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Effects of calcium amendments on hydraulic conductivity and sodium content of brine-impacted soils 钙添加剂对盐水侵蚀土壤的水导率和钠含量的影响
IF 1.3 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1002/agg2.20556
A. R. Peterson, T. M. DeSutter, A. L. M. Daigh, M. A. Meehan, N. Derby

High concentrations of sodium chloride dominate oilfield produced waters (brine) of the Williston Basin. When accidental spills of produced waters occur, there is an immediate need to reduce concentrations of chloride, to protect surface and groundwater systems and to reduce concentrations of sodium (Na) in soil to prevent any unwanted swelling and dispersion in soil. Swelling and dispersion of soils will likely occur if sodium adsorption ratio values are too high and the electrical conductivity drops below a certain threshold that is required to maintain flocculation. To prevent this, a calcium (Ca) amendment can be applied to replace Na with Ca on soil exchange sites. Historically, gypsum has been the most common Ca amendment used for improving brine impacted soils. Flue gas desulfurization gypsum is available in North Dakota but is still a sparingly soluble amendment. The purpose of this research was to investigate the use of calcium acetate (Ca-Ac) as an amendment for brine-impacted soils as compared to gypsum. Ca-Ac has a similar concentration of Ca compared to gypsum but is over 100 times more soluble than gypsum. This laboratory experiment will compare how varying levels of gypsum and Ca-Ac can influence soil hydraulic conductivity, and chemical and physical properties when mixed with oilfield brine-impacted soils.

威利斯顿盆地的油田采出水(盐水)主要含有高浓度的氯化钠。当发生采出水意外泄漏时,需要立即降低氯化物的浓度,以保护地表水和地下水系统,并降低土壤中钠 (Na) 的浓度,防止土壤中出现任何不必要的膨胀和分散。如果钠吸附比值过高,导电率下降到维持絮凝所需的某个临界值以下,土壤就可能发生膨胀和分散。为防止出现这种情况,可使用钙(Ca)添加剂,在土壤交换位点上用 Ca 取代 Na。从历史上看,石膏一直是用于改善受盐水影响土壤的最常用的 Ca 修正剂。北达科他州有烟气脱硫石膏,但仍然是一种溶解度较低的添加剂。本研究的目的是调查醋酸钙(Ca-Ac)与石膏相比在盐水影响土壤中的应用情况。Ca-Ac 的钙浓度与石膏相似,但溶解度是石膏的 100 多倍。本实验室实验将比较不同含量的石膏和 Ca-Ac 与油田受盐水影响的土壤混合后如何影响土壤的水导率以及化学和物理特性。
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引用次数: 0
Zinc supply effects on wheat production in a low precipitation zone 锌供应对低降水区小麦生产的影响
IF 1.3 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1002/agg2.20558
L. K. Lutcher, C. H. Hagerty, D. R. Kroese

Zinc (Zn) fertilization of hard red and soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is uncommon in the low precipitation zone of the inland Pacific Northwest. It is uncommon because there have been no indications of deficiency. Soil test data, however, show Zn levels have been declining over time. We conducted a four-site-year experiment to evaluate effects of fertilization on early-season tissue Zn concentration (TZC), dry matter accumulation (DMA), Zn uptake (ZNU), the grain test weight (TWT), protein content (PRO), and yield (YLD) of two regionally adapted cultivars. Planting occurred late in September or early in October. Zinc fertilizer, placed with the seed while planting, was applied at rates of 0 and 5 kg Zn ha−1. Application of 5 kg Zn ha−1 increased TZC and ZNU at one of two sites. There were corresponding trends of increased DMA and improved YLD. Response to fertilization occurred on a relatively shallow soil that had a diethylenetriamine-pentaacidic acid–extractable Zn test level of 0.3 mg kg−1.

