A. R. Peterson, T. M. DeSutter, A. L. M. Daigh, M. A. Meehan, N. Derby
High concentrations of sodium chloride dominate oilfield produced waters (brine) of the Williston Basin. When accidental spills of produced waters occur, there is an immediate need to reduce concentrations of chloride, to protect surface and groundwater systems and to reduce concentrations of sodium (Na) in soil to prevent any unwanted swelling and dispersion in soil. Swelling and dispersion of soils will likely occur if sodium adsorption ratio values are too high and the electrical conductivity drops below a certain threshold that is required to maintain flocculation. To prevent this, a calcium (Ca) amendment can be applied to replace Na with Ca on soil exchange sites. Historically, gypsum has been the most common Ca amendment used for improving brine impacted soils. Flue gas desulfurization gypsum is available in North Dakota but is still a sparingly soluble amendment. The purpose of this research was to investigate the use of calcium acetate (Ca-Ac) as an amendment for brine-impacted soils as compared to gypsum. Ca-Ac has a similar concentration of Ca compared to gypsum but is over 100 times more soluble than gypsum. This laboratory experiment will compare how varying levels of gypsum and Ca-Ac can influence soil hydraulic conductivity, and chemical and physical properties when mixed with oilfield brine-impacted soils.
威利斯顿盆地的油田采出水(盐水)主要含有高浓度的氯化钠。当发生采出水意外泄漏时,需要立即降低氯化物的浓度,以保护地表水和地下水系统,并降低土壤中钠 (Na) 的浓度,防止土壤中出现任何不必要的膨胀和分散。如果钠吸附比值过高,导电率下降到维持絮凝所需的某个临界值以下,土壤就可能发生膨胀和分散。为防止出现这种情况,可使用钙(Ca)添加剂,在土壤交换位点上用 Ca 取代 Na。从历史上看,石膏一直是用于改善受盐水影响土壤的最常用的 Ca 修正剂。北达科他州有烟气脱硫石膏,但仍然是一种溶解度较低的添加剂。本研究的目的是调查醋酸钙(Ca-Ac)与石膏相比在盐水影响土壤中的应用情况。Ca-Ac 的钙浓度与石膏相似,但溶解度是石膏的 100 多倍。本实验室实验将比较不同含量的石膏和 Ca-Ac 与油田受盐水影响的土壤混合后如何影响土壤的水导率以及化学和物理特性。
{"title":"Effects of calcium amendments on hydraulic conductivity and sodium content of brine-impacted soils","authors":"A. R. Peterson, T. M. DeSutter, A. L. M. Daigh, M. A. Meehan, N. Derby","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20556","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High concentrations of sodium chloride dominate oilfield produced waters (brine) of the Williston Basin. When accidental spills of produced waters occur, there is an immediate need to reduce concentrations of chloride, to protect surface and groundwater systems and to reduce concentrations of sodium (Na) in soil to prevent any unwanted swelling and dispersion in soil. Swelling and dispersion of soils will likely occur if sodium adsorption ratio values are too high and the electrical conductivity drops below a certain threshold that is required to maintain flocculation. To prevent this, a calcium (Ca) amendment can be applied to replace Na with Ca on soil exchange sites. Historically, gypsum has been the most common Ca amendment used for improving brine impacted soils. Flue gas desulfurization gypsum is available in North Dakota but is still a sparingly soluble amendment. The purpose of this research was to investigate the use of calcium acetate (Ca-Ac) as an amendment for brine-impacted soils as compared to gypsum. Ca-Ac has a similar concentration of Ca compared to gypsum but is over 100 times more soluble than gypsum. This laboratory experiment will compare how varying levels of gypsum and Ca-Ac can influence soil hydraulic conductivity, and chemical and physical properties when mixed with oilfield brine-impacted soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20556","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142041696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zinc (Zn) fertilization of hard red and soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is uncommon in the low precipitation zone of the inland Pacific Northwest. It is uncommon because there have been no indications of deficiency. Soil test data, however, show Zn levels have been declining over time. We conducted a four-site-year experiment to evaluate effects of fertilization on early-season tissue Zn concentration (TZC), dry matter accumulation (DMA), Zn uptake (ZNU), the grain test weight (TWT), protein content (PRO), and yield (YLD) of two regionally adapted cultivars. Planting occurred late in September or early in October. Zinc fertilizer, placed with the seed while planting, was applied at rates of 0 and 5 kg Zn ha−1. Application of 5 kg Zn ha−1 increased TZC and ZNU at one of two sites. There were corresponding trends of increased DMA and improved YLD. Response to fertilization occurred on a relatively shallow soil that had a diethylenetriamine-pentaacidic acid–extractable Zn test level of 0.3 mg kg−1.
