Advances in Water Resources最新文献_第3页

Ephemeral reservoirs of low-head wadi dams drained by seepage, evaporation and pumping: the Pavlovsky/Polubarinova-Kochina/Abel analytical legacy redux 渗流、蒸发和抽水排干的低水头瓦底大坝的短暂水库：Pavlovsky/Polubarinova-Kochina/Abel分析遗产Redux

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105201

Anvar Kacimov

Transient 2-D seepage through a porous bed of a wadi, where a small-head dam is constructed, is studied with the help of conformal mappings (the Schwarz-Christoffel formula), based on the analytical solution obtained by Pavlovsky and Polubarinova-Kochina and used by geotechnical engineers a century ago. The dam has a vertical cutoff wall, placed at an arbitrary distance between the head water and tail water. Evaporation from the reservoir horizontal water surface, as well as pumping (or injection) are contributing to the mass balance in the head water that gives an ODE, which is solved either exactly (if no pumping or a constant rate pumping that gives either a linear or the Abel ODE, solved two centuries ago), or by a computer algebra routine of numerical integration (as the Cauchy problem with a “time front” indicating a complete depletion of the reservoir). Optimal design problems are solved, aiming at smart management of the reservoir water storage that will help mini-farms or camel-goat ranches on the wadi banks, which use the reservoir water for irrigation and animal husbandry in harsh environment of Arabia (or other hyperarid regions). Numerical modeling in HYDRUS2D demonstrates kinematics of saturated-unsaturated seepage for the cases of unclogged and clogged reservoir bed. Subsurface hydrology of cascades of dams, including groundwater recharged ones, is also discussed from the perspective of smart water retention and flow in ephemeral and intermittent streams of drylands.

在Pavlovsky和Polubarinova-Kochina的解析解的基础上，利用共形映射（Schwarz-Christoffel公式）研究了小水头坝在河道多孔河床中的瞬态二维渗流，该解析解在一个世纪前被岩土工程师使用。大坝有一个垂直的截水墙，在头水和尾水之间任意距离放置。水库水平水面的蒸发，以及抽水（或注入）都有助于水头水的质量平衡，从而得到ODE，这可以精确地解决（如果没有抽水或恒定速率抽水，得到线性或阿伯ODE，两个世纪前解决），或者通过计算机代数程序的数值积分（如“时间前沿”的柯西问题，表明水库完全枯竭）。解决了优化设计问题，旨在对水库蓄水进行智能管理，帮助小型农场或河堤上的骆驼山羊牧场在阿拉伯（或其他极端干旱地区）恶劣的环境中使用水库水进行灌溉和畜牧业。在HYDRUS2D中进行数值模拟，模拟了未堵塞和堵塞储层情况下饱和-非饱和渗流的运动学。本文还从旱地短流和间歇流的智能蓄水和流动的角度，讨论了坝级（包括地下水补给）的地下水文。

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引用次数: 0

A modified capillary pressure–saturation model for unsaturated flow in asphalt mixtures and hydraulic behavior analysis 沥青混合料非饱和流动的改进毛细管压力-饱和模型及水力特性分析

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105203

Xinxing Bian , Huining Xu , Shiyuan Li

The capillary pressure–saturation (P_c–S) relationship is a critical constitutive model for modeling multiphase flow in unsaturated porous media. In the context of asphalt pavements, however, existing P_c–S models predominantly rely on direct adoption of empirical formulations in unsaturated soil, lack rigorous experimental validation, and often fail to capture the unsaturated hydraulic characteristics of pavement materials. This study aims to (1) develop a continuous mathematical framework for the P_c–S relationship in asphalt mixtures by integrating the physical constraints derived from experimental data with the functional form of classical models, and (2) elucidate the impact of this relationship on unsaturated seepage dynamics. A modified van Genuchten model was formulated to provide a concise, physically consistent P_c–S function. The proposed model demonstrates improved fidelity to experimental data compared to conventional soil-based hydraulic models, while preserving mathematical tractability. By implementing this P_c–S constitutive relationship within a numerical solver (SEEP/W) for the Richards equation, the hysteretic behavior of unsaturated flow was simulated in asphalt mixtures. The simulations reveal that the unsaturated flow analysis, incorporating the proposed P_c–S relationship, predicts a more complex and realistic moisture transport regime than the saturated flow approximation, and can reflect the observed in-service behavior of pavements. This work advances understanding of moisture transport in unsaturated asphalt mixtures and provides a useful tool for evaluating the long-term hydraulic performance in pavement–subsurface water systems.

