Advances in Water Resources最新文献_第2页

A parsimonious tail compliant multiscale statistical model for aggregated rainfall 汇总降雨的简约尾顺性多尺度统计模型

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105216

Pierre Ailliot , Carlo Gaetan , Philippe Naveau

Modeling the probability distribution of rainfall intensities at different aggregation scales, say from sub-hourly to weekly, has always played a key role in most hydrological risk analysis, in particular in the computation of Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves. Since any aggregation procedure involves accumulating rainfall over a prescribed time window, it naturally induces simple mathematical constraints related to summation. In particular, return levels inferred from a statistical model should be ordered across time scales, reflecting for example the fact that observed daily accumulations necessarily exceed those at sub-daily scales. From a statistical modeling perspective, each aggregation step combines information from shorter time scales without introducing additional data. Consequently, the number of model parameters should remain limited. Still, parsimonious aggregation models that describe the full distribution of rainfall intensities are sparse in the hydrological literature. In particular, most studies focus on extremes, e.g. by taking seasonal block maxima at different aggregation scales.

In this study, we propose a statistical framework that allows to model all rainfall intensities (low, medium and large) at different aggregation scales, while being parsimonious. To reach this goal, we use the extended generalized Pareto distribution (EGPD), which complies with extreme value theory for both low and high extremes and is flexible enough to capture the bulk of the distribution. We show a general result that explains how EGPD random variables behave under different types of aggregation procedures. Direct likelihood inference is difficult in our setting. However, by linking the EGPD class to Poisson compound sums, we can use the Panjer algorithm to quickly and efficiently evaluate the composite likelihood of our proposed model. As a result, return levels can be obtained for any return period, particularly those below the annual and seasonal scales. In addition, our approach insures that return levels do not cross with aggregation.

To demonstrate the applicability of our method, we analyze sub-hourly time series from six gauging stations in France that have different climatological features. For each station, we only need a total of eight parameters to capture aggregation scales from six minutes to three days. IDF curves above and below the annual scale are provided.

模拟降雨强度在不同聚集尺度上的概率分布，例如从次小时到周，一直在大多数水文风险分析中发挥关键作用，特别是在强度-持续时间-频率（IDF）曲线的计算中。由于任何聚集过程都涉及在规定的时间窗口内累积降雨量，因此自然会产生与总和相关的简单数学约束。特别是，从统计模型推断的回报水平应该跨时间尺度排序，例如反映观察到的每日累积必然超过次日累积的事实。从统计建模的角度来看，每个聚合步骤组合来自较短时间尺度的信息，而不引入额外的数据。因此，模型参数的数量应保持有限。尽管如此，在水文文献中，描述降雨强度完整分布的简约聚集模型仍然很稀少。特别是，大多数研究集中在极端情况下，例如在不同的聚集尺度上取季节性块最大值。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个统计框架，允许在不同的聚集尺度上模拟所有降雨强度（低、中、大），同时是简约的。为了达到这个目标，我们使用扩展广义帕累托分布（EGPD），它在低极值和高极值都符合极值理论，并且足够灵活，可以捕获分布的大部分。我们展示了一个一般的结果，解释了EGPD随机变量在不同类型的聚合过程下的行为。在我们的环境中，直接的似然推断是困难的。然而，通过将EGPD类与泊松复合和联系起来，我们可以使用Panjer算法快速有效地评估我们提出的模型的复合似然。因此，可以得到任何回访期的回访水平，特别是低于年和季节尺度的回访水平。此外，我们的方法确保返回级别不会与聚合交叉。为了证明我们方法的适用性，我们分析了法国六个具有不同气候特征的气象站的亚小时时间序列。对于每个站点，我们只需要总共8个参数来捕获从6分钟到3天的聚合尺度。提供了年比例尺以上和以下的IDF曲线。

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引用次数: 0

Topology-Adaptive Graph Attention Networks coupled with radial basis functions: A novel framework for hydraulic conductivity inversion in unstructured meshes 结合径向基函数的拓扑自适应图注意网络：一种非结构化网格中导电性反演的新框架

