Sukanta Kumar Tulo, Satyavratan Govindarajan, Palaniappan Ramu, R. Swaminathan
Mediastinum is considered as one of the substantial anatomical regions for the gross diagnosis of several chest related pathologies. The geometric variations of the mediastinum in Chest Radiographs (CXRs) could be utilised as potential image markers in the early detection of Tuberculosis (TB). This study attempts to segment mediastinum in CXRs using level sets for the shape characterization of TB conditions. The CXR images for this study are considered from a public database. An edge-based distance regularized level set evolution is employed to segment the lungs followed by a region-based Chan-Vese model that extracts mediastinum region. Features such as mediastinum area and lungs area are extracted from the segmented images. Further, mediastinum to lungs area ratio is calculated. Statistical analysis is performed on the features to differentiate normal and TB images. Results show that the proposed segmentation approach is able to segment the lungs and extract the mediastinum in CXRs. It is found that features namely mediastinum area and mediastinum to lungs area ratio are statistically significant in the differentiation of TB. Larger mediastinum area is observed in TB images as compared to normal. The performance of lung field segmentation is also observed to be in line with the literature. The mediastinum segmentation approach in CXRs obtains to be a novel method as compared to the existing methods. As the proposed approach based on mediastinum image analysis provides better shape characterization, the study could be clinically useful in the differentiation of TB conditions.
{"title":"SHAPE CHARACTERIZATION OF MEDIASTINUM IN TUBERCULOSIS CHEST RADIOGRAPHS USING LEVEL SET SEGMENTATION","authors":"Sukanta Kumar Tulo, Satyavratan Govindarajan, Palaniappan Ramu, R. Swaminathan","doi":"10.34107/yhpn9422.04212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34107/yhpn9422.04212","url":null,"abstract":"Mediastinum is considered as one of the substantial anatomical regions for the gross diagnosis of several chest related pathologies. The geometric variations of the mediastinum in Chest Radiographs (CXRs) could be utilised as potential image markers in the early detection of Tuberculosis (TB). This study attempts to segment mediastinum in CXRs using level sets for the shape characterization of TB conditions. The CXR images for this study are considered from a public database. An edge-based distance regularized level set evolution is employed to segment the lungs followed by a region-based Chan-Vese model that extracts mediastinum region. Features such as mediastinum area and lungs area are extracted from the segmented images. Further, mediastinum to lungs area ratio is calculated. Statistical analysis is performed on the features to differentiate normal and TB images. Results show that the proposed segmentation approach is able to segment the lungs and extract the mediastinum in CXRs. It is found that features namely mediastinum area and mediastinum to lungs area ratio are statistically significant in the differentiation of TB. Larger mediastinum area is observed in TB images as compared to normal. The performance of lung field segmentation is also observed to be in line with the literature. The mediastinum segmentation approach in CXRs obtains to be a novel method as compared to the existing methods. As the proposed approach based on mediastinum image analysis provides better shape characterization, the study could be clinically useful in the differentiation of TB conditions.","PeriodicalId":75599,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical sciences instrumentation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43689744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emotion recognition is important in human communication and to achieve a complete interaction between humans and machines. In medical applications, emotion recognition is used to assist the children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD to improve their socio-emotional communication, helps doctors with diagnosis of diseases such as depression and dementia and also helps the caretakers of older patients to monitor their well-being. This paper discusses the application of feature level fusion of speech and facial expressions of different emotions such as neutral, happy, sad, angry, surprise, fearful and disgust. Also, to explore how best to build the deep learning networks to classify the emotions independently and jointly from these two modalities. VGG-model is utilized to extract features from facial images, and spectral features are extracted from speech signals. Further, feature level fusion technique is adopted to fuse the features extracted from the two modalities. Principal Component Analysis (PCA is implemented to choose the significant features. The proposed method achieved a maximum score of 90% on training set and 82% on validation set. The recognition rate in case of multimodal data improved greatly when compared to unimodal system. The multimodal system gave an improvement of 9% compared to the performance of the system based on speech. Thus, result shows that the proposed Multimodal Emotion Recognition (MER outperform the unimodal emotion recognition system.
