Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105237
Yi-fan Xia , Zhong-kai Feng , Yang Xiao , Tao-tao Zhang , Ling-zhong Kong , Wen-jing Niu , Hui-ming Zhang
Streamflow simulation plays a crucial role in the scientific management of reservoir operations and water resources. This study proposes a novel streamflow simulation method using a mixed Copula approach, coupled with an intelligent knowledge set and a cooperation search algorithm for parameter optimization. This method addresses the limitations of traditional Copula-based models, such as limited expressive capability, an excessive number of model parameters, and long computation times. Initially, an intelligent knowledge set is established using a time series model. Next, the cooperation search algorithm is employed to estimate model parameters. Finally, simulated streamflow values are generated via conditional Copula. Theoretical analysis shows significant reduction in computational complexity compared to traditional methods. Engineering applications at multiple hydrological stations validate that the proposed method reduces parameters by over 99%, shortens estimation time to 3–4% of traditional methods, and improves accuracy by 5–15%. This novel method integrates an intelligent knowledge set with parameter optimization to improve the precision of streamflow simulation, providing a valuable technical tool for watershed management.
{"title":"Mixed Copula for streamflow simulation based on intelligent knowledge set and parameter calibration using cooperation search algorithm","authors":"Yi-fan Xia , Zhong-kai Feng , Yang Xiao , Tao-tao Zhang , Ling-zhong Kong , Wen-jing Niu , Hui-ming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Streamflow simulation plays a crucial role in the scientific management of reservoir operations and water resources. This study proposes a novel streamflow simulation method using a mixed Copula approach, coupled with an intelligent knowledge set and a cooperation search algorithm for parameter optimization. This method addresses the limitations of traditional Copula-based models, such as limited expressive capability, an excessive number of model parameters, and long computation times. Initially, an intelligent knowledge set is established using a time series model. Next, the cooperation search algorithm is employed to estimate model parameters. Finally, simulated streamflow values are generated via conditional Copula. Theoretical analysis shows significant reduction in computational complexity compared to traditional methods. Engineering applications at multiple hydrological stations validate that the proposed method reduces parameters by over 99%, shortens estimation time to 3–4% of traditional methods, and improves accuracy by 5–15%. This novel method integrates an intelligent knowledge set with parameter optimization to improve the precision of streamflow simulation, providing a valuable technical tool for watershed management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 105237"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105236
Haotian Li , Saideep Pavuluri , Harris Sajjad Rabbani , Bicheng Yan
Deciphering multiphase flow patterns at the pore-scale is fundamentally essential for upscaling to determine macro-scale flow parameters. Direct numerical simulations provide detailed insights related to pore-scale flow physics but are computationally expensive. To reduce computational costs, coarser meshes may be used at the expense of accuracy. This study presents a deep learning framework that leverages multi-resolution data for two-dimensional pore-scale two-phase flow at fixed capillary number: low resolution simulations generate large training datasets, while high resolution simulations offer the required supervision to capture the pore-scale flow physics. The model effectively transfers the flow physics learned from low resolution dataset to the high resolution cases, requiring only limited high-fidelity data for adaptation. By combining computational efficiency with predictive accuracy, the proposed framework facilitates rapid and accurate pore-scale flow analysis, addressing a critical need in multiphase flow research.