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105220

Zhao Guo, FuTian Ren, DanBing Mei, Fan Liu, ZengHui Li, XiaoWei Lu, Lei Huang

Accurate inversion of spatially distributed hydraulic conductivity (K) under sparse observations and unstructured meshes is essential for realistic groundwater simulation and effective resource management. This study presents a physics-informed deep learning framework that integrates a Multi-Resolution Radial Basis Network (MRRBN) and a Topology-Adaptive Graph Attention Network (TAGAT) to jointly reconstruct domain-wide head fields and invert the K field. The MRRBN employs multi-resolution spatial interpolation and data-driven weighting to recover continuous head fields from limited measurements. The TAGAT incorporates graph topology and physics-informed flow characteristics derived from Darcy’s law, including instantaneous fluxes and local source-sink dynamics, to capture short- and long-range dependencies across unstructured meshes. Evaluated on synthetic aquifer scenarios featuring heterogeneous conductivity, variable boundary conditions, and stochastic rainfall, the proposed model achieved the following metrics (training, validation): R² (0.89, 0.83), RMSE (0.683, 0.844), MAE (0.530, 0.642), and maintained robust accuracy under realistic levels of measurement noise. Residuals concentrate along conductivity-transition bands and mid-gradient zones where the sensitivity of head to K is low. We benchmark against graph-network baselines, treating multi-order topology and physics-informed features as independent factors, and we control model size by matching parameter counts under fixed data and training protocols. Results indicate a physically consistent, mesh-native solution for conductivity inversion with practical implications for site-scale groundwater analysis.

在稀疏观测和非结构化网格条件下，准确反演空间分布的导水系数(K)对于真实的地下水模拟和有效的资源管理至关重要。本研究提出了一个基于物理的深度学习框架，该框架集成了多分辨率径向基网络（MRRBN）和拓扑自适应图注意网络（TAGAT），以共同重建全域头部场并反转K场。MRRBN采用多分辨率空间插值和数据驱动加权从有限的测量中恢复连续的头部场。TAGAT结合了图形拓扑和基于达西定律的物理信息流特性，包括瞬时通量和局部源汇动态，以捕获非结构化网格间的短期和长期依赖关系。在具有非均匀电导率、可变边界条件和随机降雨的综合含水层情景下，该模型实现了以下指标（训练和验证）：R2（0.89, 0.83）、RMSE（0.683, 0.844）、MAE(0.530, 0.642)，并在实际测量噪声水平下保持了稳健的精度。残差集中在电导率过渡带和中梯度带，其中头部对K的敏感性较低。我们对图网络基线进行基准测试，将多阶拓扑和物理信息特征视为独立因素，并通过在固定数据和训练协议下匹配参数计数来控制模型大小。结果表明，电导率反演具有物理一致性，网格原生解决方案，具有现场尺度地下水分析的实际意义。

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引用次数: 0

Submarine faults strongly impact age and salinity distributions in offshore freshened groundwater systems 海底断裂强烈地影响着近海淡水系统的年龄和盐度分布

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105219

Yi-Peng Zhang , Barret L. Kurylyk , Anner Paldor

Coastal aquifers provide a vital connection between land and ocean, where the dynamics of groundwater flow and solute transport are influenced by confounding effects from hydrogeologic, morphologic, climatic, and oceanic forcings. Most previous studies of coastal and subsea aquifers have focused on aquifers with continuous structures, with few addressing submarine faults that can disrupt this continuity and play a controlling role in groundwater flow, salinity and age distributions. We investigate the understudied influence of submarine faults by simulating a generalized coastal aquifer-aquitard system with a fault cutting through the system, with simulations accounting for realistic sea-level rise over paleohydrogeologic timescales. Results show that faults reduce the extent of offshore freshened groundwater (OFG) regardless of their location. Faults proximal to the coastline serve as pathways for freshwater discharge, accounting for up to 18.1% of total submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), and transport groundwater that is 7 times older than the surrounding SGD. Conversely, faults located farther offshore act as conduits for downward seawater infiltration, rejuvenating deep aquifers by a negative peak of 2000 years with saline water. The two contrasting processes may regulate the chemical loads of groundwater through the seafloor. The dip of the aquitard has little impact on OFG extent but enhances the flux of groundwater discharge through the fault to the sea. The control of faults over groundwater flow peaks when the fault is oriented vertically. The findings suggest that special attention should be paid to submarine faults, which can strongly influence fresh groundwater resources and biogeochemical reactions in coastal/marine areas.