毛细管压力-饱和度（Pc-S）关系是模拟非饱和多孔介质中多相流动的重要本构模型。然而，对于沥青路面，现有的Pc-S模型主要依赖于直接采用非饱和土的经验公式，缺乏严格的实验验证，往往无法捕捉路面材料的非饱和水力特性。本研究旨在(1)通过整合实验数据得出的物理约束与经典模型的函数形式，建立沥青混合料Pc-S关系的连续数学框架；(2)阐明该关系对非饱和渗流动力学的影响。一个改进的van Genuchten模型被制定，以提供一个简洁的，物理一致的Pc-S功能。与传统的基于土壤的水力模型相比，该模型在保持数学可追溯性的同时，提高了对实验数据的保真度。通过在Richards方程的数值求解器（SEEP/W）中实现Pc-S本构关系，模拟了沥青混合料中非饱和流动的滞后行为。模拟结果表明，结合Pc-S关系的非饱和流动分析比饱和流动近似预测更复杂、更真实的水分输运情况，并能反映观察到的路面在使用中的行为。这项工作促进了对非饱和沥青混合料中水分运移的理解，并为评估路面-地下水系统的长期水力性能提供了有用的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Multiscale projection-based embedded discrete fracture modeling approach for CO2 storage in deep saline aquifers 基于多尺度投影的深部含盐含水层CO2封存嵌入离散裂缝建模方法

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105200

Mengjie Zhao , Ryan Haagenson , Marc Gerritsma , Hadi Hajibeygi

This study introduces a multiscale simulation framework, termed Projection-based Embedded Discrete Fracture Modeling with Algebraic Dynamic Multilevel method (pEDFM-ADM), which integrates an embedded discrete fracture network representation with a fully algebraic, front-tracking-based mesh adaptation strategy. Incorporating a fully implicit scheme, compositional thermodynamics, and algebraic multilevel operators, the framework captures essential subsurface processes such as buoyancy-driven migration, convective dissolution, phase partitioning, and fracture-matrix interactions under geologically realistic conditions. The method constructs a hierarchy of multilevel grids and localized multiscale basis functions that introduce fine-scale heterogeneities at each coarse level. Adaptive mesh refinement and coarsening are driven by local variations in CO₂ mass fraction and executed through algebraic prolongation and restriction operators, enabling efficient projection between grid levels. The framework is systematically evaluated across a sequence of test cases with increasing complexity, including systems with low-permeability flow barriers, highly conductive fractures, striking a trade-off between computational resource and detailed simulation accuracy. Overall, the pEDFM-ADM framework provides a scalable, fully algebraic, and physically adaptive modeling tool for large-scale CO₂ storage simulations in fractured porous media, supporting predictive simulation and risk assessment for long-term carbon sequestration.

本研究引入了一种多尺度模拟框架，称为基于投影的嵌入式离散裂缝建模与代数动态多级方法（pEDFM-ADM），该框架将嵌入式离散裂缝网络表示与完全代数的、基于前端跟踪的网格自适应策略集成在一起。该框架结合了完全隐式方案、成分热力学和代数多层运算符，捕捉了地质现实条件下的基本地下过程，如浮力驱动的运移、对流溶解、相分配和裂缝-基质相互作用。该方法构建了多层次网格和局部多尺度基函数的层次结构，在每个粗层次上引入了精细尺度的异质性。自适应网格细化和粗化是由二氧化碳质量分数的局部变化驱动的，并通过代数扩展和限制算子执行，从而实现网格层之间的有效投影。该框架通过一系列复杂的测试案例进行系统评估，包括具有低渗透流障、高导流裂缝的系统，在计算资源和详细的模拟精度之间进行权衡。总体而言，pEDFM-ADM框架为裂缝性多孔介质中大规模二氧化碳封存模拟提供了一个可扩展的、完全代数的、物理自适应的建模工具，支持长期碳封存的预测模拟和风险评估。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of wave forcing on groundwater and solute transport in lakeshore zone 波浪强迫对湖滨带地下水和溶质运移的影响