{"title":"Multi-resolution transfer learning for rapid prediction of pore-scale multiphase flow","authors":"Haotian Li , Saideep Pavuluri , Harris Sajjad Rabbani , Bicheng Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deciphering multiphase flow patterns at the pore-scale is fundamentally essential for upscaling to determine macro-scale flow parameters. Direct numerical simulations provide detailed insights related to pore-scale flow physics but are computationally expensive. To reduce computational costs, coarser meshes may be used at the expense of accuracy. This study presents a deep learning framework that leverages multi-resolution data for two-dimensional pore-scale two-phase flow at fixed capillary number: low resolution simulations generate large training datasets, while high resolution simulations offer the required supervision to capture the pore-scale flow physics. The model effectively transfers the flow physics learned from low resolution dataset to the high resolution cases, requiring only limited high-fidelity data for adaptation. By combining computational efficiency with predictive accuracy, the proposed framework facilitates rapid and accurate pore-scale flow analysis, addressing a critical need in multiphase flow research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 105236"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105239
Xianmeng Meng , Lintao Shen , Xiaoxuan Liu , Qu Wang , Maosheng Yin , Dengfeng Liu
The process of clay consolidation can alter hydraulic conductivity, which subsequently impacts the threshold hydraulic gradient, thereby affecting seepage flow. Existing seepage consolidation models have not considered the impact of changing hydraulic conductivity on the threshold hydraulic gradient. To address this issue, this paper establishes a one-dimensional non-Darcian flow model that accounts for the changes in the threshold hydraulic gradient due to the nonlinear consolidation characteristics of clay. The model is solved using the finite difference method, and the results are compared with those from a model that neglects the changes in the threshold hydraulic gradient. The results indicate that when the changes in the threshold hydraulic gradient are taken into account, both the rate of movement of the seepage moving boundary and the seepage flow velocity are reduced. The hydraulic head calculated with consideration of the threshold hydraulic gradient changes is higher than that calculated without considering such changes. The discrepancies in the position of the seepage moving boundary and the threshold hydraulic gradient collectively dictate the variations in the hydraulic head difference and the seepage flow velocity difference. When the initial hydraulic conductivity is small, the initial void ratio is large, the compression index is large, and the permeability index is small, the differences in hydraulic head between the model accounting for changes in the threshold hydraulic gradient and the one that does not are more significant. Ultimately, a laboratory experiment is used to validate the developed model. Experimental simulation results indicate that ignoring the variation in the threshold hydraulic gradient in long-term seepage simulations leads to a flow prediction error of approximately 15%.
{"title":"One-dimensional non-Darcian flow model incorporating the impact of nonlinear clay consolidation on the threshold hydraulic gradient","authors":"Xianmeng Meng , Lintao Shen , Xiaoxuan Liu , Qu Wang , Maosheng Yin , Dengfeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The process of clay consolidation can alter hydraulic conductivity, which subsequently impacts the threshold hydraulic gradient, thereby affecting seepage flow. Existing seepage consolidation models have not considered the impact of changing hydraulic conductivity on the threshold hydraulic gradient. To address this issue, this paper establishes a one-dimensional non-Darcian flow model that accounts for the changes in the threshold hydraulic gradient due to the nonlinear consolidation characteristics of clay. The model is solved using the finite difference method, and the results are compared with those from a model that neglects the changes in the threshold hydraulic gradient. The results indicate that when the changes in the threshold hydraulic gradient are taken into account, both the rate of movement of the seepage moving boundary and the seepage flow velocity are reduced. The hydraulic head calculated with consideration of the threshold hydraulic gradient changes is higher than that calculated without considering such changes. The discrepancies in the position of the seepage moving boundary and the threshold hydraulic gradient collectively dictate the variations in the hydraulic head difference and the seepage flow velocity difference. When the initial hydraulic conductivity is small, the initial void ratio is large, the compression index is large, and the permeability index is small, the differences in hydraulic head between the model accounting for changes in the threshold hydraulic gradient and the one that does not are more significant. Ultimately, a laboratory experiment is used to validate the developed model. Experimental simulation results indicate that ignoring the variation in the threshold hydraulic gradient in long-term seepage simulations leads to a flow prediction error of approximately 15%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 105239"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146160585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105240
Jingyao Liu, Hui Guo , Zhaoqin Huang , Yang Yang
A novel hybrid-dimensional model for Darcy–Brinkman flow in fractured porous media is proposed, inherently compatible with non-conforming grids. Building upon the reinterpreted discrete fracture model (RDFM) for Darcy flow, which introduces a Dirac– function to unify matrix-fracture flow, we develop the hybrid-dimensional RDFM for Darcy–Brinkman flow. We also rigorously establish its mathematical equivalence with the classical interface model. For numerical discretization, a hybrid scheme combining Local Discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) and standard Galerkin finite element methods (FEM) is employed. This approach overcomes key limitations of the LDG method in modeling one-dimensional fractures, such as difficulties with numerical flux selection and auxiliary variable specification, while maintaining computational efficiency. To solve the resulting coupled system, we introduce a pseudo-time and advance the solution in time toward a stationary state. Validation through coupled tracer transport simulations confirms the model’s robustness and applicability on non-matching grids.