沿海含水层提供了陆地和海洋之间的重要联系，地下水流动和溶质运输的动态受到水文地质、形态、气候和海洋作用力的综合影响。以前对沿海和海底含水层的大多数研究都集中在具有连续结构的含水层上，很少涉及可能破坏这种连续性并对地下水流量、盐度和年龄分布起控制作用的海底断层。我们通过模拟一个具有断层贯穿系统的广义沿海含水层-含水层系统来研究海底断层的影响，并在古水文地质时间尺度上模拟实际海平面上升。结果表明，无论断层位于何处，断层都能减小近海淡水的分布范围。靠近海岸线的断层是淡水排放的通道，占海底地下水排放总量（SGD）的18.1%，并输送比周围SGD老7倍的地下水。相反，位于离岸较远的断层充当了海水向下渗透的管道，使深层含水层恢复了2000年的咸水负峰值。这两种不同的过程可以调节地下水通过海底的化学负荷。引水层倾角对断裂带输水程度影响不大，但增加了地下水经断裂带向海的流量。断层对地下水流的控制作用在断层垂直走向时达到顶峰。研究结果表明，应特别注意海底断裂，因为海底断裂对沿海/海洋地区的淡水资源和生物地球化学反应具有强烈的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Impacts of complex boundary conditions on spontaneous imbibition in gas-water systems 复杂边界条件对气水系统自吸的影响

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105218

Yihang Xiao , Zhenjiang You , Yongming He , Shuangshuang Sun , Lei Wang

Boundary conditions play a critical role in regulating the mechanical factors and flow patterns during spontaneous imbibition. While numerous studies have examined effects of boundary conditions using cylindrical cores, the anisotropic flow behaviors induced by geometric asymmetry and the limited boundary condition types in such geometries pose challenges for quantitative analysis. Moreover, prior research has primarily focused on static boundary conditions, neglecting the impact of time-varying scenarios. To address these gaps, this study employed four cubic rock samples to investigate imbibition process of gas-water systems under 12 static and 4 time-varying boundary conditions. The work systematically explores imbibition characteristics, gas drainage mechanisms, and the combined effects of boundary conditions and permeability. The results show that imbibition process under static boundary conditions exhibits distinct initial, transition, and late stages, whereas only the initial stage is observed under time-varying conditions. However, in low-permeability rock samples, a high water injection rate results in decreasing imbibition velocity during the end-stage imbibition, due to pronounced counter-current flow. Under static boundary conditions, gas is rapidly displaced from the core despite capillary back pressure. In contrast, under time-varying conditions, gas drainage remains unaffected by capillary back pressure, because gas expulsion occurs primarily through rock surfaces exposed to air. In addition, the number of open boundaries influences imbibition recovery and velocity, following different nonlinear trends. The transition stage contributes most significantly to the total imbibition recovery, yet the relative contributions of different imbibition stages remain independent of the number of open boundaries. Furthermore, increasing water injection rate enhances imbibition velocity under time-varying boundary conditions, but this effect becomes less pronounced once the injection rate exceeds a critical threshold. Interestingly, imbibition recoveries remain consistent across all time-varying and static boundary conditions, owing to strong hydrophilic interactions and efficient gas displacement. Additionally, imbibition capacity is significantly improved when more open boundaries or higher water injection rates are coupled with greater permeability. These observations provide new insights into the distinct imbibition mechanisms under complex boundary conditions.