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105199

Xuesong Ding , Xiayang Yu , Xinghua Xu , Pei Xin

Waves are common in lakes and produce high-frequency water level fluctuations, which likely affect groundwater flow and solute transport in lakeshore zones. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study used laboratory experiments and numerical simulations to investigate wave-driven surface water-groundwater exchange and solute transport. Results show that waves alter the hydraulic gradient to modify groundwater flow and drive water circulation in the lakeshore zone. Waves enhance water exchange between the lake and inland, while suppressing the net discharge of groundwater into the lake. Waves also alter subsurface solute pathways, shifting discharge zones toward the lake and increasing solute travel time. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the circulation zone extent and the lacustrine groundwater discharge rate are sensitive to wave height, wave period and inland groundwater level. Larger waves expand circulation areas and increase lacustrine groundwater discharge, whereas higher inland groundwater levels reduce circulation zones. These findings emphasize the role of waves in regulating hydrological and solute transport processes in lakeshore zones.

波浪在湖泊中很常见，并产生高频水位波动，这可能影响湖岸地区的地下水流动和溶质运输。然而，潜在的机制仍不清楚。本文采用室内实验和数值模拟相结合的方法对波浪驱动地表水-地下水交换和溶质运移进行了研究。结果表明，波浪通过改变水力梯度来改变湖滨带地下水流量，驱动水循环。波浪加强了湖泊与内陆之间的水交换，同时抑制了地下水进入湖泊的净排放量。波浪也改变了地下的溶质路径，使排放区向湖泊移动，增加了溶质的传播时间。敏感性分析表明，环流带范围和湖泊地下水流量对波高、波周期和内陆地下水位敏感。较大的波浪扩大了环流面积，增加了湖泊地下水排放量，而较高的内陆地下水水位则减少了环流面积。这些发现强调了波浪在调节湖滨带水文和溶质运输过程中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Handling fracture intersections in the enriched-embedded discrete fracture model (nEDFM) 富嵌入离散裂缝模型（nEDFM）中裂缝相交的处理

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105198

Kaituo Jiao , Meng Yu , Yongwei Li , Dongxu Han , Yujie Chen , Bofeng Bai , Bo Yu

The embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) with non-conforming grids has been widely used for simulating flow in fractured porous media; however, it suffers from limited accuracy in computing matrix-fracture mass exchange and fails to handle naturally cemented (blocking) fractures. To address these limitations, the enriched-embedded discrete fracture model (nEDFM) is proposed. The core idea of nEDFM lies in defining the local shape function that approximates the pressure distribution within the interaction region (IR). This function can capture discontinuities in pressure and its gradient across both conductive and blocking fractures and is applicable to media with isotropic or anisotropic matrix permeability. Nonetheless, the original local shape function is limited to cases with at most one fracture in the IR and cannot represent the complex discontinuous pressure fields arising from multiple intersecting fractures. This paper extends nEDFM to fracture intersection scenarios through two key innovations: 1) based on two modification criteria for local shape functions under multiple-fracture configurations, enriched degrees of freedom are reallocated to intersecting fracture cells, and corresponding discontinuous functions are designed to construct new local shape functions that can handle arbitrary intersections of conductive/blocking fractures; 2) to address the inaccuracy of the star-delta transformation in computing flow interaction between fractures with large permeability contrast, the permeability of the intersection area between conductive/blocking fractures is incorporated to establish an improved star-delta formulation. Four numerical cases involving intersecting or closely spaced fractures are conducted to evaluate the relative error and computational cost of nEDFM in comparison with EDFM, projected EDFM, and other non-conforming grid-based methods. The results show that nEDFM can accurately capture the pressure distribution within both conductive and blocking fractures, and effectively represent discontinuities when these fractures intersect or are in close proximity. Overall, nEDFM achieves an excellent balance among accuracy, computational efficiency, and general applicability, demonstrating strong potential for further development and practical implementation.