{"title":"A reinterpreted discrete fracture model for Darcy–Brinkman flow in fractured porous media and its extension on nonconforming meshes","authors":"Jingyao Liu, Hui Guo , Zhaoqin Huang , Yang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel hybrid-dimensional model for Darcy–Brinkman flow in fractured porous media is proposed, inherently compatible with non-conforming grids. Building upon the reinterpreted discrete fracture model (RDFM) for Darcy flow, which introduces a Dirac–<span><math><mi>δ</mi></math></span> function to unify matrix-fracture flow, we develop the hybrid-dimensional RDFM for Darcy–Brinkman flow. We also rigorously establish its mathematical equivalence with the classical interface model. For numerical discretization, a hybrid scheme combining Local Discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) and standard Galerkin finite element methods (FEM) is employed. This approach overcomes key limitations of the LDG method in modeling one-dimensional fractures, such as difficulties with numerical flux selection and auxiliary variable specification, while maintaining computational efficiency. To solve the resulting coupled system, we introduce a pseudo-time and advance the solution in time toward a stationary state. Validation through coupled tracer transport simulations confirms the model’s robustness and applicability on non-matching grids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 105240"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105233
Shuyao Niu , Zhike Zou , Longcang Shu , Giovanni Michele Porta
Particle deposition in porous media is critical in natural and engineered systems and has significant implications for groundwater recharge, colloid filtration, and contaminant transport. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of pore-scale dynamics is essential. Current research mainly focuses on deposition outcomes, whereas dynamic deposition processes require further research, particularly into the coupled effects of flow velocity, particle size, and collector geometry. This study establishes a single-collector model under favorable conditions, using Lagrangian simulations to analyze pore-scale force interactions and particle trajectories. This approach facilitates a systematic investigation of how flow velocity, particle size, and collector geometry influence deposition time, transport trajectory length, and spatial distribution of deposition particles, as well as force analysis of particles. The results showed that particle size and flow velocity primarily control η while collector geometry considerably affects deposition kinetics and spatial patterns. A distinct size-dependent transition in deposition mechanisms was observed, with sub-micron particles (≤1 μm) exhibiting stochastic, diffusion-dominated behavior with dispersed deposition times and trajectories and larger particles (≥2 μm) undergoing rapid, deterministic deposition driven by gravity. Irregular collector shapes enhanced the dispersion and delay of small particle deposition due to complex flow fields with vortices and tortuous streamlines, causing localized deposition hotspots in surface concavities. Force balance analysis shows that in the concave regions of irregular collectors, strong competition occurred Brownian motion and drag force, resulting in more random and tortuous deposition paths. As particle size increased, deposition behavior became shifts to gravity-dominated, with irregular flow fields exhibiting less influence. This study reveals the key role of local flow features in shaping particle deposition behavior, thus providing a deeper understanding of the particle deposition process.
{"title":"Single collector capture model analysis of particle deposition: Effects of hydrodynamics, particle size, and collector geometry","authors":"Shuyao Niu , Zhike Zou , Longcang Shu , Giovanni Michele Porta","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Particle deposition in porous media is critical in natural and engineered systems and has significant implications for groundwater recharge, colloid filtration, and contaminant transport. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of pore-scale dynamics is essential. Current research mainly focuses on deposition outcomes, whereas dynamic deposition processes require further research, particularly into the coupled effects of flow velocity, particle size, and collector geometry. This study establishes a single-collector model under favorable conditions, using Lagrangian simulations to analyze pore-scale force interactions and particle trajectories. This approach facilitates a systematic investigation of how flow velocity, particle size, and collector geometry influence deposition time, transport trajectory length, and spatial distribution of deposition particles, as well as force analysis of particles. The results showed that particle size and flow velocity primarily control η while collector geometry considerably affects deposition kinetics and spatial patterns. A distinct size-dependent transition in deposition mechanisms was observed, with sub-micron particles (≤1 μm) exhibiting stochastic, diffusion-dominated behavior with dispersed deposition times and trajectories and larger particles (≥2 μm) undergoing rapid, deterministic deposition driven by gravity. Irregular collector shapes enhanced the dispersion and delay of small particle deposition due to complex flow fields with vortices and tortuous streamlines, causing localized deposition hotspots in surface concavities. Force balance analysis shows that in the concave regions of irregular collectors, strong competition occurred Brownian motion and drag force, resulting in more random and tortuous deposition paths. As particle size increased, deposition behavior became shifts to gravity-dominated, with irregular flow fields exhibiting less influence. This study reveals the key role of local flow features in shaping particle deposition behavior, thus providing a deeper understanding of the particle deposition process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 105233"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146110457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-23DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105278