边界条件对自发渗吸过程中的力学因素和流动模式起着至关重要的调节作用。尽管已有大量研究利用圆柱形岩心考察了边界条件的影响，但几何不对称和有限边界条件类型导致的各向异性流动行为给定量分析带来了挑战。此外，以往的研究主要集中在静态边界条件上，忽略了时变情景的影响。为了解决这些空白，本研究利用4个立方岩石样品，研究了12种静态和4种时变边界条件下气水系统的渗吸过程。系统地探讨了渗吸特征、瓦斯抽采机制以及边界条件和渗透率的综合影响。结果表明：静态边界条件下的渗吸过程呈现出不同的初始阶段、过渡阶段和后期阶段，而时变边界条件下只观察到初始阶段；然而，在低渗透岩石样品中，由于明显的逆流，高注水速度会导致吸胀末期吸胀速度降低。在静态边界条件下，尽管有毛细背压，气体仍迅速从岩心中排出。相比之下，在时变条件下，由于气体主要通过暴露于空气中的岩石表面排出，因此气体排放不受毛细管背压的影响。此外，开放边界的数量影响吸胀采收率和速度，并遵循不同的非线性趋势。过渡阶段对总渗吸采收率的贡献最大，但不同渗吸阶段的相对贡献与开放边界的数量无关。此外，在时变边界条件下，增加注水速度可以提高渗吸速度，但一旦注水速度超过临界阈值，这种效果就不那么明显了。有趣的是，由于强亲水性相互作用和高效驱气，渗吸采收率在所有时变和静态边界条件下都保持一致。此外，当更开放的边界或更高的注水速度加上更高的渗透率时，吸胀能力会显著提高。这些观察结果为复杂边界条件下不同的吸胀机制提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Chaotic advection in regional groundwater flow under periodic water table fluctuations: An analytical model with depth-dependent aquifer properties 地下水位周期性波动下区域地下水流动的混沌平流：一个含深度依赖含水层性质的解析模型

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105215

Saurabh Maurya, Ratan Sarmah, Ickkshaanshu Sonkar

Reliable prediction of groundwater flow dynamics is often hindered by the assumption of uniform aquifer parameters, leading to biased estimates of hydraulic head. Despite their well-established depth-dependence relationship, most analytical solutions remain restricted to homogeneous or single-layer aquifer systems. This study develops a two-dimensional transient analytical model for a multilayer regional aquifer driven by a fluctuating water table, explicitly incorporating depth-dependent hydraulic conductivity and specific storage while accounting for pumping. The analytical solution is derived using the Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT), ensuring implicit continuity of head and flux across layer interfaces without requiring iterative eigenvalue estimation, providing a rigorous framework to capture the complexities of stratified aquifers. Model verification is performed against a benchmark single-layer solution, and independent validation is carried out with COMSOL Multiphysics simulations, showing excellent agreement. Parameter influence and reliability are further assessed through global sensitivity analysis and uncertainty evaluation. A novel contribution of this work is the identification of chaotic flow behaviour within a three-layer Tóthian basin, analyzed using the Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponent (FTLE). Results show that chaotic dynamics are most pronounced near the upper boundary, where FTLE values are significantly higher than in deeper zones and further enhancement is observed under periodic injection. Moreover, specific storage is found to enhance the swirly motion of particle trajectories, increasing residence times near pseudo-stagnation zones. The proposed analytical framework bridges a critical gap in multilayer transient flow modeling, advances the theoretical understanding of stratified aquifer systems, and provides a robust benchmark for numerical and field-scale groundwater investigations.

