Advances in Water Resources最新文献_第6页

Migration mechanisms of oil-water-sand three-phase flow in unconsolidated sandstones during water flooding: An image analysis approach resilient to threshold interference 水驱过程中松散砂岩油水砂三相流运移机理：一种适应阈值干扰的图像分析方法

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105154

Maozhu Li, Yiqiang Li, Zhipeng Wang, Xinji Du, Lei Wang, Jinxin Cao, Zheyu Liu

Unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs exhibit high sand production susceptibility during water flooding, impairing fluid migration and well productivity. Elucidating three-phase (oil-water-sand) migration mechanisms and residual fluid distribution characteristics is critical for sanding rate prediction and fluid saturation estimation. This study examines sand migration and residual oil distribution during waterflooding in unconsolidated sandstone oil reservoirs. Using methylene blue-dyed water to flood artificial models, we replicated sand production patterns and quantified outcomes via novel image analysis. Results show that: In water flooding processes through heterogeneous unconsolidated sandstones, sand production rate exhibits a quadratic polynomial relationship with time. Greater fluctuation ranges in areal sweep variation rates indicate frequent flooding front diversions. Post-flood residual oil saturation measures 66.07–71.87 % in heterogeneous models versus 70.99–76.65 % in homogeneous counterparts. Residual oil saturation demonstrates broader distribution in swept zones of heterogeneous formations, whereas homogeneous systems show localized concentration. Strategic injection placement in high-permeability zones induces enhanced sweep efficiency when fluid propagates into low-permeability regions, establishing optimized drainage networks. These insights aid sand control and residual fluid management during fluid injection/production. The image analysis method enables pore-scale quantitative characterization for aquifer management and contaminant remediation.

松散砂岩储层在水驱过程中表现出高出砂敏感性，影响流体运移和油井产能。阐明油水砂三相运移机理和剩余流体分布特征对出砂速率预测和流体饱和度估计至关重要。研究了疏松砂岩油藏水驱过程中砂体运移和剩余油分布规律。利用亚甲基蓝染色水注入人工模型，我们复制出砂模式，并通过新的图像分析对结果进行量化。结果表明：在非均质松散砂岩水驱过程中，出砂速率与时间呈二次多项式关系；面扫变化率的较大波动范围表明频繁的洪水锋面转移。非均质模型的驱后剩余油饱和度为66.07 - 71.87%，而非均质模型的剩余油饱和度为70.99 - 76.65%。剩余油饱和度在非均质地层波及带中分布较广，而均质地层则集中于局部区域。当流体进入低渗透区域时，在高渗透区域的策略注入可以提高波及效率，从而建立优化的排水网络。这些见解有助于在注液/生产过程中进行防砂和残余流体管理。图像分析方法使孔隙尺度定量表征含水层管理和污染物修复。

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引用次数: 0

A novel BMA-PMOSO model for optimal design of groundwater remediation systems under multi-source uncertainties 多源不确定性下地下水修复系统优化设计的BMA-PMOSO模型

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105153

Qiankun Luo , Yun Yang , Yong Zhang , Jianfeng Wu , Jichun Wu

The predictive accuracy of groundwater flow and contaminant transport simulation models is often limited by multi-source uncertainties associated with model structure and model parameters. Previous studies on optimizing groundwater contaminant remediation systems (GCRSs) have not adequately accounted for these multi-source uncertainties, thereby compromising the reliability of remediation schemes and increasing the risk of remediation failure. In this study, a novel Bayesian model averaging-probabilistic multi-objective simulation-optimization (BMA-PMOSO) model is developed to optimally design GCRSs under multi-source uncertainties. In the new model, the BMA theory is employed to calculate the mean and variance values of objective functions. The Arithmetic Mean Estimator (AME) method is used to determine the marginal likelihoods of each conceptual models and subsequently calculate their posterior weights. The Differential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis (DREAM) algorithm is applied to analyze the parameter uncertainty for each conceptual model, thereby obtaining the posterior distribution of parameters. The PMOFHS-GA is adopted to identify Pareto solutions. Furthermore, a new final decision-making strategy, the objective reliability based improved decision strategy (OR-IDS), is developed to assist decision-makers in selecting the final best remediation scheme. The proposed model is applied to a 2-dimensional synthetic problem and a 3-dimensional field problem. Results demonstrate that uncertainties in both model structure and parameters will cause significant impacts on optimization results. The BMA-PMOSO model can effectively optimize GCRSs under complex uncertainties, offering decision-makers highly reliable remediation schemes.

