Advances in Water Resources最新文献_第2页

Modeling poroelastic response of an unsaturated, multi-layer soil with gravity effect to time-invariant stress loading

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104918

WeiCheng Lo , Nan-Chieh Chao , Jhe-Wei Lee

In contrast to homogeneous soil deposits, stratified layering introduces vertical heterogeneity, resulting in not only greater spatial variability but also more complex structural responses. This complexity is further exacerbated by gravitational compaction, which gives rise to distinct fluid flow and solid deformation mechanics within each variably saturated layer and at the interfaces between layers—markedly differing from those observed in homogeneous, single-layer soils.

The current study systematically addresses these key issues by developing a comprehensive flow-deformation formulation of poroelasticity that rigorously captures the conservation of mass and momentum within and between phases in a system of unsaturated, multi-layer unconsolidated sediments under time-invariant loading. A key innovation of this formulation is its robust incorporation of gravitational body forces, enabling the establishment of a physically-consistent boundary-value problem that ensures continuity-preserving conditions at layer interfaces. Furthermore, we derive two novel closed-form analytical expressions that, for the first time, quantify the final total stress and total settlement in such a soil system under the influence of gravitational body forces. To characterize the extent of this impact, we introduce a dimensionless parameter that provides a quantitative measure of gravitational effects.

To further enhance our understanding of the theory, we conduct a series of numerical simulations on a dual-layer soil system comprising sand overlying clay, with varying levels of water saturation. Our results demonstrate that, irrespective of the saturation levels examined, gravitational body forces exert a significantly greater influence on the lower clay layer than on the upper sand layer, particularly at lower water saturations. Neglecting gravitational body forces in a layered soil model leads to an underestimation of both the dissipation rate of excess pore water pressure and the total settlement. Notably, the discrepancy in final total settlement between models that include and exclude gravitational forces exhibits an approximately linear dependence on soil thickness.

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引用次数: 0

The role of injection method on residual trapping: Insights into bridging scales and heterogeneity

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104913

Catherine Spurin , Sharon Ellman , Tom Bultreys , Takeshi Kurotori , Sally Benson , Hamdi A. Tchelepi

CO

_{2}

injection into subsurface reservoirs provides a long-term solution to anthropogenic emissions. A variable injection rate (such as ramping the flow rate up or down) provides flexibility to injection sites, and could influence the amount of residual trapping. Observations made in cm-scale samples showed that starting at a low flow rate established a flow pathway across the core at a low capillary pressure, leading to a long-term reduction in pore space utilization, as increases in flux were accommodated with little change in saturation. In this work, the scalability of these observations is evaluated by performing experiments with variable injection rates in larger samples: 5 cm diameter and 12 cm length, compared to 2.5 cm diameter and 4.5 cm length in previous work (Spurin et al., 2024). We observed that starting at a low flow rate did not lead to a long-term reduction in pore space utilization. Instead, saturation increased significantly with increased flux, leading to a higher pore space utilization than experiments where injection started with the higher flow rate. The difference in observations depending on sample size and the role of heterogeneity highlights potential uncertainties in upscaling experimental observations to field-scale applications.

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引用次数: 0

Two-dimensional capillarity-driven seepage from a lined buried ditch: The Kornev subsurface irrigation “Absorptional” method revisited

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104917

Anvar Kacimov , Yurii Obnosov , Tatyana Nikonenkova , Andrey Smagin

Kornev's (1935, see e.g. p.74, Fig. 34 - right panel) “open system” of capillarity-driven wetting of a fine-textured soil from a buried ditch filled by a coarse porous material is modeled analytically, using the methods of hodograph, and numerically, with the help of HYDRUS2D. Gravity, Darcian resistance of the soil at full saturation but negative pressure, and capillarity are three physical competing factors involved through the Vedernikov-Bouwer analytical model, which assumes 2-D, tension-saturated flow in a homogeneous soil sandwiched between the free surfaces (capillary fringe boundaries) and Kornev's impermeable liner of the ditch. Water seeps up from a line source, viz. a zero-pressure segment such that everywhere in the flow domain pressure remains negative. Lining minimizes deep percolation and facilitates upward and lateral spread of pore water by soil's capillarity. The free surfaces are streamlines, along which the pressure head is a negative constant (the air entrance pressure head, soil's property). For a small-depth ditch the hodograph domain is either a circular trigone, tetragon or sextagon, that determines three different flow topologies (with J.R.Philip's “dry shadow”, “dry bulb” and no dry zone at all on the leeward side of the liner and “wet lobes” hanging on the edge of the liner). The flow domain makes a capillary “fountain”. The complex potential domain is a half-strip such that the inversion method and conformal mappings are used. Transient, 2-D seepage in subsurface irrigation of a soil composite (“constructozem”), which consists of an ambient fine-textured soil and a buried Kornev's ditch (backfilled by a sand or peat), is numerically modeled by HYDRUS2D. Evapotranspiration is the fourth moisture-driving factor, which uplifts vadose zone moisture, combatting Pluto's gravity. The seepage flow rates, isobars, isohumes, isotachs, flow nets, vector-fields of Darcian velocity and other kinematic-dynamic seepage descriptors are found for various combinations of the physical properties of two contrasting porous materials and geometrical sizes (the width and depth of Kornev's ditch, depth of its burial, distance between neighbouring emitting ditches in a periodic irrigation system).