非均匀网格嵌入离散裂缝模型（EDFM）已广泛应用于裂缝性多孔介质的渗流模拟。然而，它在计算基质-裂缝质量交换方面的精度有限，并且无法处理自然胶结（阻塞）裂缝。针对这些局限性，提出了富嵌入离散裂缝模型（nEDFM）。nEDFM的核心思想在于定义近似于相互作用区域（IR）内压力分布的局部形状函数。该函数可以捕捉传导裂缝和阻断裂缝的压力不连续及其梯度，适用于各向同性或各向异性基质渗透率的介质。然而，原始的局部形状函数仅限于IR中最多有一条裂缝的情况，不能代表多个相交裂缝产生的复杂不连续压力场。本文通过两个关键创新将nEDFM扩展到裂缝相交场景：1)基于多裂缝构型下的两种局部形状函数修正准则，将丰富自由度重新分配到相交的裂缝单元中，并设计相应的不连续函数，构建新的局部形状函数，可以处理导电/阻塞裂缝的任意相交；2)为解决星δ变换在计算渗透率对比大的裂缝间流动相互作用时的不准确性问题，引入导/堵裂缝相交区域渗透率，建立改进的星δ公式。通过4个涉及相交裂缝或紧密裂缝的数值案例，对比EDFM、投影EDFM和其他非一致性网格方法，评估了nEDFM的相对误差和计算成本。结果表明，nEDFM可以准确地捕获导电裂缝和封堵裂缝内的压力分布，并有效地表示裂缝相交或靠近时的不连续面。总的来说，nEDFM在准确性、计算效率和一般适用性之间取得了很好的平衡，显示出进一步发展和实际实施的强大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Generative modeling of three-dimensional multiphase flow in porous media 多孔介质中三维多相流的生成建模

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105196

Serveh Kamrava

Understanding multiphase flow in porous media requires models that capture complex pore geometries and reproduce realistic fluid distributions under diverse boundary conditions. In this paper, we propose a generative framework that combines variational machine learning with a denoising diffusion approach to build 3D multiphase pore structures directly from micro-CT images. The model is trained on small subvolumes to balance resolution with computational feasibility, enabling efficient training and rapid generation of new realizations. Quantitative comparisons show good agreement between generated and experimental samples across morphological metrics and statistical functions, while permeability distributions are reproduced within the range of variability. The variational component of the proposed method provides a compact latent representation that accelerates sampling and also increases the diversity of multiphase configurations that the model can generate, capturing a wider range of pore-scale fluid distributions. The framework allows tiling strategies to produce larger domains that remain consistent with pore-scale data, to scale from local heterogeneity to larger representative volumes. This method generates ensembles of realistic multiphase structures that can be used as input for sampling, conditioning, and optimization workflows in porous media applications.

理解多孔介质中的多相流需要能够捕捉复杂孔隙几何形状的模型，并在不同的边界条件下重现真实的流体分布。在本文中，我们提出了一个结合变分机器学习和去噪扩散方法的生成框架，直接从微ct图像中构建3D多相孔隙结构。该模型在小子体积上进行训练，以平衡分辨率和计算可行性，从而实现高效训练和快速生成新实现。定量比较表明，在形态度量和统计函数上，生成样品和实验样品之间具有良好的一致性，而渗透率分布在变异性范围内重现。该方法的变分成分提供了一个紧凑的潜在表示，加速了采样，也增加了模型可以生成的多相配置的多样性，捕获了更大范围的孔隙尺度流体分布。该框架允许平铺策略产生与孔隙尺度数据保持一致的更大域，从局部异质性扩展到更大的代表性体积。该方法可生成实际多相结构的集成，可作为多孔介质应用中采样、调节和优化工作流程的输入。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing hydrological prediction in snow-dominant basins through multivariate calibration-assimilation framework 利用多元校准-数据同化框架加强积雪优势流域水文预测

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105192

Fatemeh Rezaei Aderyani , Keyhan Gavahi , Hamid Moradkhani

This study introduces a novel multivariate data assimilation framework for snow-dominant basins to enhance hydrologic prediction capabilities. Applied to 94 snow-dominant watersheds from the CAMELS dataset over a 30-year period, our approach first implements a multivariate calibration strategy that optimizes Snow-17 model parameters using observed snow water equivalent (SWE) and SACSMA model parameters using observed streamflow. This calibration strategy improved SWE prediction while maintaining streamflow performance. Following this calibration, we implemented a multivariate data assimilation using the Evolutionary Particle Filter with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (EPFM) algorithm. This system simultaneously integrates both SWE and streamflow observations with the models, enhancing prediction accuracy according to multiple performance measure. The framework demonstrates exceptional seasonal performance, with peak SWE prediction skill in winter and improved accuracy in predicting peak flow during spring snowmelt. Over 90 % of the basins showed improved peak flow prediction, critical for water resources planning and management. A comprehensive assessment across diverse geographic regions, hydroclimatic conditions, and multiple metrics confirms the framework's robustness and versatility.