地下水流动和污染物运移模拟模型的预测精度往往受到模型结构和模型参数等多源不确定性因素的限制。以往关于优化地下水污染物修复系统（GCRSs）的研究没有充分考虑这些多源不确定性，从而影响了修复方案的可靠性，增加了修复失败的风险。本文提出了一种新的贝叶斯平均概率多目标仿真优化（BMA-PMOSO）模型，用于多源不确定性条件下GCRSs的优化设计。在新模型中，利用BMA理论计算目标函数的均值和方差。使用算术平均估计（AME）方法确定每个概念模型的边际似然，然后计算其后验权重。采用差分进化自适应大都市（DREAM）算法对各个概念模型的参数不确定性进行分析，从而得到参数的后验分布。采用PMOFHS-GA辨识Pareto解。在此基础上，提出了一种新的最终决策策略——基于客观可靠性的改进决策策略（OR-IDS），以帮助决策者选择最终的最佳补救方案。该模型适用于二维综合问题和三维场问题。结果表明，模型结构和参数的不确定性都会对优化结果产生重大影响。BMA-PMOSO模型可以有效优化复杂不确定性下的gcrs，为决策者提供高可靠性的修复方案。

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引用次数: 0

Can runoff modeled at coarse resolution simulate floods at finer resolutions? A case study over the Ohio River Basin 粗分辨率的径流模型能否模拟精细分辨率的洪水？俄亥俄河流域的案例研究

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105151

Tara J. Troy , Naresh Devineni , Carlos H.R. Lima , Upmanu Lall

Recent studies on flood-generating mechanisms have advanced understanding of the hydrologic processes that lead to riverine flooding. Flood modeling frameworks can play a role in furthering this research, but they can be computationally intensive. This study tests the ability to simulate floods using the widely used Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) land surface model with a kinematic wave routing model over the Ohio River basin, which is flood-prone and topographically variable. Using 200 USGS streamflow gauges, the model estimates the median annual maximum daily flow (AMF) with an average bias of 1.8% across the gauges and the 90th percentile AMF with an average bias of 6.2% for 1979–2022. Errors tend to be larger in flatter regions and in smaller basins with dams, highlighting the role dams play in reducing flood peaks in this basin. Model experiments show that the simulated AMF is not sensitive to the subdaily model timestep, but it is sensitive to the spatial resolution, with larger grid cells resulting in underestimating AMF. Overall, this modeling framework reproduces flooding across a range of land cover, topography, and drainage area, indicating it can be used in future studies to investigate flood generating mechanisms and flood risk estimation.

最近对洪水发生机制的研究促进了对导致河流洪水的水文过程的理解。洪水建模框架可以在进一步研究中发挥作用，但它们可能是计算密集型的。本研究使用广泛使用的变入渗能力（VIC）陆地表面模型和俄亥俄河流域的运动波浪路径模型来测试模拟洪水的能力，俄亥俄河流域是洪水易发和地形多变的。该模型使用200个美国地质勘探局的流量计，估计了1979-2022年的年最大日流量（AMF）中位数，平均偏差为1.8%，第90百分位AMF平均偏差为6.2%。在平坦地区和较小的水坝流域，误差往往更大，突出了水坝在该流域减少洪峰的作用。模型实验表明，模拟AMF对亚日模式时间步长不敏感，但对空间分辨率敏感，较大的网格单元导致AMF被低估。总体而言，该建模框架再现了一系列土地覆盖、地形和排水区域的洪水，表明它可以用于未来研究洪水产生机制和洪水风险估计。