Shuohan Zhang, Yuhang Wang, Zhang Wen, Hadi Hajibeygi, Peipei Xue
{"title":"An algebraic dynamic multilevel method for the simulation of contaminant transport and retention through vadose zones","authors":"Shuohan Zhang, Yuhang Wang, Zhang Wen, Hadi Hajibeygi, Peipei Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147496175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-21DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105277
M.F. Salek, Z. Shi, M. Kariminasab, W. Hames, L.E. Beckingham
{"title":"Change in mineral accessible surface area due to CO2-induced mineral reactions in porous media","authors":"M.F. Salek, Z. Shi, M. Kariminasab, W. Hames, L.E. Beckingham","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105277","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147496189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-21DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105276
Yuqin Gao, Longsheng Xu, Ming Wu, Chenyu Yuan, Kunpeng Feng
{"title":"Inverse Modeling of Layered Soil Water Flow under Hydrothermal Coupling Using a Multi-Physics Informed Neural Network","authors":"Yuqin Gao, Longsheng Xu, Ming Wu, Chenyu Yuan, Kunpeng Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105276","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147496191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105274
Meng Wang, Lu Yin, Weichao Yan
{"title":"Deep learning-enhanced pore structure analysis for electrical properties in tight sandstone","authors":"Meng Wang, Lu Yin, Weichao Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105274","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147448190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105222
Sidian Chen , Bo Guo , Tianyuan Zheng
Two-phase surfactant-laden fluid flow and surfactant transport in porous media are critical to many natural and engineering applications. Surfactants modify two-phase flow by altering interfacial tension and wettability, while two-phase flow controls surfactant transport pathways and adsorption sites. These coupled processes are commonly modeled by combining Darcy-type two-phase flow equations with advection–dispersion–adsorption transport equations, with capillary pressure–saturation relationships scaled using the Leverett -function. However, the Leverett -function simplifies the porous medium as bundles of cylindrical tubes and decouples interfacial tension and wettability, limiting representation of angular pore geometries and coupled interfacial tension and wettability effects. We present a modeling framework that incorporates pore angularity and interfacial tension–wettability coupling effect into Darcy-scale surfactant-laden fluid flow and surfactant transport models. Within this framework, we derive two-phase flow properties for angular pores, upscale them across pore size distributions, and obtain explicit and closed-form expressions for the upscaled properties. These expressions are incorporated into a coupled flow–transport model for simulating transient two-phase flow and surfactant transport processes. Modeling results suggest a nonmonotonic and nonlinear dependence of two-phase flow properties on pore structure (angularity and size distribution) and interfacial tension (controlled by surfactant type and concentration). Example simulations of water flow and PFAS (surfactant-like contaminants) migration in unsaturated soils indicate that surfactant-induced flow effects on PFAS leaching are generally minor under typical site conditions, whereas pore angularity exerts dominant control on water flow, interfacial area, and consequently PFAS retention. Overall, the upscaling framework offers a more physically grounded approach for modeling two-phase surfactant-laden fluid flow and surfactant transport in porous media.
{"title":"Coupled two-phase flow and surfactant/PFAS transport in porous media with angular pores: From pore-scale physics to Darcy-scale modeling","authors":"Sidian Chen , Bo Guo , Tianyuan Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-phase surfactant-laden fluid flow and surfactant transport in porous media are critical to many natural and engineering applications. Surfactants modify two-phase flow by altering interfacial tension and wettability, while two-phase flow controls surfactant transport pathways and adsorption sites. These coupled processes are commonly modeled by combining Darcy-type two-phase flow equations with advection–dispersion–adsorption transport equations, with capillary pressure–saturation relationships scaled using the Leverett <span><math><mi>J</mi></math></span>-function. However, the Leverett <span><math><mi>J</mi></math></span>-function simplifies the porous medium as bundles of cylindrical tubes and decouples interfacial tension and wettability, limiting representation of angular pore geometries and coupled interfacial tension and wettability effects. We present a modeling framework that incorporates pore angularity and interfacial tension–wettability coupling effect into Darcy-scale surfactant-laden fluid flow and surfactant transport models. Within this framework, we derive two-phase flow properties for angular pores, upscale them across pore size distributions, and obtain explicit and closed-form expressions for the upscaled properties. These expressions are incorporated into a coupled flow–transport model for simulating transient two-phase flow and surfactant transport processes. Modeling results suggest a nonmonotonic and nonlinear dependence of two-phase flow properties on pore structure (angularity and size distribution) and interfacial tension (controlled by surfactant type and concentration). Example simulations of water flow and PFAS (surfactant-like contaminants) migration in unsaturated soils indicate that surfactant-induced flow effects on PFAS leaching are generally minor under typical site conditions, whereas pore angularity exerts dominant control on water flow, interfacial area, and consequently PFAS retention. Overall, the upscaling framework offers a more physically grounded approach for modeling two-phase surfactant-laden fluid flow and surfactant transport in porous media.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 105222"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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