在西北太平洋内陆低降水量地区,对硬红冬小麦和软白冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)施锌肥并不常见。之所以不常见,是因为没有迹象表明小麦缺锌。然而,土壤测试数据显示,锌含量随着时间的推移一直在下降。我们进行了一项为期四年的试验,以评估施肥对早季组织锌浓度 (TZC)、干物质积累 (DMA)、锌吸收 (ZNU)、谷物测试重量 (TWT)、蛋白质含量 (PRO) 和两个适应该地区的栽培品种的产量 (YLD) 的影响。种植时间为 9 月底或 10 月初。锌肥在播种时与种子一起施入,施肥量为 0 和 5 kg Zn ha-1。在两个地点中的一个地点,施用 5 千克锌每公顷可增加 TZC 和 ZNU。相应的趋势是 DMA 增加,YLD 提高。施肥反应发生在相对较浅的土壤中,该土壤的二乙烯三胺五酸锌测试水平为 0.3 毫克/千克。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of dairy manure versus compost effects on short-term nitrogen mineralization and microbial biomass in organic annual forage production system 比较奶牛粪便和堆肥对有机年度饲草生产系统中短期氮矿化和微生物生物量的影响
IF 1.3 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1002/agg2.20555
Tunsisa T. Hurisso, Jessica G. Davis, Frank H. Stonaker, Daniel A. Goldhamer, Joe E. Brummer

Since the adoption of national rules for organic agriculture in the United States, there has been a continued interest in meeting crop nitrogen (N) needs using animal manure. However, a lack of consistent information on the N supplying potential of manure creates uncertainty for farmers and often leads to overapplication, which can negatively impact both crop productivity and environmental sustainability. We investigated short-term N mineralization and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) following dairy manure (DM) and its compost (DMC) application to organic annual forage production system. N mineralization was determined based on the change in mineral N during a ≤75-day in-field soil core-resin bag incubation. DM and DMC application rates were targeted to supply 123 and 56 kg potentially plant-available nitrogen (PAN) ha−1 in the first and second year of application, respectively. Net N mineralization exhibited a range of 42–277 kg N ha−1 in Year 1 and 31–54 kg N ha−1 in Year 2 across amendment treatments and increased over the course of incubation duration in both years. The proportion of total N added that was mineralized in Year 1 was greater from DM than DMC (≤35% vs. ≤7%, respectively), suggesting the inability of DMC to supply optimal levels of N to annual forages in the first crop season. In Year 2, net N mineralization did not differ between DM and DMC, but was significantly less in the unamended control than both amendments. MBC and MBN were more influenced by seasonality and soil sampling depth than by organic amendments.

自美国通过有机农业国家规则以来,人们对利用动物粪便满足作物氮(N)需求的兴趣一直不减。然而,由于缺乏有关粪肥供氮潜力的一致信息,给农民带来了不确定性,往往导致过量施用,从而对作物产量和环境可持续性造成负面影响。我们研究了有机一年生牧草生产系统施用奶牛粪便(DM)及其堆肥(DMC)后的短期氮矿化度以及微生物生物量碳(MBC)和氮(MBN)。氮矿化度是根据≤75 天的田间土壤核心-树脂袋培养过程中矿物氮的变化确定的。DM 和 DMC 施用量的目标是在施用的第一年和第二年分别提供每公顷 123 千克和 56 千克潜在植物可利用氮(PAN)。在不同的改良处理中,第一年的净氮矿化度范围为每公顷 42-277 千克氮,第二年为每公顷 31-54 千克氮,并且这两年的净氮矿化度都随着培养时间的延长而增加。第 1 年,添加的总氮矿化比例中,DM 的比例高于 DMC(分别为 ≤35% 和 ≤7%),这表明 DMC 无法在第一个作物季节为一年生牧草提供最佳水平的氮。在第二年,DM 和 DMC 的净氮矿化度没有差别,但未加改良剂的对照组的净氮矿化度明显低于两种改良剂。与有机添加剂相比,MBC 和 MBN 受季节性和土壤取样深度的影响更大。
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引用次数: 0
The response of a sorghum sudangrass cover crop to residual nitrogen and its relationship with spectral sensors 高粱苏丹草覆盖作物对残留氮的反应及其与光谱传感器的关系
IF 1.3 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-08-04 DOI: 10.1002/agg2.20557
Julia Barra Netto-Ferreira, Diego Arruda Huggins de Sá Leitão, Winniefred Griffin, Lakesh K. Sharma, Gabriel Maltais-Landry

A sorghum sudangrass (SSG) cover crop grown after a cash crop could take up residual nitrogen (N) before it is lost. As in-field monitoring of SSG properties is laborious, predicting biomass and N concentrations with spectral sensors could be useful. At two sites in Live Oak, Florida, we evaluated the response of SSG to residual N from previous N fertilization and the performance of handheld and satellite sensors in estimating SSG properties. We quantified aboveground biomass, plant N, leaf greenness (NDVI), net potential N mineralization (PNM), and soil permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC). Residual N did not affect SSG properties, PNM was highest at the highest N input rate in one site, and soil POXC was correlated with SSG properties (biomass and plant N). NDVI measured from a handheld sensor better predicted SSG properties than satellite imagery in these small plots, suggesting a greater potential to be a useful management tool.