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引用次数: 0

Pore-scale investigation of drying dynamics and salt precipitation forms in porous media 多孔介质中干燥动力学和盐沉淀形成的孔隙尺度研究

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105147

Bowen Zhang , Budi Zhao , Zhonghao Sun

Salt precipitation in porous media is not only of fundamental scientific interest but also poses significant challenges in various engineering applications. Although two forms of precipitated salt have been identified (aggregated salt and bulk salt) and shown to have distinct impacts on engineering applications, pore-scale mechanisms underlying the formation and growth of different salt precipitation forms remain poorly understood. This study presents evaporation-induced salt precipitation experiments in capillaries with different geometries to investigate the complex interplay of wettability, drying dynamics, pore geometry, and brine mobility on precipitated salt forms. A conceptual model is proposed to explain that the formation of aggregated salt requires two sequential steps: the nucleation of tiny-sized initial salt crystals and adequate brine supply for crystal growth. The absence of either step promotes the formation of bulk salt within the brine phase. A more hydrophilic interface and a higher evaporation rate induce the nucleation of initial salt crystals at the evaporation interface. Péclet number and contact angle serve as indicators of the relative evaporation rate and wettability, respectively. In addition, open-end pore geometry and corner flow enhance the brine mobility. The formation of aggregated salt is favored under conditions of a high Péclet number and a low contact angle if the brine supply is sufficient. Results also reveal distinct impacts of salt precipitation forms on pore-scale drying dynamics. These findings are relevant to the understanding of various salt precipitation phenomena in porous media such as salt weathering and salt-induced injectivity impairment in subsurface engineering applications.

多孔介质中的盐沉淀不仅具有重要的科学意义，而且在各种工程应用中也提出了重大挑战。虽然已经确定了两种形式的沉淀盐（聚集盐和大块盐），并显示出对工程应用有不同的影响，但不同盐沉淀形式形成和生长的孔隙尺度机制仍然知之甚少。本研究在不同几何形状的毛细血管中进行了蒸发诱导的盐沉淀实验，以研究润湿性、干燥动力学、孔隙几何形状和盐水流动性对沉淀盐形态的复杂相互作用。提出了一个概念模型来解释聚集盐的形成需要两个连续的步骤：微小的初始盐晶体的成核和晶体生长所需的足够的盐水供应。这两个步骤的缺失都促进了卤水相中大块盐的形成。更亲水的界面和更高的蒸发速率诱导蒸发界面处初始盐晶体成核。相对蒸发速率和润湿性的指标分别为paclet数和接触角。此外，开放式孔隙几何形状和角流增强了盐水的流动性。在高psamclet数和低接触角的条件下，如果盐水供应充足，有利于聚集盐的形成。结果还揭示了盐沉淀形式对孔隙尺度干燥动力学的显著影响。这些发现有助于理解多孔介质中的各种盐沉淀现象，如盐风化和盐引起的地下工程应用中的注入性损伤。

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引用次数: 0

Bed roughness in gravel-bed rivers: Channel-scale responses to flow and sediment dynamics 砾石河床的河床粗糙度：对水流和泥沙动力学的河道尺度响应

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105146

Danrlei de Menezes, Ana Luiza Oliveira Borges

Understanding flow resistance is fundamental for both scientific research and the development of engineering applications in fluvial systems. Accurate estimation is crucial for assessing flood magnitude, predicting ecological habitats, estimating sediment transport, and analyzing river morphodynamics. However, natural gravel beds exhibit complex three-dimensional organization, shaped by continuous processes of transport, deposition, and sediment reworking during flow events. This study investigates bed roughness behavior under sediment supply suppression in gravel-bed channels, assessing its variation with flow conditions and sediment dynamics. Experiments were conducted in a 10 m-long, 0.6 m-wide rectangular flume with a mobile bed, divided into two phases. In Phase 1, a morphologically stable bed configuration was established, achieving equilibrium and consistent sediment transport under a given discharge. Preliminary bed stabilization proved essential, as material adjustment and fine sediment infilling significantly influenced hydraulic response. In Phase 2, the hydraulic roughness of the stabilized bed was evaluated. Results showed that flow resistance decreases with increasing relative submergence, whereas low-flow and low-submergence conditions led to higher roughness due to bed microtopography and armoring layer development. Empirical equations underestimated resistance under high relative roughness, indicating the need for more specific formulations. Importantly, this is among the first experimental studies addressing bed roughness processes for a Brazilian mountainous river, providing novel insights for similar environments. The study also confirmed classical sediment transport concepts, such as grain-size sorting, armoring formation, and a critical discharge threshold for sediment mobilization. These findings contribute to improved parameterization of numerical models and advance the understanding of fluvial hydraulics.