为提高积雪优势流域的水文预报能力，提出了一种新的多变量数据同化框架。该方法应用于骆驼数据集30年期间的94个雪主导流域，首先实现了一种多变量校准策略，利用观测到的雪水当量（SWE）优化snow- 17模型参数，利用观测到的流量优化SACSMA模型参数。该校准策略在保持水流性能的同时提高了SWE预测。在此校准之后，我们使用带有马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗（EPFM）算法的进化粒子滤波实现了多变量数据同化。该系统同时将SWE和流量观测数据与模型相结合，根据多种性能指标提高了预测精度。该框架表现出优异的季节性能，在冬季具有峰值SWE预测能力，而在春季融雪期间预测峰值流量的准确性有所提高。超过90%的流域的峰值流量预测得到改善，这对水资源规划和管理至关重要。对不同地理区域、水文气候条件和多种指标的综合评估证实了该框架的稳健性和通用性。

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引用次数: 0

Decision-making under uncertainty for LT-ATES systems in complex subsurface settings: application to a low-transmissivity aquifer 复杂地下环境中LT-ATES系统的不确定性决策：在低透射率含水层中的应用

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105193

Luka Tas , Jef Caers , Thomas Hermans

Low-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage systems (LT-ATES) store excess thermal energy in the subsurface and recover it when needed to heat and cool buildings sustainably. Complex subsurface settings are increasingly targeted for storage. Existing design guidelines cannot be readily applied because they were developed for homogeneous sandy aquifers. In complex settings, subsurface uncertainty translates into uncertainty about system feasibility or efficiency. This paper introduces a method to establish a decision tree for ATES based on uncertainty analysis. It combines Monte Carlo simulations of groundwater flow and heat transport with sensitivity analysis, joint probability distribution estimation and kernel density estimation. For illustration the method is applied to a low-transmissivity aquifer where hydraulic and thermal feasibility are the main prediction targets. Sensitivity analyses based on clustering reveal the impact of model parameters and engineering actions on both prediction targets. In the specific case study, we find for example that storage conditions with transmissivity below 20 m²/d lead to inefficient systems. Desirable storage conditions have transmissivity above 40 m²/d, while intermediate values require thorough risk analysis. Thermal breakthrough risk is higher when longitudinal dispersivity is above 3 m. Further, our approach results in some minimum requirements in terms of subsurface properties that have to be reached for which an investment is justified. On top, the decision tree proposes target engineering actions to decrease investment risk while optimizing return. As such, the proposed method effectively guides early investment decisions for LT-ATES in complex subsurface settings without requiring field data.

低温含水层热能储存系统（LT-ATES）将多余的热能储存在地下，并在需要时回收，以可持续地加热和冷却建筑物。复杂的地下环境越来越多地成为存储的目标。现有的设计准则不能轻易适用，因为它们是针对均质砂质含水层制定的。在复杂的环境中，地下的不确定性转化为系统可行性或效率的不确定性。介绍了一种基于不确定性分析的ATES决策树的建立方法。它将蒙特卡罗模拟地下水流动和热输运与灵敏度分析、联合概率分布估计和核密度估计相结合。为了说明该方法应用于低透射率含水层，其中水力和热可行性是主要预测目标。基于聚类的敏感性分析揭示了模型参数和工程行为对两个预测目标的影响。在具体的案例研究中，我们发现，例如，传输率低于20 m²/d的存储条件会导致系统效率低下。理想的储存条件下，透过率应高于40 m²/d，而中间值则需要进行彻底的风险分析。当纵向分散度大于3 m时，热突破风险较高。此外，我们的方法在地下属性方面产生了一些最低要求，必须达到这些要求才能证明投资是合理的。决策树提出目标工程行动，以降低投资风险，同时优化收益。因此，所提出的方法可以有效地指导LT-ATES在复杂地下环境中的早期投资决策，而无需现场数据。

