Ceskoslovenska radiologie最新文献

In blunt abdominal injury the most frequently injured organ is the spleen. A rapid and precise diagnosis of an injured spleen is therefore of great importance for early and correct therapeutic procedure. The authors present a group of 56 patients, who have been examined in the 1981-1987 years after blunt injuries of the belly by computer tomography. In 12 cases there was the diagnosis of subcapsular haematoma of the spleen, intraparenchymatous rupture was present in eight patients. In the remaining 36 cases the trauma of abdominal organs was not confirmed. All findings were verified by surgery or a control computer tomography and clinical examination of the patients. The authors demonstrate typical traumatic conditions. Computer tomography is a very useful method which enables a rapid, precise and non-invasive diagnosis of different degree of the spleen injury, its possible complications and differentiates these conditions from uninjured spleen. The authors present a brief survey of pictures of injured spleen in other methods of examination. In comparison with those methods, computer tomography is the most effective one, which provides a complex information of other organs of abdominal cavity. It also enables a considerate examination of patients severely injured and in non-cooperating ones.

The authors designed and constructed device simulating the activity of the heart, based on periodic filling and emptying two rubber blowers a radioactive solution by means of two pistons in cylinders operated by two specially shaped cams. The phantom enables to control the correctness of the method and a computer programme for evaluating parameters of heart activity (ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume, pulse volume etc.) in balanced ventriculography performed by a scintillation camera coupled with a computer. The performed measurements have shown a very good agreement of the evaluated parameters with those set at the phantom. The designed device is of an original construction and was granted the author's certificate No. 238,298.

The author presents an observation of a rare malignant melanoma of oesophagus, its radiographic picture being similar to sarcoma. The primary melanoblastoma may also affect other internal organs.

In a 23 year old female patient, hospitalized at the internal ward for precollapse condition in tachyarrhythmia seizure with signs of the Turner's syndrome and a corresponding chromosomal finding, a radiographic examination of thorax revealed, beside a spine deformity with a marked scoliosis, a spindle-like aneurysmatic dilatation of aortic arc. The duplication of its contour indicated suspected beginning dissection. The further course did not confirm it, though. The possibility of excluding atherosclerotic and luetic etiology of the aneurysm makes it possible to consider the Erdheim's cystic medionecrosis of aorta, which accompanies more frequently the Marfan's syndrome, whereas in the Turner's syndrome it has been reported exceptionally.

A comparison of absorbed doses from medical cobalt beams was performed by means of thermoluminescent dosimeters at all radiotherapeutic workplaces in Czechoslovakia. At most workplaces (58%) the deviation from the reference primary etalon placed at the Institute of Radiation Dosimetry of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences was below 3%. Neither of the workplaces exhibited deviation higher than 5%, indicating a good level of clinical dosimetry.

The authors performed a retrospective analysis of ultrasonographic findings in 63 female patients with mammary cancer verified by histology. The ultrasonographic examination contributed significantly to the diagnostic results in 16.4% of patients. The ultrasonographic picture of mammary cancer was characteristically variable with the occurrence of various deviations, with prevailing main symptoms of cancer (irregularity of the shape in 81% and the contour in 100%, prevailing low and medium echoes in 97%, irregular distribution of internal echoes in 76.2%, retro-tumorous middle acoustic shade in 63.4%). The authors draw attention to the diagnostic role of individually marked deviations of echographic structure; the importance of careful examination of the formation in different planes in view of the tumour is pointed out, since the symptom of malignant process may be present in only one of them.

The authors communicate their experience with the application of CT in the diagnosis of neoplasms in orofacial region. The examinations were done with the head CT apparatus of 2nd generation. Indications for this examination are defined in the following areas: 1) retromaxillary, 2) paranasal sinuses, 3) orbits, 4) parotid glands, 5) cranial base, 6) malformation diseases, 7) mandibular joint, 8) lower region of the face and neck, 9) cervical nodes, 10) tumours extensive in volume. The authors present an analysis of results of 63 examinations in 57 patients with tumorous diseases.

A technical description of uterovaginal and rectal applicator system of manual afterloading is described. A simple solution while using domestic materials covering the requirements of present-day brachytherapy. The applicators proved to be suitable for gamma radiation sources as well as for gamma-neutron radiation of 252Cf sources.

The use of "real-time" ultrasonographic two-dimensional picture in the neurosurgery operation theatre increases and improves the possibility of localization of intracerebral and intraspinal lesions, enables precise needle biopsies, decreases a potential risk of damage to healthy brain tissue, visualizes the results of tumour resection, helps in the localization of catheters into chambers and cysts. The final results of the application of two-dimensional picture in the course of neurosurgery operation is in speeding up the surgical therapy, giving it more precision and safety, while the prolongation of the operation due to the ultrasonography is negligible. The authors document the visualization possibilities of two-dimensional ultrasonographic scanning with linear probe in preoperational recordings of different types of lesions in intracranial and intraspinal space.