了解流动阻力是河流系统科学研究和工程应用开发的基础。准确的估算对于洪水震级评估、生态栖息地预测、泥沙输运估算和河流形态动力学分析至关重要。然而，天然砾石层表现出复杂的三维组织，在流动过程中由连续的运输、沉积和沉积物再加工过程形成。本文研究了砾石河床在输沙抑制条件下的河床粗糙度行为，评估了其随水流条件和泥沙动力学的变化。实验在一个长10米、宽0.6米的矩形水槽中进行，水槽带有移动床，实验分为两个阶段。在第一阶段，建立了一个形态稳定的河床配置，在给定流量下实现了平衡和一致的泥沙输送。由于物料调整和细泥沙充填对水力响应有显著影响，初步的河床稳定被证明是必不可少的。在第二阶段，对稳定床的水力粗糙度进行了评估。结果表明，流动阻力随相对淹没度的增加而减小，而低流量和低淹没条件下，由于河床微地形和装甲层的发育，导致粗糙度增大。经验方程低估了高相对粗糙度下的阻力，表明需要更具体的公式。重要的是，这是解决巴西山区河流河床粗糙度过程的首批实验研究之一，为类似环境提供了新的见解。该研究还证实了经典的泥沙输运概念，如粒度分选、盔甲形成和泥沙动员的临界流量阈值。这些发现有助于改进数值模型的参数化，促进对河流水力学的认识。

{"title":"Bed roughness in gravel-bed rivers: Channel-scale responses to flow and sediment dynamics","authors":"Danrlei de Menezes, Ana Luiza Oliveira Borges","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding flow resistance is fundamental for both scientific research and the development of engineering applications in fluvial systems. Accurate estimation is crucial for assessing flood magnitude, predicting ecological habitats, estimating sediment transport, and analyzing river morphodynamics. However, natural gravel beds exhibit complex three-dimensional organization, shaped by continuous processes of transport, deposition, and sediment reworking during flow events. This study investigates bed roughness behavior under sediment supply suppression in gravel-bed channels, assessing its variation with flow conditions and sediment dynamics. Experiments were conducted in a 10 m-long, 0.6 m-wide rectangular flume with a mobile bed, divided into two phases. In Phase 1, a morphologically stable bed configuration was established, achieving equilibrium and consistent sediment transport under a given discharge. Preliminary bed stabilization proved essential, as material adjustment and fine sediment infilling significantly influenced hydraulic response. In Phase 2, the hydraulic roughness of the stabilized bed was evaluated. Results showed that flow resistance decreases with increasing relative submergence, whereas low-flow and low-submergence conditions led to higher roughness due to bed microtopography and armoring layer development. Empirical equations underestimated resistance under high relative roughness, indicating the need for more specific formulations. Importantly, this is among the first experimental studies addressing bed roughness processes for a Brazilian mountainous river, providing novel insights for similar environments. The study also confirmed classical sediment transport concepts, such as grain-size sorting, armoring formation, and a critical discharge threshold for sediment mobilization. These findings contribute to improved parameterization of numerical models and advance the understanding of fluvial hydraulics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 105146"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental and numerical studies on the transport mechanism of clay particles in porous media considering double layer forces 考虑双层力的多孔介质中粘土颗粒输运机理的实验与数值研究