{"title":"Zinc supply effects on wheat production in a low precipitation zone","authors":"L. K. Lutcher, C. H. Hagerty, D. R. Kroese","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20558","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Zinc (Zn) fertilization of hard red and soft white winter wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) is uncommon in the low precipitation zone of the inland Pacific Northwest. It is uncommon because there have been no indications of deficiency. Soil test data, however, show Zn levels have been declining over time. We conducted a four-site-year experiment to evaluate effects of fertilization on early-season tissue Zn concentration (TZC), dry matter accumulation (DMA), Zn uptake (ZNU), the grain test weight (TWT), protein content (PRO), and yield (YLD) of two regionally adapted cultivars. Planting occurred late in September or early in October. Zinc fertilizer, placed with the seed while planting, was applied at rates of 0 and 5 kg Zn ha<sup>−1</sup>. Application of 5 kg Zn ha<sup>−1</sup> increased TZC and ZNU at one of two sites. There were corresponding trends of increased DMA and improved YLD. Response to fertilization occurred on a relatively shallow soil that had a diethylenetriamine-pentaacidic acid–extractable Zn test level of 0.3 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20558","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tunsisa T. Hurisso, Jessica G. Davis, Frank H. Stonaker, Daniel A. Goldhamer, Joe E. Brummer
Since the adoption of national rules for organic agriculture in the United States, there has been a continued interest in meeting crop nitrogen (N) needs using animal manure. However, a lack of consistent information on the N supplying potential of manure creates uncertainty for farmers and often leads to overapplication, which can negatively impact both crop productivity and environmental sustainability. We investigated short-term N mineralization and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) following dairy manure (DM) and its compost (DMC) application to organic annual forage production system. N mineralization was determined based on the change in mineral N during a ≤75-day in-field soil core-resin bag incubation. DM and DMC application rates were targeted to supply 123 and 56 kg potentially plant-available nitrogen (PAN) ha−1 in the first and second year of application, respectively. Net N mineralization exhibited a range of 42–277 kg N ha−1 in Year 1 and 31–54 kg N ha−1 in Year 2 across amendment treatments and increased over the course of incubation duration in both years. The proportion of total N added that was mineralized in Year 1 was greater from DM than DMC (≤35% vs. ≤7%, respectively), suggesting the inability of DMC to supply optimal levels of N to annual forages in the first crop season. In Year 2, net N mineralization did not differ between DM and DMC, but was significantly less in the unamended control than both amendments. MBC and MBN were more influenced by seasonality and soil sampling depth than by organic amendments.