地下水流动动力学的可靠预测往往受到均匀含水层参数假设的阻碍，导致水头估计有偏差。尽管它们建立了深度依赖关系，但大多数解析解仍然局限于均质或单层含水层系统。本研究建立了一个由波动地下水位驱动的多层区域含水层的二维瞬态分析模型，明确地结合了与深度相关的水力传导性和特定储水量，同时考虑了抽水。利用广义积分变换技术（GITT）推导了解析解，保证了水头和通量跨层界面的隐式连续性，而不需要迭代特征值估计，为捕获分层含水层的复杂性提供了严格的框架。针对基准单层解决方案进行了模型验证，并通过COMSOL多物理场仿真进行了独立验证，结果显示出良好的一致性。通过全局敏感性分析和不确定度评估，进一步评估了参数的影响和可靠性。这项工作的一个新贡献是识别三层Tóthian盆地内的混沌流动行为，使用有限时间李雅普诺夫指数（FTLE）进行分析。结果表明，在上边界附近，混沌动力学最为明显，其中FTLE值明显高于深部区域，并且在周期性注入下进一步增强。此外，发现特定的存储增强了粒子轨迹的漩涡运动，增加了在伪停滞区附近的停留时间。所提出的分析框架弥补了多层瞬态流动模型的关键缺陷，推进了对分层含水层系统的理论认识，并为数值和现场尺度地下水调查提供了一个可靠的基准。

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引用次数: 0

Pore-scale imaging of H₂, N₂, and CO₂ behavior in sandstone: Wettability, trapping, pore occupancy, and displacement patterns 砂岩中H₂、N₂和CO₂行为的孔隙尺度成像：润湿性、圈闭、孔隙占用和位移模式

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105213

Guanglei Zhang , Jinliang Chen , Yaxin Shao , Martin J. Blunt , Guowei Ma

Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) in porous aquifers is a promising solution for large-scale renewable energy storage. Despite growing interest in underground hydrogen storage, a fundamental gap remains in understanding whether hydrogen behaves distinctly from other subsurface gases at the pore scale. This study employs in situ micro-CT imaging to directly compare gas injection and withdrawal of H₂, N₂, and CO₂ in Bentheimer sandstone. The results confirm a water-wet system for all gases, with contact angles between 50° and 70°. However, significant differences in gas trapping and distribution emerged. After gas injection, the initial gas saturations were 33 % for H₂, 37 % for N₂, and 36 % for CO₂. After imbibition (withdrawal), H₂ exhibited the lowest residual saturation (14 %), compared to N₂ (25 %), while CO₂ was completely dissolved. Low residual saturation of H₂ indicate high recovery efficiency, which is a favorable for hydrogen storage. Analysis of gas ganglia revealed that H₂'s low viscosity and density promote capillary fingering and heterogeneous redistribution. In contrast, N₂'s higher viscosity facilitates stable displacement and higher residual saturation, making it a suitable candidate as a cushion gas. The capillary pressure for H₂ was found to be approximately 1.2 times higher than for N₂, a difference not fully explained by interfacial tension alone. These findings demonstrate that gas properties, particularly solubility and viscosity, govern pore-scale distribution and trapping mechanisms. Consequently, N₂ and CO₂ are poor proxies for predicting H₂ behavior, and accurate forecasting of UHS performance requires models that account for H₂'s mobility and its propensity for unstable flow.

多孔含水层地下储氢（UHS）是一种很有前途的大规模可再生能源储存方案。尽管人们对地下储氢的兴趣日益浓厚，但在了解氢气在孔隙尺度上是否与其他地下气体表现不同方面，仍然存在一个根本性的差距。本研究采用原位微ct成像技术，直接对比Bentheimer砂岩中H₂、N₂、CO₂的注、抽气情况。结果证实了水湿系统适用于所有气体，接触角在50°到70°之间。然而，在天然气捕获和分布方面出现了显著差异。注气后，初始气体饱和度H₂为33%，N₂为37%，CO₂为36%。在渗吸（抽吸）后，H₂的残余饱和度最低（14%），而N₂的残余饱和度最低（25%），而CO₂完全溶解。H 2残余饱和度低，表明回收效率高，有利于储氢。气体神经节的分析表明，H₂的低粘度和密度促进了毛细管指动和非均质再分布。相比之下，n2的高粘度有利于稳定的驱替和较高的残余饱和度，使其成为缓冲气体的合适人选。研究发现，H₂的毛细管压力大约是N₂的1.2倍，这种差异不能完全用界面张力来解释。这些发现表明，气体性质，特别是溶解度和粘度，控制着孔隙尺度分布和捕集机制。因此，N₂和CO₂是预测H₂行为的不良代理，而对UHS性能的准确预测需要考虑H₂的流动性及其不稳定流动倾向的模型。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-mechanism modeling of gas-liquid hydraulic conductance 气液水力传导的多机理建模