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105145

Xiaoyi Zhao , Xiangjun Pei , Xiaochao Zhang , Mao Qiu , Renji Zhang

Micron- and nanoscale particles can cause varying degrees of pore clogging in porous media due to inter-particle forces, yet their role in seepage erosion remains unclear. This study couples computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the discrete element method (DEM), incorporating Coulomb’s law and the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts model to simulate electrostatic repulsion and van der Waals attraction, respectively, while accounting for surface roughness and force distance. Through simulations of micron-scale clay particle seepage at varying flow rates, we systematically analyzed particle erosion, hydraulic conductivity, clogging types, and micromechanical fields. A custom-designed microfluidic chip, matching the numerical model, validated the simulations. Results show that inter-particle force and fluid resistance nearly doubled, and the clogging rate increased by ∼10 % when non-contact forces and surface roughness were considered. However, their influence diminished significantly at flow velocities above 1.6 mm/s. Dependent clogging dominated, particularly when strong force chains formed mid-pore, resisting breakup. The Kozeny–Carman equation explained 91.336 % of hydraulic conductivity variation. The findings contribute to the understanding and prediction of erosion processes in porous media, providing a theoretical basis for related engineering.

微米级和纳米级的颗粒由于颗粒间的作用力可以在多孔介质中引起不同程度的孔隙堵塞，但它们在渗流侵蚀中的作用尚不清楚。本研究将计算流体力学（CFD）和离散元法（DEM）相结合，结合库仑定律和Johnson-Kendall-Roberts模型分别模拟静电斥力和范德华引力，同时考虑表面粗糙度和力距离。通过对不同流速下微米尺度粘土颗粒渗流的模拟，系统分析了颗粒侵蚀、水力导电性、堵塞类型和微力学场。定制的微流控芯片与数值模型相匹配，验证了模拟结果。结果表明，当考虑非接触力和表面粗糙度时，颗粒间力和流体阻力几乎增加了一倍，堵塞率增加了约10%。然而，当流速超过1.6 mm/s时，它们的影响显著减弱。依赖性堵塞占主导地位，特别是当强力链在孔隙中形成时，抵抗破裂。Kozeny-Carman方程解释了91.336%的水力导率变化。研究结果有助于理解和预测多孔介质的侵蚀过程，为相关工程提供理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of disconnected fluid interfaces on pressure drops for liquid-liquid-gas three-phase flow in porous media 分离流体界面对多孔介质液-液-气三相流压降的影响

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105144

Jiafan Guo , Zhechao Wang , Liping Qiao , Hao Feng

The simultaneous flow of three fluids in porous media often occurs during gas injection into formations, and the flow process typically exhibits significant intermittent or disconnected flow behavior. This study explores the relationships between the capillary pressure drop and interfacial area in steady-state three-phase flow. The capillary pressure drop, which occurs at the fluid-fluid interfaces between the three fluid phases (e.g., water/oil/gas), is defined as the difference between the total pressure drop and the viscous pressure drop. Through steady-state three-phase flow experiments in micromodels, we determined that the capillary pressure drop maintains a roughly linear relationship with the total specific interfacial area of non-wetting liquid-wetting liquid, non-wetting liquid-gas, and gas-wetting liquid interfaces. Furthermore, by considering the differences in interfacial tensions among these interfaces, we found that incorporating the interfacial energy per volume significantly enhances this linear relationship. The interfacial energy per volume is defined as the product of interfacial tension and specific interfacial area. Moreover, the slope of this linear relationship is mainly influenced by the flow rate and follows a negative exponential power function. This study quantifies the significant effect of fluid-fluid interfaces on pressure drop during three-phase disconnected flow.