{"title":"Comparison of dairy manure versus compost effects on short-term nitrogen mineralization and microbial biomass in organic annual forage production system","authors":"Tunsisa T. Hurisso, Jessica G. Davis, Frank H. Stonaker, Daniel A. Goldhamer, Joe E. Brummer","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20555","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since the adoption of national rules for organic agriculture in the United States, there has been a continued interest in meeting crop nitrogen (N) needs using animal manure. However, a lack of consistent information on the N supplying potential of manure creates uncertainty for farmers and often leads to overapplication, which can negatively impact both crop productivity and environmental sustainability. We investigated short-term N mineralization and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) following dairy manure (DM) and its compost (DMC) application to organic annual forage production system. N mineralization was determined based on the change in mineral N during a ≤75-day in-field soil core-resin bag incubation. DM and DMC application rates were targeted to supply 123 and 56 kg potentially plant-available nitrogen (PAN) ha<sup>−1</sup> in the first and second year of application, respectively. Net N mineralization exhibited a range of 42–277 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> in Year 1 and 31–54 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> in Year 2 across amendment treatments and increased over the course of incubation duration in both years. The proportion of total N added that was mineralized in Year 1 was greater from DM than DMC (≤35% vs. ≤7%, respectively), suggesting the inability of DMC to supply optimal levels of N to annual forages in the first crop season. In Year 2, net N mineralization did not differ between DM and DMC, but was significantly less in the unamended control than both amendments. MBC and MBN were more influenced by seasonality and soil sampling depth than by organic amendments.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20555","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141980208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julia Barra Netto-Ferreira, Diego Arruda Huggins de Sá Leitão, Winniefred Griffin, Lakesh K. Sharma, Gabriel Maltais-Landry
A sorghum sudangrass (SSG) cover crop grown after a cash crop could take up residual nitrogen (N) before it is lost. As in-field monitoring of SSG properties is laborious, predicting biomass and N concentrations with spectral sensors could be useful. At two sites in Live Oak, Florida, we evaluated the response of SSG to residual N from previous N fertilization and the performance of handheld and satellite sensors in estimating SSG properties. We quantified aboveground biomass, plant N, leaf greenness (NDVI), net potential N mineralization (PNM), and soil permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC). Residual N did not affect SSG properties, PNM was highest at the highest N input rate in one site, and soil POXC was correlated with SSG properties (biomass and plant N). NDVI measured from a handheld sensor better predicted SSG properties than satellite imagery in these small plots, suggesting a greater potential to be a useful management tool.
{"title":"The response of a sorghum sudangrass cover crop to residual nitrogen and its relationship with spectral sensors","authors":"Julia Barra Netto-Ferreira, Diego Arruda Huggins de Sá Leitão, Winniefred Griffin, Lakesh K. Sharma, Gabriel Maltais-Landry","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20557","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A sorghum sudangrass (SSG) cover crop grown after a cash crop could take up residual nitrogen (N) before it is lost. As in-field monitoring of SSG properties is laborious, predicting biomass and N concentrations with spectral sensors could be useful. At two sites in Live Oak, Florida, we evaluated the response of SSG to residual N from previous N fertilization and the performance of handheld and satellite sensors in estimating SSG properties. We quantified aboveground biomass, plant N, leaf greenness (NDVI), net potential N mineralization (PNM), and soil permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC). Residual N did not affect SSG properties, PNM was highest at the highest N input rate in one site, and soil POXC was correlated with SSG properties (biomass and plant N). NDVI measured from a handheld sensor better predicted SSG properties than satellite imagery in these small plots, suggesting a greater potential to be a useful management tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20557","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the last four decades, the Jiangsu province, like the rest of China, has undergone rapid economic development coupled with a rapid increase in environmental pollution. Freshwater ecosystems have been particularly affected. In Lake Tai, China's third-largest freshwater lake by volume, water quality has been severely reduced. There is a renewed interest in establishing riparian buffer strips in China as a conservation practice for mitigating agricultural non-point source pollution. To study the effect of riparian buffers on phosphorus attenuation, eight 50 m × 20 m plots were established between a rice farm and the shore of Lake Tai in China, with the 20 m width facing the lake shore. They were planted with hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides × euramericana), hybrid cypress (Taxodium ascendens × mucronatum), or a mixture of both at densities of 2 m × 3 m, 2 m × 5 m, or 5 m × 5 m, while one plot was left as a control. Samples collected from soil, tree leaves, and groundwater during 2014–2018 were analyzed for multiple forms of phosphorus. Results indicated that riparian buffer width and time (year) were the most significant factors of phosphorus attenuation on all plots. Tree density had a minor effect, with medium density being the most effective, and we found negligible differences among hybrid tree species on attenuating phosphorus. Farmers should use densely vegetated buffer strips at least 15 m wide to ensure a significant reduction in nutrient runoff. Species selection should be based on market value and ecological benefits.