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105214

Qingyuan Zhu , Keliu Wu , Qiqi Liu , Fei Peng , Shengting Zhang , Jianlin Zhao , Jing Li , Japan Trivedi , Zhangxin Chen

Hydraulic conductance is crucial for determining fluid transport capacity in porous media during energy recovery and storage. Inspired by the quasi-steady-state assumption of seepage flows, we developed a numerical model coupling creeping flow, momentum transfer, and interfacial slip, enabling precise modeling of two-phase hydraulic conductance under various mechanisms. We generated tens of thousands of data samples and constructed three machine learning models for hydraulic conductance prediction. Validation results demonstrate that these models outperform traditional empirical models in accuracy. Viscous coupling enhances the wetting phase conductance more significantly than the non-wetting phase, with its effect controlled by fluid and geometric configuration. A dimensionless slip length exceeding 0.01 elevates wetting phase conductance but has limited impact on the non-wetting phase. Non-wetting phase slip boosts the hydraulic conductance of both phases at a Knudsen number exceeding 0.01. The wetting film profoundly reshapes the velocity profiles and amplifies viscous coupling effect, with wetting film flow contributing as much as 60∼100% to the total wetting phase flow. Wetting film also strengthens the impact of slip on both phases' conductance. These findings highlight the intricate mechanisms controlling gas-liquid hydraulic conductance, especially the powerful control of wetting film, which is often underestimated in current pore-scale to core-scale analyses.

在能量回收和储存过程中，水力导度是决定流体在多孔介质中传输能力的关键因素。受渗流准稳态假设的启发，我们建立了一个耦合蠕变流动、动量传递和界面滑移的数值模型，从而能够精确模拟各种机制下的两相水力导度。我们生成了数以万计的数据样本，并构建了三种用于水力导度预测的机器学习模型。验证结果表明，这些模型在精度上优于传统的经验模型。黏性耦合对润湿相电导率的提高比非润湿相更显著，其影响受流体和几何构型的控制。超过0.01的无因次滑移长度提高了润湿相的电导率，但对非润湿相的影响有限。非润湿相滑移提高了两相的水力导度，其无因次克努森数超过0.01。润湿膜深刻地重塑了速度分布，放大了粘性耦合效应，润湿膜流量对总润湿相流的贡献高达60 ~ 100%。湿膜也增强了滑移对两相电导的影响。这些发现强调了控制气液水力电导的复杂机制，特别是润湿膜的强大控制，这在目前的孔隙尺度到岩心尺度的分析中经常被低估。

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引用次数: 0

Pore-scale dynamics of multiphase reactive transport in water-wet carbonates under co2-acidified brine injection: Dissolution patterns and reaction rates co2酸化盐水注入下水湿碳酸盐多相反应输运的孔隙尺度动力学：溶解模式和反应速率

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105202

Qianqian Ma , Rukuan Chai , Sajjad Foroughi , Yanghua Wang , Martin J. Blunt , Branko Bijeljic

Depleted carbonate reservoirs are promising sites for geological CO

_{2}

storage, yet the presence of residual hydrocarbon introduces complex pore-scale interactions that influence the dynamics of solid dissolution. We combined time-resolved X-ray microtomography (micro-CT), core-flooding experiments, and pore-scale modeling to investigate how residual hydrocarbon affects dissolution patterns and effective reaction rates during CO