注气过程中，三种流体在多孔介质中同时流动，通常表现出明显的间歇或不连通流动特征。研究了稳态三相流中毛细管压降与界面面积的关系。毛细压降是发生在三种流体相（如水/油/气）之间的液-液界面处，定义为总压降与粘性压降之差。通过微模型稳态三相流动实验，我们确定毛细管压降与非润湿液-润湿液、非润湿液-气、气-润湿液界面总比界面面积大致呈线性关系。此外，通过考虑这些界面之间的界面张力差异，我们发现加入每体积界面能显着增强了这种线性关系。单位体积的界面能定义为界面张力和比界面面积的乘积。该线性关系的斜率主要受流量的影响，服从负指数幂函数。本研究量化了三相非连通流动中流体-流体界面对压降的显著影响。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of porous media heterogeneity on convective mixing in a Rayleigh–Bénard instability 多孔介质非均质性对rayleigh - bsamadard不稳定性对流混合的影响

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105139

Rima Benhammadi, Juan J. Hidalgo

This work studies the effect of the heterogeneity of a porous medium on convective mixing. We consider a system in which a Rayleigh–Bénard instability is triggered by a temperature difference between the top and bottom boundaries. Heterogeneity is represented by multi-Gaussian log-normally distributed permeability fields. We explore the effect of the Rayleigh number, the variance and correlation length of the log-permeability field on the fingering patterns, heat flux, mixing state and flow structure. Heat flux increases for all heterogeneous cases compared to the homogeneous ones. When heterogeneity is weak and the horizontal correlation length small, flux exhibits minimal sensitivity to the variance of the log-permeability. When the correlation length increases, flux increases proportionally to the log-permeability variance.

The mixing state is evaluated through the temperature variance and the intensity of segregation. Both take higher values, compared to their homogeneous analogues, when the correlation length and the variance of the permeability are increased. This indicates that even if heat flux increases, the system is less well mixed.

The flow structure shows that in homogeneous and weakly heterogeneous cases there is a relation between the location of high strain rates and stagnation points, while for strongly heterogeneous cases, high strain rate zones are linked to high permeability areas near the boundaries, where temperature plumes originate. The interface width tends to decrease as the variance and the correlation length of the permeability field are augmented, suggesting that the interface undergoes greater stretching in heterogeneous porous media.

本文研究了多孔介质的非均质性对对流混合的影响。我们考虑这样一个系统，在这个系统中，顶部边界和底部边界之间的温差触发了瑞利-巴姆纳德不稳定性。非均质性由多高斯对数正态分布的渗透率场表示。探讨了测井-渗透率场的瑞利数、方差和相关长度对指理模式、热流密度、混合状态和流动结构的影响。与均匀情况相比，所有非均匀情况下的热通量都增加。当非均质性较弱且水平相关长度较小时，通量对测井渗透率变化的敏感性最小。当相关长度增加时，通量与测井-渗透率方差成比例增加。

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引用次数: 0

Transfer learning of neural surrogates on multifidelity groundwater simulations 多保真度地下水模拟中神经代理的迁移学习

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105140

A. Chiofalo , V. Ciriello , D.M. Tartakovsky

Computationally inexpensive surrogates of process-based models, such as deep neural networks, enable ensemble-based computations used in risk assessment, data assimilation, etc. However, generation of large datasets required to train a neural network can be as expensive as the ensemble simulations themselves. We ameliorate this challenge by using data from multifidelity (MF) groundwater simulations and transfer learning (TL) to reduce data generation costs while maintaining model accuracy. As a computational example, we train a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to reconstruct permeability fields from saturation maps derived from a multiphase flow model. Starting with very low- and low-fidelity data generated on increasingly coarse meshes, we pretrain the CNN, followed by output-layer training and fine-tuning using only a limited number of high-fidelity samples. We demonstrate the surrogate’s robustness when interpreting low-quality inputs — such as interpolated maps or data affected by noise — which has strong implications for the applicability in practical hydrogeological scenarios. This multilevel MF-TL strategy achieves a favorable trade-off between computational efficiency and predictive accuracy, significantly outperforming high-fidelity-only approaches under the same computational budget.