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引用次数: 0

A simple derivation of the geometric theorems for averaging and Errata for the article Adv. Water Res., 32 (2013) 340-352 平均几何定理的简单推导及文章的勘误表。水利学报，32 (2013):340-352

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105181

Francisco J. Valdés-Parada , Didier Lasseux , Brian D. Wood

The derivation of upscaled models using the volume averaging method involves the use of the spatial averaging theorem. From its use, further geometrical identities arise when it is applied to a position vector or its dyadic products at the

n

th-order, i.e., the

n

-adic product. The derivation of these geometrical identities is revised in this work in a concise manner that corrects some inconsistencies in the technical note by Wood (2013). These new derivations strengthen the use of the volume averaging method in many transfer problems, in particular in porous media.

用体积平均法推导上尺度模型涉及到空间平均定理的使用。从它的使用，进一步的几何恒等式产生，当它被应用到一个位置向量或其在n阶的并矢积，即n进积。这些几何恒等式的推导在这项工作中以简洁的方式进行了修订，纠正了Wood（2013）的技术说明中的一些不一致之处。这些新的推导加强了体积平均法在许多传递问题中的应用，特别是在多孔介质中。

引用次数: 0

Generative adversarial network-based super-resolution of subsurface rock images: Visual, petrophysical, and flow simulation assessment 基于生成对抗网络的地下岩石图像超分辨率：视觉、岩石物理和流体模拟评估

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105184

Mohammad Hamidian, Rohaldin Miri, Hossein Fazeli

High-resolution (HR) micro-CT imaging of porous reservoir rocks plays a critical role in digital rock physics and flow simulations, yet it is limited by the resolution–field-of-view trade-off. To address this challenge, we propose a Pore-Preserving Denoised Generative Adversarial Network (PPD-GAN), trained on denoised, HR two-dimensional computed tomography (CT) slices to recover fine-scale pore structures from low-resolution (LR) images. The PPD-GAN model is systematically compared against seven convolutional neural network (CNN)-based SR methods and bicubic interpolation using both image-based metrics—including Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) and Learned Perceptual Image Patch Similarity (LPIPS)—and a comprehensive set of petro-physical metrics, including porosity, connectivity, pore size distribution, skeleton topology, and grain boundary preservation. Results show that although CNN models yield high pixel-wise fidelity, the PPD-GAN model achieves superior perceptual quality and reconstructs structural features that are consistently closer to ground truth across all physical metrics. Furthermore, pore-scale transport simulations on three-dimensional (3D) core images confirm that PPD-GAN outputs accurately replicate ground-truth (GT) properties such as permeability, diffusivity, and relative permeability—substantially outperforming bicubic interpolation. These findings demonstrate that the proposed PPD-GAN model not only enhances visual resolution but also preserves physically meaningful characteristics, enabling reliable downstream simulation and analysis.

多孔储层岩石的高分辨率（HR）微ct成像在数字岩石物理和流动模拟中起着至关重要的作用，但它受到分辨率和视场权衡的限制。为了解决这一挑战，我们提出了一种保留孔隙的去噪生成对抗网络（PPD-GAN），该网络在去噪的HR二维计算机断层扫描（CT）切片上进行训练，以从低分辨率（LR）图像中恢复精细尺度的孔隙结构。利用基于图像的指标（包括峰值信噪比（PSNR）、结构相似指数测量（SSIM）和学习感知图像斑块相似度（LPIPS））和一套全面的岩石物理指标（包括孔隙度、连通性、孔径分布、骨架拓扑结构和晶粒边界保存），将PPD-GAN模型与7种基于卷积神经网络（CNN）的SR方法和双三次插值进行了系统比较。结果表明，尽管CNN模型产生了高像素保真度，但PPD-GAN模型实现了卓越的感知质量，并重建了在所有物理指标中始终更接近地面真相的结构特征。此外，三维（3D）岩心图像上的孔隙尺度输运模拟证实，PPD-GAN输出准确地复制了渗透率、扩散率和相对渗透率等地面真值（GT）属性，大大优于双三次插值。这些发现表明，所提出的PPD-GAN模型不仅提高了视觉分辨率，而且保留了物理上有意义的特征，从而实现了可靠的下游模拟和分析。

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