_{2}

-acidified brine injection into Ketton limestone under reservoir conditions. We find that the pore structure and fluid distribution control flow heterogeneity, reactive surface accessibility, dissolution patterns and the reaction rates. At low injection rate, two distinct dissolution patterns were observed: 1) a positive feedback loop of channel widening that efficiently enhanced transport properties; and 2) a suppressed regime in which heterogeneity and hydrocarbon blockage resulted in only a modest increase in permeability. At high injection rates, a more uniform dissolution occurred caused by re-mobilization of hydrocarbon that initially blocked the flow of brine. Effective reaction rates in two-phase flow were lower than in the equivalent single-phase case and up to two orders of magnitude lower than the batch rates due to persistent transport limitations. These findings provide mechanistic insights into multiphase reactive transport in carbonates and highlight the importance of accurately understanding the impact of the residual phase on reactions to improve predictions of CO

_{2}

storage efficiency.

枯竭的碳酸盐岩储层是地质CO2储存的理想场所，但残余烃的存在引入了复杂的孔隙尺度相互作用，影响了固体溶解的动力学。我们结合了时间分辨x射线微断层扫描（micro-CT）、岩心驱油实验和孔隙尺度模型，研究了油藏条件下二氧化碳酸化盐水注入Ketton石灰岩过程中残余烃对溶解模式和有效反应速率的影响。我们发现孔隙结构和流体分布控制着流动非均质性、反应表面可达性、溶解模式和反应速率。在低注入速率下，观察到两种不同的溶解模式：1)通道加宽的正反馈回路有效地增强了输运性质；2)非均质性和油气堵塞只导致渗透率适度增加的抑制状态。在高注入速率下，由于碳氢化合物的再动员，最初阻碍了盐水的流动，导致了更均匀的溶解。由于持续的输运限制，两相流的有效反应速率低于等效的单相流，并且比批处理速率低两个数量级。这些发现为碳酸盐中多相反应输运提供了机理见解，并强调了准确理解剩余相对反应的影响对提高二氧化碳储存效率预测的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of observation and surrogate-model noises on deep learning-based subsurface heterogeneous structure identification through monitoring network optimization 观测噪声和替代模型噪声对基于深度学习的地下非均质结构监测网络优化识别的影响

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105204

Yuzhou Xia , Chuanjun Zhan , Zhenxue Dai , Jichun Wu , Xiaoying Zhang , Huichao Yin , Jiahe Yan , Junjun Chen , Zihao Wang , Mohamad Reza Soltanian , Kenneth C. Carroll

Accurate identification of subsurface structures is essential for enhancing geoscientific modeling and monitoring, thereby deepening the understanding of earth system. Although recent advances in deep learning have greatly enhanced the computational efficiency of structure identification, the identification accuracy can still be degraded by the spatial stochasticity of monitoring locations, observation noise and surrogate model noise. To address these challenges, this study develops a transition probability and entropy-based monitoring network optimization method, which can determine monitoring locations with high data worth. Based on this method, a synthetic contaminant transport experiment was conducted to obtain dynamic observations of hydraulic head, solute concentration, and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). The impacts of observation and model noise on inversion results for different data types were then quantitatively analyzed. The results indicate that ERT data exhibit strong noise resistance, with average identification accuracy reductions of only 1.59% and 2.24% under 15% observation noise and model noise, respectively. Moreover, incorporating ERT data into data fusion scenarios enhances the robustness of other observation types, particularly solute concentration data, for which the accuracy decrease is limited to 1.24% even under the highest observation noise level. Model noise not only reduces the accuracy of structure identification but also increases uncertainty, and this negative effect is further amplified in data fusion scenarios.