在经济作物之后种植高粱苏丹草(SSG)覆盖作物,可以在氮素流失之前吸收残余氮素(N)。由于在田间监测高粱菅草的特性非常费力,因此利用光谱传感器预测生物量和氮浓度可能非常有用。在佛罗里达州活橡树的两个地点,我们评估了 SSG 对之前氮肥施用后残留氮的反应,以及手持式传感器和卫星传感器在估计 SSG 特性方面的性能。我们对地上生物量、植物氮、叶片绿度(NDVI)、净潜在氮矿化度(PNM)和土壤高锰酸盐可氧化碳(POXC)进行了量化。残留氮不影响 SSG 特性,在一个地点,氮输入率最高时 PNM 最高,土壤 POXC 与 SSG 特性(生物量和植物氮)相关。在这些小地块中,通过手持传感器测量的 NDVI 比卫星图像能更好地预测 SSG 特性,这表明它更有可能成为一种有用的管理工具。
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引用次数: 0
Planting trees in buffer strips for attenuating phosphorus runoff in Jiangsu Province, China 中国江苏省在缓冲带植树以减少磷径流
IF 1.3 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-08-04 DOI: 10.1002/agg2.20513
Kozma Naka, Yongbo Wu, Michael Kennedy, Jing Yang, Ying Zhu, Anmin Mao, Jian Lü

In the last four decades, the Jiangsu province, like the rest of China, has undergone rapid economic development coupled with a rapid increase in environmental pollution. Freshwater ecosystems have been particularly affected. In Lake Tai, China's third-largest freshwater lake by volume, water quality has been severely reduced. There is a renewed interest in establishing riparian buffer strips in China as a conservation practice for mitigating agricultural non-point source pollution. To study the effect of riparian buffers on phosphorus attenuation, eight 50 m × 20 m plots were established between a rice farm and the shore of Lake Tai in China, with the 20 m width facing the lake shore. They were planted with hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides × euramericana), hybrid cypress (Taxodium ascendens × mucronatum), or a mixture of both at densities of 2 m × 3 m, 2 m × 5 m, or 5 m × 5 m, while one plot was left as a control. Samples collected from soil, tree leaves, and groundwater during 2014–2018 were analyzed for multiple forms of phosphorus. Results indicated that riparian buffer width and time (year) were the most significant factors of phosphorus attenuation on all plots. Tree density had a minor effect, with medium density being the most effective, and we found negligible differences among hybrid tree species on attenuating phosphorus. Farmers should use densely vegetated buffer strips at least 15 m wide to ensure a significant reduction in nutrient runoff. Species selection should be based on market value and ecological benefits.

在过去的四十年里,江苏省与中国其他地区一样,在经济快速发展的同时,环境污染也在迅速加剧。淡水生态系统受到的影响尤为严重。太湖是中国第三大淡水湖,水质严重下降。在中国建立河岸缓冲带作为减轻农业非点源污染的一种保护措施,再次引起了人们的关注。为了研究河岸缓冲带对磷衰减的影响,我们在中国的一个水稻农场和太湖湖岸之间建立了八个 50 米 × 20 米的地块,其中 20 米宽的地块面向湖岸。这些地块分别种植了杂交白杨(Populus deltoides × euramericana)、杂交柏树(Taxodium ascendens × mucronatum)或这两种树的混种,密度分别为 2 m × 3 m、2 m × 5 m 或 5 m × 5 m,同时留下一个地块作为对照。对 2014-2018 年间采集的土壤、树叶和地下水样本进行了多种形式的磷分析。结果表明,河岸缓冲区宽度和时间(年份)是所有地块磷衰减的最重要因素。树木密度的影响较小,中等密度的树木最有效,而且我们发现杂交树种在减磷方面的差异可以忽略不计。农民应使用植被茂密的缓冲带,宽度至少为 15 米,以确保显著减少营养物质径流。树种选择应以市场价值和生态效益为基础。
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引用次数: 0
Efficacy, crop response, and economics of alternatives to glyphosate for pre-plant weed control in small grains 草甘膦替代品在小粒谷物播种前除草的功效、作物反应和经济性
IF 1.3 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-08-04 DOI: 10.1002/agg2.20551
Chandra L.-M. Montgomery, Jared A. Spackman, Kurtis L. Schroeder, Albert T. Adjesiwor