基于过程的模型（如深度神经网络）的计算成本较低的替代品，使基于集成的计算能够用于风险评估、数据同化等。然而，训练神经网络所需的大型数据集的生成可能与集成模拟本身一样昂贵。我们通过使用来自多保真度（MF）地下水模拟和迁移学习（TL）的数据来降低数据生成成本，同时保持模型的准确性，从而改善了这一挑战。作为计算示例，我们训练深度卷积神经网络（CNN）从多相流模型导出的饱和度图中重建渗透率场。从越来越粗糙的网格上生成的非常低和低保真度的数据开始，我们预训练CNN，然后只使用有限数量的高保真度样本进行输出层训练和微调。在解释低质量输入（如插值图或受噪声影响的数据）时，我们证明了代理的鲁棒性，这对实际水文地质情景的适用性具有重要意义。这种多层MF-TL策略在计算效率和预测精度之间实现了良好的权衡，在相同的计算预算下，显著优于仅使用高保真度的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study on the generalised evolution characteristics of bedload clusters 层质团簇广义演化特征的实验研究

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105143

Q.S. Yin, Y. Xiao, J.W. Li, X. Liu

Bedload clusters are characteristic microtopographic features in gravel-bed rivers, influencing sediment transport, flow resistance, and bedform development. This study employs open-channel flume experiments to investigate the continuous evolution of bedload clusters under sequentially increasing flow intensity, characterised by the Shields number Θ (ratio of hydraulic shear stress to particle resistance). An enhanced motion trajectory tracking algorithm was developed to significantly outperform conventional nearest-neighbour methods by integrating adaptive Gaussian mixture modelling, dual-stage denoising, and a combined Kalman–Hungarian framework. This improved algorithm reduced particle coordinate identification errors by 70%, decreased the coefficient of variation by 66% compared to conventional methods, and achieved 100% trajectory recognition. Experiments revealed distinct thresholds of relative flow intensity (Θ_R = Θ/Θ_C, where Θ_C is the critical Shields number for entrainment) governing cluster evolution. In rectangular bed arrangements, clusters formed at 1.25 ≤ Θ_R < 1.75, stabilised at 1.75 ≤ Θ_R ≤ 2.00, and disintegrated at Θ_R > 2.00. In quincuncial arrangements, clusters formed at Θ_R = 1.25, disintegrated at Θ_R ≥ 1.50, with no stable phase observed. As Θ_R increased, the probability density distribution of cluster numbers exhibited a sequential transition from negatively skewed to normal, then to positively skewed, and finally to Poisson. Additionally, the critical drag force for the quincuncial arrangements was 73.82% of that for rectangular configurations, indicating greater flow sensitivity and more intense particle movement under identical hydraulic conditions. These findings enhance the understanding of bedload cluster dynamics and offer valuable insights into the microtopographic evolution in gravel-bed rivers.

河床群是砾石河床微地形特征，影响着泥沙输运、水流阻力和河床发育。本研究采用明渠水槽实验，研究了在水流强度依次增加的情况下，以盾构数Θ（水力剪切应力与颗粒阻力之比）为特征的顺质团簇的连续演化。通过集成自适应高斯混合建模、双阶段去噪和联合卡尔曼-匈牙利框架，开发了一种增强的运动轨迹跟踪算法，显著优于传统的最近邻方法。与传统方法相比，改进后的算法将粒子坐标识别误差降低了70%，变异系数降低了66%，实现了100%的轨迹识别。实验揭示了不同的相对流动强度阈值（ΘR = Θ/ΘC，其中ΘC是夹带的临界屏蔽数）控制簇演化。在矩形床层布置中，团簇在1.25≤ΘR <； 1.75时形成，在1.75≤ΘR≤2.00时稳定，在ΘR >； 2.00时瓦解。在五周期排列中，团簇在ΘR = 1.25时形成，在ΘR≥1.50时瓦解，没有观察到稳定相。随着ΘR的增大，聚类数的概率密度分布呈现出由负偏态→正偏态→正偏态→泊松态的顺序转变。此外，环形布置的临界阻力是矩形布置的73.82%，表明在相同水力条件下，更大的流动敏感性和更强烈的颗粒运动。这些发现增强了对河床群动力学的理解，并为砾石河床微地形演化提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0