{"title":"EMOTION ANALYSIS USING SIGNAL AND IMAGE PROCESSING APPROACH BY IMPLEMENTING DEEP NEURAL NETWORK","authors":"S. Shuma, T. Bobby, S. Malathi","doi":"10.34107/yhpn9422.04313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34107/yhpn9422.04313","url":null,"abstract":"Emotion recognition is important in human communication and to achieve a complete interaction between humans and machines. In medical applications, emotion recognition is used to assist the children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD to improve their socio-emotional communication, helps doctors with diagnosis of diseases such as depression and dementia and also helps the caretakers of older patients to monitor their well-being. This paper discusses the application of feature level fusion of speech and facial expressions of different emotions such as neutral, happy, sad, angry, surprise, fearful and disgust. Also, to explore how best to build the deep learning networks to classify the emotions independently and jointly from these two modalities. VGG-model is utilized to extract features from facial images, and spectral features are extracted from speech signals. Further, feature level fusion technique is adopted to fuse the features extracted from the two modalities. Principal Component Analysis (PCA is implemented to choose the significant features. The proposed method achieved a maximum score of 90% on training set and 82% on validation set. The recognition rate in case of multimodal data improved greatly when compared to unimodal system. The multimodal system gave an improvement of 9% compared to the performance of the system based on speech. Thus, result shows that the proposed Multimodal Emotion Recognition (MER outperform the unimodal emotion recognition system.","PeriodicalId":75599,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical sciences instrumentation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42553907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Vardhini, Non-Invasive Imaging, S. Ramakrishnan
Uterine Electromyography (uEMG) is a non-invasive technique that provides quantitative measure of uterine activity from the abdominal surface. In this work, an attempt has been made to investigate Term (gestational age > 37 weeks) uEMG signals using Adaptive Fractal Analysis (AFA). For this, the signals obtained in second and third trimesters are considered and subjected to AFA. The fluctuation function is computed and the corresponding linear scaling regions are identified based on Chi-square statistic, standard error of slope, and coefficient of determination. Angle-based features from multiple scaling regions namely, inter-fractal angle and, short- and long-term fractal angles are extracted and are used for further analysis. The obtained results demonstrates that AFA approach can characterize the Term signals during varied gestational ages. All features show significant differences (p < 0.05) in both groups. Feature values suggest that the third trimester signals possess more correlated and smoother fluctuations when compared to second trimester signals. This is attributed to the increased coordination of uterine contractions as delivery approaches. Hence, it appears that the proposed adaptive angle-based fractal features could be potential biomarkers in analyzing the muscle contractions associated with Term pregnancies.
{"title":"FRACTAL ANGLE BASED DIFFERENTIATION OF TERM PREGNANCIES USING UTERINE ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC SIGNALS","authors":"P. Vardhini, Non-Invasive Imaging, S. Ramakrishnan","doi":"10.34107/yhpn9422.04350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34107/yhpn9422.04350","url":null,"abstract":"Uterine Electromyography (uEMG) is a non-invasive technique that provides quantitative measure of uterine activity from the abdominal surface. In this work, an attempt has been made to investigate Term (gestational age > 37 weeks) uEMG signals using Adaptive Fractal Analysis (AFA). For this, the signals obtained in second and third trimesters are considered and subjected to AFA. The fluctuation function is computed and the corresponding linear scaling regions are identified based on Chi-square statistic, standard error of slope, and coefficient of determination. Angle-based features from multiple scaling regions namely, inter-fractal angle and, short- and long-term fractal angles are extracted and are used for further analysis. The obtained results demonstrates that AFA approach can characterize the Term signals during varied gestational ages. All features show significant differences (p < 0.05) in both groups. Feature values suggest that the third trimester signals possess more correlated and smoother fluctuations when compared to second trimester signals. This is attributed to the increased coordination of uterine contractions as delivery approaches. Hence, it appears that the proposed adaptive angle-based fractal features could be potential biomarkers in analyzing the muscle contractions associated with Term pregnancies.","PeriodicalId":75599,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical sciences instrumentation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44109274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Little experimental data has been reported on the biomechanics of head collisions with drywall sections. The dynamics of head collisions with rigid structures are well documented. However, impacts with compliant, composite structures are more difficult to analyze. The study objective was to correlate the severity of a head impact with damage to the drywall. A human head analog was instrumented with a tri-axial accelerometer and a uniaxial load cell was placed along the cervical spine axis. A randomized block design of drop height and head orientation was utilized. The test results indicated a primarily linear correlation between drop height and peak head acceleration, as well as correlation between drop height and the geometry of the indentation to the drywall. Head posture had little influence on wall damage, however, head extension resulted in a stiffer head-spine complex compared to a flexed posture. A two-factor ANOVA determined a statistically significant correlation between damage severity and impact velocity. The results obtained can be used by accident reconstructionists to approximate the impact severity of a head impacting drywall. The study data are limited to drywall sections of known, similar geometry, and does not apply to scenarios with a support beam directly beneath the drywall. Further studies are needed to investigate additional head postures.
