signals. For this purpose, scalp EEG records from the publically available Temple University Hospital (TUH) database are considered in this work. The first four seconds of scalp EEG during seizure is subjected to seven-level Daubechies (db4) wavelet decomposition and energy is extracted from the resultant coefficients. These features are used to develop k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) classification model for the detection. The results show that the energy associated with most of the sub-bands exhibits significant difference (p<0.05) in these two types of seizures. It is found that the machine learning model based on k-NN achieves an accuracy of 87.6% and precision of 87.3%. Therefore, it appears that the proposed approach could aid in detecting life-threatening seizures in clinical settings.
{"title":"DETECTION OF SEIZURE TYPES FROM THE WAVELET ENERGY OF SCALP EEG","authors":"Joseph Mathew, N. Sivakumaran, P. Karthick","doi":"10.34107/yhpn9422.04340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34107/yhpn9422.04340","url":null,"abstract":"Epilepsy is a disabling and devastating neurological disorder, characterized by recurrent seizures. These seizures are caused by the abrupt disturbance of the brain and are categorized into various types based on the clinical manifestations and localization. Seizures with clinical manifestations require immediate medical attention. In this work, an attempt has been made to differentiate the seizures with and without clinical manifestations using wavelet energy of scalp EEG signals. For this purpose, scalp EEG records from the publically available Temple University Hospital (TUH) database are considered in this work. The first four seconds of scalp EEG during seizure is subjected to seven-level Daubechies (db4) wavelet decomposition and energy is extracted from the resultant coefficients. These features are used to develop k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) classification model for the detection. The results show that the energy associated with most of the sub-bands exhibits significant difference (p<0.05) in these two types of seizures. It is found that the machine learning model based on k-NN achieves an accuracy of 87.6% and precision of 87.3%. Therefore, it appears that the proposed approach could aid in detecting life-threatening seizures in clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":75599,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical sciences instrumentation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49175320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katlynn Bussett, Katherine Goebel, V. Lee, Lindsey Alumbaugh, Mark A. Calhoun, B. Nguyen, E. Dosmar
Arthritis affects 26.3% of adults and approximately 50,000 children in the United States [1]. Hydrogel drug-delivery systems have been considered as a viable option for drug delivery to arthritic articular cartilage in the knee. To determine physiologically relevant loading, a Qualisys motion capture system was used to analyze the gait of college-aged females as they took several steps on a flat surface, then stepped onto a force plate. The motion capture and force plate data was used to determine maximum force exerted on the knee during normal gait. Three different alginate-based hydrogels, where the superior one had a triple interpenetrating graphene oxide network (TN hydrogels), were investigated for use as an antiinflammatory drug delivery system in a human knee joint. Physiologically relevant cyclic loading was performed to ensure that the TN hydrogel could withstand the force exerted in the knee. The TN hydrogel experienced a change in energy of 50% after cyclic loading (10.6 ± 15.0 Pa) and survived high stresses of 4 kPa, which is 80 magnitudes larger than observable gait forces as measured in this study. From a mechanical perspective, TN hydrogel appears to be mechanically viable for arthritis drug delivery. In addition, based on calculations and Flory-Rehner equations, the pore size of the TN hydrogel is adequate for encapsulating most NSAIDs, which have a molecule size ≤ 5μm.
{"title":"TN HYDROGELS AS A POTENTIAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM TARGETED TO OSTEOARTHRITIC KNEES","authors":"Katlynn Bussett, Katherine Goebel, V. Lee, Lindsey Alumbaugh, Mark A. Calhoun, B. Nguyen, E. Dosmar","doi":"10.34107/yhpn9422.0474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34107/yhpn9422.0474","url":null,"abstract":"Arthritis affects 26.3% of adults and approximately 50,000 children in the United States [1]. Hydrogel drug-delivery systems have been considered as a viable option for drug delivery to arthritic articular cartilage in the knee. To determine physiologically relevant loading, a Qualisys motion capture system was used to analyze the gait of college-aged females as they took several steps on a flat surface, then stepped onto a force plate. The motion capture and force plate data was used to determine maximum force exerted on the knee during normal gait. Three different alginate-based hydrogels, where the superior one had a triple interpenetrating graphene oxide network (TN hydrogels), were investigated for use as an antiinflammatory drug delivery system in a human knee joint. Physiologically relevant cyclic loading was performed to ensure that the TN hydrogel could withstand the force exerted in the knee. The TN hydrogel experienced a change in energy of 50% after cyclic loading (10.6 ± 15.0 Pa) and survived high stresses of 4 kPa, which is 80 magnitudes larger than observable gait forces as measured in this study. From a mechanical perspective, TN hydrogel appears to be mechanically viable for arthritis drug delivery. In addition, based on calculations and Flory-Rehner equations, the pore size of the TN hydrogel is adequate for encapsulating most NSAIDs, which have a molecule size ≤ 5μm.","PeriodicalId":75599,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical sciences instrumentation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47580306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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