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引用次数: 0

Solving the discretised shallow water equations using neural networks

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104903

Boyang Chen , Amin Nadimy , Claire E. Heaney , Mohammad Kazem Sharifian , Lluis Via Estrem , Ludovico Nicotina , Arno Hilberts , Christopher C. Pain

We present a new approach to the discretisation and solution of the Shallow Water Equations (SWE) based on the finite element (FE) method. The discretisation is expressed as the convolutional layer of a neural network whose weights are determined by integrals of the FE basis functions. The resulting system can be solved with explicit or implicit methods. Expressing and solving discretised systems with neural networks has several benefits, including platform-agnostic code that can run on CPUs, GPUs as well as the latest processors optimised for AI workloads; the model is fully differentiable and suitable for performing optimisation tasks such as data assimilation; easy integration with trained neural networks that could represent sub-grid-scale models, surrogate models or physics-informed approaches; and speeding up the development of models due to the available functionality in machine-learning libraries. In this paper, we investigate explicit and semi-implicit methods, and FE discretisations of up to quartic-order elements. A variety of examples is used to demonstrate the neural-network–based SWE solver, ranging from idealised problems with analytical solutions to laboratory experiments, and we finish with a real-world test case based on the 2005 Carlisle flood.

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引用次数: 0

Analytical study of nonlinear consolidation effect on contaminant transport in an aquitard coupling diffusion and adsorption

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104912

Zhaofeng Li , Xi Zou , Wen Zhang , Xiaoli Wu , Yue Hu , Genxu Wang , Walter A. Illman

Aquitards, which widely occur throughout sedimentary basins or alluvial plains, play important roles in groundwater storage and contaminant transport. In this study, a mathematical model for one-dimensional contaminant transport which considered the combined effects of diffusion, adsorption and nonlinear consolidation deformation processes in an aquitard (NCD model) was formulated. An analytical solution was then derived using the separation variable method and the generalized integral transformation technique approach, and the accuracy of the above analytical solution was verified by a numerical model. During the nonlinear consolidation process of the aquitard, the drawdown, Darcy velocity and void ratio remained unstable until the end of consolidation, and contaminants entry into the aquitard exhibited hysteresis influenced by aquitard consolidation. Increasing drawdown of the adjacent confined aquifer, compression index, initial hydraulic conductivity, initial effective stress of the aquitard as well as decreasing values of aquitard thickness, initial void ratio and partitioning coefficient were all found to reduce the breakthrough time of contaminant transport in an aquitard undergoing nonlinear consolidation. Compared with contaminant transport in non-deforming porous medium, where transport parameters identical to those of the aquitard before consolidation (ND model) and after finishing consolidation (ND_f model), the breakthrough time of contaminant transport for the NCD model (133.3 years) was significantly greater than that of the ND model (68.9 years), and it was slightly less than that of the ND_f model (140.6 years). The difference in breakthrough times, at which the contaminants reach 0.01 times the initial concentration, between the NCD and ND_f models had an obvious linear positive correlation with the consolidation factor and the cumulative water release from the aquitard.