The value of glyphosate to growers practicing minimum or no-till farming has been primarily a function of three factors: broad-spectrum weed control, little to no carryover effect, and cost effectiveness. A 2-year field study was conducted in 2021 and 2022 at the University of Idaho Research and Extension Centers at Kimberly and Aberdeen, ID, to evaluate the efficacy of alternative pre-plant burndown herbicide treatments as compared to glyphosate treatment, the industry standard in small grain production systems. Herbicide cost comparison and crop injury observation were also conducted. Most herbicide treatments provided $ ge $90% control of the predominant weed species at 3 weeks after herbicide application. At least six different herbicide treatments had an equivalent cost to that of glyphosate at $26.50 ha−1. No observable damage from herbicide treatments was observed and crop yield was not affected by the treatments. These factors indicate that there are alternatives to pre-plant burndown herbicides that are equally effective as glyphosate. With combinations of herbicides, each having a different site of action, weed control can be achieved while simultaneously reducing the risk of herbicide resistance.

草甘膦对实行少耕或免耕耕作的种植者的价值主要体现在三个方面:广谱除草、几乎无残留效应和成本效益。2021 年和 2022 年,爱达荷大学在爱达荷州金伯利和阿伯丁的研究与推广中心开展了一项为期两年的田间研究,以评估与草甘膦处理(小谷物生产系统的行业标准)相比,其他播种前除草剂处理方法的效果。此外,还进行了除草剂成本比较和作物伤害观察。施用除草剂 3 周后,大多数除草剂处理对主要杂草种类的控制率≥ $ge $90%。至少有六种不同的除草剂处理与草甘膦的成本相当(26.50 美元/公顷-1)。除草剂处理没有造成明显的损害,作物产量也没有受到影响。这些因素表明,播种前除草剂有与草甘膦同样有效的替代品。通过组合使用除草剂(每种除草剂都有不同的作用部位),可以在控制杂草的同时降低除草剂产生抗药性的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of split nitrogen applications on nitrate leaching and maize yield in irrigated loamy sand soils of Northeast Nebraska 内布拉斯加州东北部灌溉壤质砂土中分次施氮对硝酸盐沥滤和玉米产量的影响
IF 1.3 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1002/agg2.20554
Arshdeep Singh, Daran Rudnick, Daniel D. Snow, Christopher Proctor, Laila Puntel, Javed Iqbal

Little information is available on optimizing the number of nitrogen (N) splits based on nitrate (NO3-N) leaching and maize yield in sandy soils. To address this gap, we evaluated the impact of multiple N splits (2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-N splits) on NO3-N leaching and maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield in irrigated loamy sand soil at a producer site in the Bazile Groundwater Management Area of Northeast Nebraska. Porous suction cup lysimeters were installed at a depth of 120 cm to collect pore water samples from 23 leaching events in 2021, a dry year. Increasing the number of N-splits did not affect the pore-water NO3-N concentration; however, it was 169%, 152%, 150%, and 129% higher in 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-N split treatments compared to control, that is, without N application. Though the 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-N splits had 110%, 71%, 120%, and 91% higher area-based NO3-N leaching than the control, less deep percolation and more evapotranspiration in control led to no significant differences in area-based NO3-N leaching among all treatments. All N-splits resulted in higher maize yield, nitrogen use efficiency, plant N uptake, harvest index, and aboveground biomass than control; however, the number of N-splits did not affect these parameters. The inclusion of environmental cost reduced the return to nitrogen by 92–143 $ ha−1 across all N-split treatments but did not significantly affect the differences among the splits. Overall, the results indicate that increasing the number of N-splits does not provide agronomic, economic, and environmental benefits in irrigated maize fields during a dry year.