{"title":"DYNAMICS RESPONSE OF THE HUMAN HEAD DURING DRYWALL IMPACT","authors":"M. Liebschner, L. Waite","doi":"10.34107/yhpn9422.04136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34107/yhpn9422.04136","url":null,"abstract":"Little experimental data has been reported on the biomechanics of head collisions with drywall sections. The dynamics of head collisions with rigid structures are well documented. However, impacts with compliant, composite structures are more difficult to analyze. The study objective was to correlate the severity of a head impact with damage to the drywall. A human head analog was instrumented with a tri-axial accelerometer and a uniaxial load cell was placed along the cervical spine axis. A randomized block design of drop height and head orientation was utilized. The test results indicated a primarily linear correlation between drop height and peak head acceleration, as well as correlation between drop height and the geometry of the indentation to the drywall. Head posture had little influence on wall damage, however, head extension resulted in a stiffer head-spine complex compared to a flexed posture. A two-factor ANOVA determined a statistically significant correlation between damage severity and impact velocity. The results obtained can be used by accident reconstructionists to approximate the impact severity of a head impacting drywall. The study data are limited to drywall sections of known, similar geometry, and does not apply to scenarios with a support beam directly beneath the drywall. Further studies are needed to investigate additional head postures.","PeriodicalId":75599,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical sciences instrumentation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43518455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Divya Bharathi Krishnamani, Non-Invasive Imaging, P. Karthick, R. Swaminathan
Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a technique which noninvasively acquires the electrical activity of muscles and is widely used for muscle fatigue assessment. This study attempts to characterize the dynamic muscle fatiguing contractions with frequency bands of sEMG signals and a geometric feature namely the instantaneous spectral centroid (ISC). The sEMG signals are acquired from biceps brachii muscle of fifty-eight healthy volunteers. The frequency components of the signals are divided into low frequency band (10-45Hz), medium frequency band (55-95Hz) and high frequency band (95-400Hz). The signals associated with these bands are subjected to a Hilbert transform and analytical shape representation is obtained in the complex plane. The ISC feature is extracted from the resultant shape of the three frequency bands. The results show that this feature can differentiate the muscle nonfatigue and fatigue conditions (p<0.05). It is found the values of ISC is lower in fatigue conditions irrespective of frequency bands. It is also observed that the coefficient of variation of ISC in the low frequency band is less and it demonstrates the ability of handling inter-subject variations. Therefore, the proposed geometric feature from the low frequency band of sEMG signals could be considered for detecting muscle fatigue in various neuromuscular conditions.
{"title":"VARIATION OF INSTANTANEOUS SPECTRAL CENTROID ACROSS BANDS OF SURFACE ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC SIGNALS","authors":"Divya Bharathi Krishnamani, Non-Invasive Imaging, P. Karthick, R. Swaminathan","doi":"10.34107/yhpn9422.04356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34107/yhpn9422.04356","url":null,"abstract":"Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a technique which noninvasively acquires the electrical activity of muscles and is widely used for muscle fatigue assessment. This study attempts to characterize the dynamic muscle fatiguing contractions with frequency bands of sEMG signals and a geometric feature namely the instantaneous spectral centroid (ISC). The sEMG signals are acquired from biceps brachii muscle of fifty-eight healthy volunteers. The frequency components of the signals are divided into low frequency band (10-45Hz), medium frequency band (55-95Hz) and high frequency band (95-400Hz). The signals associated with these bands are subjected to a Hilbert transform and analytical shape representation is obtained in the complex plane. The ISC feature is extracted from the resultant shape of the three frequency bands. The results show that this feature can differentiate the muscle nonfatigue and fatigue conditions (p<0.05). It is found the values of ISC is lower in fatigue conditions irrespective of frequency bands. It is also observed that the coefficient of variation of ISC in the low frequency band is less and it demonstrates the ability of handling inter-subject variations. Therefore, the proposed geometric feature from the low frequency band of sEMG signals could be considered for detecting muscle fatigue in various neuromuscular conditions.","PeriodicalId":75599,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical sciences instrumentation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44069451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Declan A Patton, Colin M Huber, Susan S Margulies, Christina L Master, Kristy B Arbogast
Previous studies have investigated the head impact kinematics of purposeful heading in youth soccer; however, less than a third of all head injuries in youth soccer have been found to involve ball contact. The aim of the current study was to identity the head impact kinematics and exposure not associated with purposeful heading of the ball in male youth soccer. Headband-mounted sensors were used to monitor the head kinematics of male junior varsity and middle school teams during games. Video analysis of sensor-recorded events was used to code impact mechanism, surface and site. Junior varsity players had non-header impact rates of 0.28 per athlete-exposure (AE) and 0.37 per player-hour (PH), whereas middle school players had relatively lower non-header impact rates of 0.16 per AE and 0.25 per PH. Such impact rates fell within the large range of values reported by previous studies, which is likely affected by sensor type and recording trigger threshold. The most common non-header impact mechanism in junior varsity soccer was player contact, whereas ball-to-head was the most common non-header impact mechanism in middle school soccer. Non-header impacts for junior varsity players had median peak kinematics of 31.0 g and 17.4 rad/s. Non-header impacts for middle school players had median peak kinematics of 40.6 g and 16.2 rad/s. For non-header impacts, ball impacts to the rear of the head the highest peak kinematics recorded by the sensor. Such data provide targets for future efforts in injury prevention, such as officiating efforts to control player-to-player contact.