在过去的四十年里,江苏省与中国其他地区一样,在经济快速发展的同时,环境污染也在迅速加剧。淡水生态系统受到的影响尤为严重。太湖是中国第三大淡水湖,水质严重下降。在中国建立河岸缓冲带作为减轻农业非点源污染的一种保护措施,再次引起了人们的关注。为了研究河岸缓冲带对磷衰减的影响,我们在中国的一个水稻农场和太湖湖岸之间建立了八个 50 米 × 20 米的地块,其中 20 米宽的地块面向湖岸。这些地块分别种植了杂交白杨(Populus deltoides × euramericana)、杂交柏树(Taxodium ascendens × mucronatum)或这两种树的混种,密度分别为 2 m × 3 m、2 m × 5 m 或 5 m × 5 m,同时留下一个地块作为对照。对 2014-2018 年间采集的土壤、树叶和地下水样本进行了多种形式的磷分析。结果表明,河岸缓冲区宽度和时间(年份)是所有地块磷衰减的最重要因素。树木密度的影响较小,中等密度的树木最有效,而且我们发现杂交树种在减磷方面的差异可以忽略不计。农民应使用植被茂密的缓冲带,宽度至少为 15 米,以确保显著减少营养物质径流。树种选择应以市场价值和生态效益为基础。
{"title":"Planting trees in buffer strips for attenuating phosphorus runoff in Jiangsu Province, China","authors":"Kozma Naka, Yongbo Wu, Michael Kennedy, Jing Yang, Ying Zhu, Anmin Mao, Jian Lü","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20513","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the last four decades, the Jiangsu province, like the rest of China, has undergone rapid economic development coupled with a rapid increase in environmental pollution. Freshwater ecosystems have been particularly affected. In Lake Tai, China's third-largest freshwater lake by volume, water quality has been severely reduced. There is a renewed interest in establishing riparian buffer strips in China as a conservation practice for mitigating agricultural non-point source pollution. To study the effect of riparian buffers on phosphorus attenuation, eight 50 m × 20 m plots were established between a rice farm and the shore of Lake Tai in China, with the 20 m width facing the lake shore. They were planted with hybrid poplar (<i>Populus deltoides</i> × <i>euramericana</i>), hybrid cypress (<i>Taxodium ascendens</i> × <i>mucronatum</i>), or a mixture of both at densities of 2 m × 3 m, 2 m × 5 m, or 5 m × 5 m, while one plot was left as a control. Samples collected from soil, tree leaves, and groundwater during 2014–2018 were analyzed for multiple forms of phosphorus. Results indicated that riparian buffer width and time (year) were the most significant factors of phosphorus attenuation on all plots. Tree density had a minor effect, with medium density being the most effective, and we found negligible differences among hybrid tree species on attenuating phosphorus. Farmers should use densely vegetated buffer strips at least 15 m wide to ensure a significant reduction in nutrient runoff. Species selection should be based on market value and ecological benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chandra L.-M. Montgomery, Jared A. Spackman, Kurtis L. Schroeder, Albert T. Adjesiwor
The value of glyphosate to growers practicing minimum or no-till farming has been primarily a function of three factors: broad-spectrum weed control, little to no carryover effect, and cost effectiveness. A 2-year field study was conducted in 2021 and 2022 at the University of Idaho Research and Extension Centers at Kimberly and Aberdeen, ID, to evaluate the efficacy of alternative pre-plant burndown herbicide treatments as compared to glyphosate treatment, the industry standard in small grain production systems. Herbicide cost comparison and crop injury observation were also conducted. Most herbicide treatments provided