关于根据硝酸盐(NO3-N)淋失和沙质土壤中玉米产量来优化氮(N)分配次数的信息很少。为了填补这一空白,我们在内布拉斯加州东北部巴兹尔地下水管理区的一个生产基地,评估了多种氮分施(2-、3-、4-和 5-N 分施)对灌溉壤质沙土中 NO3-N 沥滤和玉米(玉米)籽粒产量的影响。在 120 厘米深处安装了多孔吸盘溶样器,以收集 2021 年(干旱年)23 次沥滤事件的孔隙水样本。增加氮分施次数并未影响孔隙水 NO3-N 浓度;但与对照组(即不施氮)相比,2-、3-、4-和 5-N 分施处理的 NO3-N 浓度分别高出 169%、152%、150% 和 129%。虽然 2-、3-、4-和 5-N 分离处理的 NO3-N 沥滤面积分别比对照高出 110%、71%、120% 和 91%,但对照中较少的深层渗滤和较多的蒸腾作用导致所有处理的 NO3-N 沥滤面积没有显著差异。与对照相比,所有分氮肥处理的玉米产量、氮利用效率、植物氮吸收量、收获指数和地上生物量都更高;然而,分氮肥处理的次数并不影响这些参数。在所有氮肥分施处理中,环境成本的加入使氮肥回报率降低了 92-143 美元/公顷,但并未显著影响分施处理之间的差异。总之,研究结果表明,在干旱年份,增加分氮次数并不能为灌溉玉米田带来农艺、经济和环境效益。
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引用次数: 0
Crop type classification, trends, and patterns of central California agricultural fields from 2005 to 2020 2005 至 2020 年加州中部农田的作物类型分类、趋势和模式
IF 1.3 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1002/agg2.20553
Britt W. Smith, Christopher E. Soulard, Jessica J. Walker

California produces many key agricultural products in the United States. Current geospatial agricultural datasets are limited in mapping accuracy, spatial context, or observation period. This study uses machine learning and high-resolution imagery to produce a time series of crop maps to assess crop type trends and patterns across central California from 2005 to 2020. National Agriculture Imagery Program and Landsat imagery were used to classify nine crop types that are common in the study region: grain crops, field crops, rice, citrus and subtropical, deciduous fruit and nut, vineyard, berry and vegetable, pasture, and fallow/young perennial crop types. To create labeled data, we sampled 1253 fields and manually identified crop types for each examined year using high-resolution imagery and Landsat normalized difference vegetation index time series. We applied a random forest machine learning algorithm in Google Earth Engine. Results show that the mean overall classification accuracy of the nine-class map was 93.1%, with individual accuracies ranging from 99.3% (rice) to 89.5% (fallow/young perennial). Mann–Kendall trend tests showed significant (p < 0.05) declines in field crop and pasture area during the study period, while deciduous fruit and nut, citrus and subtropical, and fallow/young perennial crop types experienced significant increases. At an aggregate level, there was a general shift from annual crop types to perennial crop types. These data provide a 16-year time span of spatially explicit crop type classifications, trends, and patterns in central California that can be used to aid managers and decision makers for resource planning or hazard mitigation.

加利福尼亚州生产美国的许多重要农产品。目前的地理空间农业数据集在制图精度、空间环境或观察期方面都很有限。本研究利用机器学习和高分辨率图像绘制作物时间序列图,以评估 2005 年至 2020 年加州中部的作物类型趋势和模式。我们利用国家农业成像计划和大地遥感卫星图像对研究区域常见的九种作物类型进行了分类:粮食作物、大田作物、水稻、柑橘和亚热带作物、落叶水果和坚果、葡萄园、浆果和蔬菜、牧草以及休耕/多年生幼苗作物类型。为了创建标签数据,我们对 1253 块田地进行了采样,并使用高分辨率图像和大地遥感卫星归一化差异植被指数时间序列手动识别了每个考察年份的作物类型。我们在谷歌地球引擎中应用了随机森林机器学习算法。结果表明,九级地图的平均总体分类准确率为 93.1%,单个准确率从 99.3%(水稻)到 89.5%(休耕/多年生幼苗)不等。Mann-Kendall 趋势检验显示,在研究期间,大田作物和牧场面积显著减少(p < 0.05),而落叶水果和坚果、柑橘和亚热带以及休耕/多年生幼苗作物类型则显著增加。从总体上看,一年生作物类型普遍向多年生作物类型转变。这些数据提供了加州中部 16 年的空间作物类型分类、趋势和模式,可用于帮助管理者和决策者进行资源规划或减灾。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating tradeoffs in perennial ryegrass turfgrass performance and seed yield capacity in the US Midwest 调查美国中西部多年生黑麦草草坪性能和种子产量能力的权衡
IF 1.3 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1002/agg2.20520
Garett C. Heineck, Nancy J. Ehlke, Eric Watkins