{"title":"NON-HEADER IMPACT EXPOSURE AND KINEMATICS OF MALE YOUTH SOCCER PLAYERS.","authors":"Declan A Patton, Colin M Huber, Susan S Margulies, Christina L Master, Kristy B Arbogast","doi":"10.34107/yhpn9422.04106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34107/yhpn9422.04106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have investigated the head impact kinematics of purposeful heading in youth soccer; however, less than a third of all head injuries in youth soccer have been found to involve ball contact. The aim of the current study was to identity the head impact kinematics and exposure not associated with purposeful heading of the ball in male youth soccer. Headband-mounted sensors were used to monitor the head kinematics of male junior varsity and middle school teams during games. Video analysis of sensor-recorded events was used to code impact mechanism, surface and site. Junior varsity players had non-header impact rates of 0.28 per athlete-exposure (AE) and 0.37 per player-hour (PH), whereas middle school players had relatively lower non-header impact rates of 0.16 per AE and 0.25 per PH. Such impact rates fell within the large range of values reported by previous studies, which is likely affected by sensor type and recording trigger threshold. The most common non-header impact mechanism in junior varsity soccer was player contact, whereas ball-to-head was the most common non-header impact mechanism in middle school soccer. Non-header impacts for junior varsity players had median peak kinematics of 31.0 g and 17.4 rad/s. Non-header impacts for middle school players had median peak kinematics of 40.6 g and 16.2 rad/s. For non-header impacts, ball impacts to the rear of the head the highest peak kinematics recorded by the sensor. Such data provide targets for future efforts in injury prevention, such as officiating efforts to control player-to-player contact.</p>","PeriodicalId":75599,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical sciences instrumentation","volume":"57 2","pages":"106-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9555802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33511854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Researchers interested in evaluating the biomechanics and human factors associated with using a new product recognize that skill development with the novel design is time-dependent. A learning curve is a plot that shows the time to complete a task using the product decreases as the number of training repetitions increases. A novel thumb-operated trigger system (Iron Horse, Blackwater Worldwide™) has been developed for the AR-15 style rifle with the intent to shorten the learning curve. The purpose of this research effort is to quantify the learning curve for the new device and to compare it to that of a standard mil-spec AR-15 trigger system. A previously-trained shooter dry-fire trained with both rifle systems for twenty consecutive days alternating lower receivers each day. The rifles were equipped with a gyroscopic instrument (Mantis X™) that tracked the movement of the firearm during the trigger pull process. The instrument has a timer to record the reaction time to an auditory signal for each shot, records the magnitude and direction of movement of the firearm, and calculates an accuracy score. There was not a significant difference (p>0.05) between the thumb operated and mil-spec triggers’ cycle times. However, the accuracy scores with the thumb operated trigger were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those with the mil-spec trigger.