准确识别地下构造对于加强地球科学建模和监测，从而加深对地球系统的认识至关重要。尽管近年来深度学习的发展大大提高了结构识别的计算效率，但由于监测位置的空间随机性、观测噪声和替代模型噪声的影响，识别精度仍然会降低。针对这些挑战，本研究开发了一种基于转移概率和熵的监测网络优化方法，该方法可以确定具有高数据价值的监测位置。基于该方法，进行了合成污染物输运实验，获得了水头、溶质浓度和电阻率层析成像（ERT）的动态观测结果。然后定量分析了观测噪声和模型噪声对不同数据类型反演结果的影响。结果表明，ERT数据具有较强的抗噪能力，在15%的观测噪声和模型噪声下，ERT数据的平均识别准确率分别仅降低1.59%和2.24%。此外，将ERT数据纳入数据融合场景，增强了其他观测类型的鲁棒性，特别是溶质浓度数据，即使在最高观测噪声水平下，其精度下降也限制在1.24%以内。模型噪声不仅降低了结构识别的精度，而且增加了不确定性，这种负面影响在数据融合场景中进一步放大。

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引用次数: 0

A statistical and simulation-informed model for estimating permeability from pore size distribution in saturated geomaterials 基于孔隙尺寸分布估算饱和岩土渗透率的统计和模拟模型

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105197

Mengwei Liu, Yongkoo Seol

Accurate permeability estimation is essential across subsurface engineering applications but remains challenging due to the complex pore structures of natural geomaterials. Traditional empirical methods and simplified theoretical models often inadequately capture the role of pore size distribution and connectivity. This study develops a statistical and simulation-informed permeability model that collapses pore-scale complexity into a compact scaling of the form k = αϕμ_d², where ϕ is porosity, μ_d is mean pore size, and α is a weakly varying coefficient. By combining pore network simulations with statistical analysis of unimodal and bimodal pore size distributions, we identify three key findings: (i) permeability is much more sensitive to mean pore size than to porosity; (ii) across extensive datasets, the ratio σ_d/μ_d (standard deviation to mean) clusters around a characteristic value ∼0.4, allowing the effects of the full pore size distribution to be represented by μ_dand a narrowly varying α ≈ 0.05; and (iii) for bimodal systems, there exists a critical fraction of small pores ∼0.78 above which flow becomes small-pore dominated, enabling the definition of an effective flow-controlling pore population and facilitating simplified permeability estimation for such systems. The resulting model, which requires only porosity and a representative mean pore size as inputs, is validated against comprehensive experimental datasets (>1700 samples) spanning diverse soils and rocks and achieves good predictive accuracy. Overall, this work provides a physically grounded yet practically simple permeability estimator suitable for subsurface engineering, environmental protection, and resource management applications.

准确的渗透率估计在地下工程应用中是必不可少的，但由于天然岩土材料的复杂孔隙结构，仍然具有挑战性。传统的经验方法和简化的理论模型往往不能充分反映孔径分布和连通性的作用。本研究开发了一个基于统计和模拟的渗透率模型，该模型将孔隙尺度复杂性分解为k = αϕμd2的紧凑尺度，其中φ为孔隙度，μd为平均孔径，α为弱变化系数。通过将孔隙网络模拟与单峰和双峰孔径分布的统计分析相结合，我们发现了三个关键发现：(1)渗透率对平均孔径比孔隙度更敏感；（ii）在广泛的数据集中，σd/μd（标准差与平均值）的比值在特征值~ 0.4附近聚集，使得整个孔径分布的影响可以用μd和狭窄变化的α≈0.05表示；（iii）对于双峰系统，存在一个小孔隙的临界分数~ 0.78，在此分数以上，流动以小孔隙为主，从而可以定义有效的控制流动的孔隙种群，并简化此类系统的渗透率估计。该模型只需要孔隙度和具有代表性的平均孔径作为输入，并通过综合实验数据集（>；1700个样本）对不同土壤和岩石进行了验证，取得了良好的预测精度。总的来说，这项工作为地下工程、环境保护和资源管理应用提供了一种物理接地但实际上简单的渗透率估算器。

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引用次数: 0