Understanding the trade-offs between improving turfgrass performance and seed production capacity would improve acceptance and accelerate the release of new perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars. An experiment was designed to measure the turfgrass quality, seed yield, and component traits among 20 perennial ryegrass entries grown in turfgrass and seed production swards at two locations in Minnesota, a seed production region of the United States. Turfgrass quality scores, when averaged across collection dates, were not strongly correlated with seed yield at either location. However, data from several individual turfgrass quality rating dates were moderately correlated with seed yield at both locations (p < 0.100). Within the dates that correlated with seed yield, turfgrass component traits were regressed against quality scores. Crown rust severity, color, and density were important in the first year, and winter injury and texture were important in the second year. Plots with more fertile tillers were associated with higher seed yield and lower turfgrass quality (p < 0.050), but there was no relationship between entries in the two growing environments for fertile tiller production (p > 0.250). Entries that exhibited a faster vertical growth rate in turfgrass swards tended to mature earlier in seed plots, a trait that was correlated with higher seed yield (p < 0.001). However, the vertical turfgrass growth rate was not directly correlated with seed yield (p > 0.800). Few tradeoffs between the growing environments were found under the growing conditions and germplasm employed.

了解提高草坪草性能与种子生产能力之间的权衡将提高人们对多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)新栽培品种的接受程度并加快其投放市场的速度。我们设计了一项实验,在美国种子生产地区明尼苏达州的两个地点,测量 20 个多年生黑麦草品种在草坪和种子生产中的草坪草质量、种子产量和组分性状。在这两个地方,草坪草质量得分(各采集日期的平均值)与种子产量的相关性都不大。然而,在这两个地点,几个单独的草坪草质量评级日期的数据与种子产量呈中度相关(p 0.250)。在草坪草种植地中,垂直生长速度较快的草种往往成熟较早,这一特性与较高的种子产量相关(p 0.800)。在采用的生长条件和种质条件下,几乎没有发现生长环境之间的权衡。
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引用次数: 0
In situ impacts of late-season low temperatures on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fiber quality and yield on the Texas High Plains 晚季低温对得克萨斯高原棉花(Gossypium hirsutum)纤维质量和产量的现场影响
IF 1.3 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1002/agg2.20537
Brooke Shumate, Murilo Maeda, Jourdan Bell, John Wanjura, Rebekah Ortiz-Pustejovsky, Brendan Kelly

Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) production is important for the economy of the Texas High Plains (THP). This region of Texas is semi-arid and regularly experiences harsh weather conditions that can be difficult to predict. Some years, a cold front will pass through the area before local cotton crops have reached maturity and there are concerns that fiber maturation stops after these cold weather events. In 2020, fiber samples were collected at two locations on the THP (representing northern and southern cotton producing regions) before, during, and after a cold front (<10°C) moved through the area in September, which is a critical period for fiber maturation. Single boll samples were taken at New Deal, TX (representing a southern location) in the first position from nodes 5, 8, and 11. At Etter, TX (representing a northern location), 30-boll bulk samples were taken from first position bolls on nodes 5, 8, and 11. Advanced fiber information system testing determined the fiber quality of single boll samples. Lint weight in both locations continued to increase despite the cool temperatures. At New Deal, upper quartile length, length, short fiber content, seed coat neps, fineness, and maturity all saw significant improvements from before to after the cold front. This indicates that the bolls continued developing after exposure to cool temperatures on the THP.

陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum)生产对得克萨斯高原(THP)的经济非常重要。得克萨斯州的这一地区属于半干旱地区,经常出现难以预测的恶劣天气。有些年份,冷锋会在当地棉花作物成熟之前穿过该地区,人们担心纤维成熟会在这些寒冷天气事件之后停止。2020 年,在 9 月冷锋(<10°C)经过该地区之前、期间和之后,即纤维成熟的关键时期,在 THP 的两个地点(分别代表北部和南部棉花产区)采集了纤维样本。在德克萨斯州新德尔(代表南部地区),从第 5、8 和 11 节的第一个位置采集了单个棉铃样本。在德克萨斯州的埃特(代表北部地区),从第 5、8 和 11 节上的第一位棉铃上采集了 30 个棉铃大块样本。先进的纤维信息系统测试确定了单个棉铃样品的纤维质量。尽管气温较低,但两地的棉绒重量都在继续增加。在新政,上四分位长度、长度、短纤维含量、种皮棉结、细度和成熟度从冷锋前到冷锋后都有显著提高。这表明,在 THP 上,棉铃在经历低温后继续发育。
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Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment
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