{"title":"HUMAN FACTORS LEARNING CURVE FOR THUMB-OPERATED TRIGGER RIFLE USING GYROSCOPIC FEEDBACK INSTRUMENTATION","authors":"David C. Paulus","doi":"10.34107/yhpn9422.04274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34107/yhpn9422.04274","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers interested in evaluating the biomechanics and human factors associated with using a new product recognize that skill development with the novel design is time-dependent. A learning curve is a plot that shows the time to complete a task using the product decreases as the number of training repetitions increases. A novel thumb-operated trigger system (Iron Horse, Blackwater Worldwide™) has been developed for the AR-15 style rifle with the intent to shorten the learning curve. The purpose of this research effort is to quantify the learning curve for the new device and to compare it to that of a standard mil-spec AR-15 trigger system. A previously-trained shooter dry-fire trained with both rifle systems for twenty consecutive days alternating lower receivers each day. The rifles were equipped with a gyroscopic instrument (Mantis X™) that tracked the movement of the firearm during the trigger pull process. The instrument has a timer to record the reaction time to an auditory signal for each shot, records the magnitude and direction of movement of the firearm, and calculates an accuracy score. There was not a significant difference (p>0.05) between the thumb operated and mil-spec triggers’ cycle times. However, the accuracy scores with the thumb operated trigger were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those with the mil-spec trigger.","PeriodicalId":75599,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical sciences instrumentation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43451198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is the preclinical, asymptomatic stage for Alzheimer’s condition, which affects a large amount of the aging population around the world. Detection of MCI condition can ensure timely intervention needed for handling the disease severity. Morphological alterations of the Lateral Ventricle (LV) are considered a significant biomarker for diagnosing MCI conditions. This work aims at analyzing the shape alterations of LV from brain Magnetic Resonance (MR) images using Rotational moment shape features and differentiating MCI conditions using Decision Tree (DT) based classification. Trans-axial brain MR images are obtained from a publicly available OASIS database. Segmentation of LV is performed using the Reaction Diffusion level set, and the results are validated against Ground Truth. Rotational moment shape features are extracted from the segmented LV images. DT is implemented for the differentiation of control and MCI subjects. Results show that Rotational moment shape features are able to capture the alterations of LV in control and MCI subjects (p<0.05). The classification model achieves a high detection accuracy of 96.73% and an F-measure of 96.82%. Hence, the proposed method can be used as an automated diagnostic tool to predict and monitor the cognitive decline in MCI subjects and can aid in disease management.
{"title":"ROTATIONAL MOMENT SHAPE FEATURE EXTRACTION AND DECISION TREE BASED DISCRIMINATION OF MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT CONDITIONS USING MR IMAGE PROCESSING","authors":"R. Dadsena, Deboleena Sadukhan, R. Swaminathan","doi":"10.34107/yhpn9422.04228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34107/yhpn9422.04228","url":null,"abstract":"Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is the preclinical, asymptomatic stage for Alzheimer’s condition, which affects a large amount of the aging population around the world. Detection of MCI condition can ensure timely intervention needed for handling the disease severity. Morphological alterations of the Lateral Ventricle (LV) are considered a significant biomarker for diagnosing MCI conditions. This work aims at analyzing the shape alterations of LV from brain Magnetic Resonance (MR) images using Rotational moment shape features and differentiating MCI conditions using Decision Tree (DT) based classification. Trans-axial brain MR images are obtained from a publicly available OASIS database. Segmentation of LV is performed using the Reaction Diffusion level set, and the results are validated against Ground Truth. Rotational moment shape features are extracted from the segmented LV images. DT is implemented for the differentiation of control and MCI subjects. Results show that Rotational moment shape features are able to capture the alterations of LV in control and MCI subjects (p<0.05). The classification model achieves a high detection accuracy of 96.73% and an F-measure of 96.82%. Hence, the proposed method can be used as an automated diagnostic tool to predict and monitor the cognitive decline in MCI subjects and can aid in disease management.","PeriodicalId":75599,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical sciences instrumentation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48381784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS) is a relatively prevalent condition that emerges after sustaining a head injury. Individuals with PCS experience prolonged impairments and distress associated with the injury which can impact the individuals’ quality of life experiences. In this retrospective chart review of refractory adult patients diagnosed with PCS and mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI), the effectiveness of Cortical Integrative Therapy (PedroCIT®) was investigated by comparing measures of postural stability, brain sequencing and timing, and self-reports of physical and psychosocial symptoms of PCS obtained before and after PedroCIT®. Multivariate and Repeated Measures General Linear Models showed improvements across the measures from before to after treatment in all subjects, highlighting the effectiveness of PedroCIT®. To further underscore the capacity of PedroCIT® to elicit improvements in patients who have been resistant to treatment prior to PedroCIT®, the duration of time that the subjects underwent PedroCIT® was compared to the duration of time since the injury to the subjects’ first PedroCIT® intervention session. The findings of this study showed significant improvements from pre- to post-treatment in postural stability, brain sequencing and timing, and self-reported symptoms for patients affected by PCS and mTBI, and treatment outcomes were largely not contingent upon the severity of the condition at the beginning of treatment. Altogether, this retrospective study suggests that refractory individuals affected by PCS and mTBI can benefit from undergoing PedroCIT® and their treatment outcomes may not be related to the degree of impairment presented at the beginning of treatment.
{"title":"CORTICAL INTEGRATIVE THERAPY EFFECTIVENESS IN THE TREATMENT OF POST-CONCUSSION SYNDROME AND MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY","authors":"V. M. Pedro, Nicole C H Lim, E. Oggero","doi":"10.34107/yhpn942204191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34107/yhpn942204191","url":null,"abstract":"Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS) is a relatively prevalent condition that emerges after sustaining a head injury. Individuals with PCS experience prolonged impairments and distress associated with the injury which can impact the individuals’ quality of life experiences. In this retrospective chart review of refractory adult patients diagnosed with PCS and mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI), the effectiveness of Cortical Integrative Therapy (PedroCIT®) was investigated by comparing measures of postural stability, brain sequencing and timing, and self-reports of physical and psychosocial symptoms of PCS obtained before and after PedroCIT®. Multivariate and Repeated Measures General Linear Models showed improvements across the measures from before to after treatment in all subjects, highlighting the effectiveness of PedroCIT®. To further underscore the capacity of PedroCIT® to elicit improvements in patients who have been resistant to treatment prior to PedroCIT®, the duration of time that the subjects underwent PedroCIT® was compared to the duration of time since the injury to the subjects’ first PedroCIT® intervention session. The findings of this study showed significant improvements from pre- to post-treatment in postural stability, brain sequencing and timing, and self-reported symptoms for patients affected by PCS and mTBI, and treatment outcomes were largely not contingent upon the severity of the condition at the beginning of treatment. Altogether, this retrospective study suggests that refractory individuals affected by PCS and mTBI can benefit from undergoing PedroCIT® and their treatment outcomes may not be related to the degree of impairment presented at the beginning of treatment.","PeriodicalId":75599,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical sciences instrumentation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48480945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pedicle screw fixations are commonly used in the treatment of spinal pathologies. For effective treatment, stable anchorage between the screw and bone is necessary. In this study, the influence of proximal and distal half angle of the screw, on the displacement of fixation and stress transfer are simulated using a 2D axisymmetric finite element model. A parametric study was performed by varying the proximal half-angle between 0° and 60° in steps of 10° and the distal half angles are considered as 30° and 40°. The material properties and boundary conditions are applied based on previous studies. Frictional contact is considered between the bone and screw. Results show that, displacement of fixation is observed to be minimum at a proximal half angle of 0° and maximum at an angle of 60°. High stress concentration is observed in first few threads with highest maximum von Mises stress at an angle of 60°. High stress transfer was obtained for proximal half-angles of 40° and 50°. It is observed that, this method might aid to develop better pedicle screws for treatment of Scoliosis.
{"title":"ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECT OF HALF ANGLE ON THE DISPLACEMENT OF PEDICLE SCREW DURING AXIAL PULL-OUT TEST IN CANCELLOUS BONE USING 2D AXISYMMETRIC FE MODEL","authors":"Harikrishna Makaram, R. Swaminathan","doi":"10.34107/yhpn9422.04153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34107/yhpn9422.04153","url":null,"abstract":"Pedicle screw fixations are commonly used in the treatment of spinal pathologies. For effective treatment, stable anchorage between the screw and bone is necessary. In this study, the influence of proximal and distal half angle of the screw, on the displacement of fixation and stress transfer are simulated using a 2D axisymmetric finite element model. A parametric study was performed by varying the proximal half-angle between 0° and 60° in steps of 10° and the distal half angles are considered as 30° and 40°. The material properties and boundary conditions are applied based on previous studies. Frictional contact is considered between the bone and screw. Results show that, displacement of fixation is observed to be minimum at a proximal half angle of 0° and maximum at an angle of 60°. High stress concentration is observed in first few threads with highest maximum von Mises stress at an angle of 60°. High stress transfer was obtained for proximal half-angles of 40° and 50°. It is observed that, this method might aid to develop better pedicle screws for treatment of Scoliosis.","PeriodicalId":75599,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical sciences instrumentation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48879364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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