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引用次数: 0

Effect of an interface undulation on convective dissolution of CO2

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104904

R.M. Lucena , J. Pontes , F. Brau , A. De Wit , N. Mangiavacchi

When a partially miscible fluid dissolves into a host phase below it, buoyancy-driven fingering develops when the diffusive boundary solution created is denser than the underlying solvent. In many situations, the interface between the two fluids may present level variations introduced by geometrical irregularities. We study here numerically the influence of this interface undulation on the properties of the convective dissolution and on the resulting transfer flux. Two-dimensional time dependent numerical simulations are performed, assuming that the flow is governed by Darcy’s law, along with the Boussinesq approximation, to account for buoyancy effects introduced by a concentration dependent density. The velocity field is modeled by a vorticity–stream function formulation. The resulting equations are solved through the Taylor–Galerkin Finite Element Method, using a Crank–Nicolson time discretization. It is observed that the onset of the fingering instability is delayed in the inclined regions between the peaks and valleys of the undulation and that the fingers develop mainly in the horizontal regions. Additionally, at the valleys, there is an accumulation of the solute and a thickening of the boundary layer caused by the recirculation which induces the nucleation and by the anchoring of the fingering process at that location. This anchoring is maintained up to the later shutdown stages for cases with large interface undulations. While the flux is larger during the diffusive and initial fingering stages, the asymptotic flux is not strongly influenced by the undulation.

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引用次数: 0

A training trajectory random walk model for upscaling colloid transport under favorable and unfavorable conditions 有利条件和不利条件下胶体迁移的训练轨迹随机游走模型

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104878

Bashar M. Al-Zghoul , William P. Johnson , Diogo Bolster

In this study, we present a general random walk model for upscaling colloid transport and retention in two-dimensional porous media. The model is based on direct sampling from spatial and temporal jump distributions of single-interceptors, colloids that first enter the near-surface zone within 200 nm of a collector surface, derived from mechanistic pore-assembly trajectory simulations. This framework facilitates the connection and transition between the interception space and physical space, thereby enabling the upscaling of spatial and temporal distributions of single interceptors to full retention profiles and total residence time distributions. Additionally, the proposed random walk model has been tested across a range of advection and diffusion scenarios, demonstrating both accuracy and efficiency in predicting retention profiles and total residence time distributions. Overall, with the appropriate inputs, this model provides a reliable and efficient framework for predicting colloid transport and retention in porous media without the need for extensive computational sources.

在这项研究中，我们提出了二维多孔介质中胶体迁移和保留的一般随机游走模型。该模型基于单拦截剂的空间和时间跳跃分布的直接采样，胶体首先进入收集器表面200 nm内的近表面区域，从机械孔装配轨迹模拟中得出。该框架促进了拦截空间与物理空间之间的连接和转换，从而使单个拦截器的时空分布升级为完整的保留剖面和总停留时间分布。此外，所提出的随机游走模型已经在一系列平流和扩散场景中进行了测试，证明了预测滞留剖面和总停留时间分布的准确性和效率。总的来说，通过适当的输入，该模型为预测多孔介质中的胶体运输和保留提供了一个可靠而有效的框架，而不需要大量的计算源。

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引用次数: 0

Incorporating geological structure into sensitivity analysis of subsurface contaminant transport 将地质构造纳入地下污染物运移敏感性分析

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104885

Lisa Bigler, Tara LaForce, Laura Swiler

Simulating subsurface contaminant transport at the kilometer-scale often entails modeling reactive flow and transport within and through complex geologic structures. These structures are typically meshed by hand and as a result geologic structure is usually represented by one or a few deterministically generated geological models for uncertainty studies of flow and transport in the subsurface. Uncertainty in geologic structure can have a significant impact on contaminant transport. In this study, the impact of geologic structure on contaminant tracer transport in a shale formation is investigated for a simplified generic deep geologic repository for permanent disposal of spent nuclear fuel. An open-source modeling framework is used to perform a sensitivity analysis study on transport of two tracers from a generic spent nuclear fuel repository with uncertain location of the interfaces between the stratum of the geologic structure. The automated workflow uses sampled realizations of the geological structural model in addition to uncertain flow parameters in a nested sensitivity analysis. Concentration of the tracers at observation points within, in line with, and downstream of the repository are used as the quantities of interest for determining model sensitivity to input parameters and geological realization. The results of the study indicate that the location of strata interfaces in the geological structure has a first-order impact on tracer transport in the example shale formation, and that this impact may be greater than that of the uncertain flow parameters.

在千米尺度上模拟地下污染物的运移通常需要模拟复杂地质构造内部的反应流动和运移。这些构造通常是手工网格化的，因此地质构造通常由一个或几个确定性生成的地质模型来表示，用于地下流动和输送的不确定性研究。地质结构的不确定性会对污染物的运移产生重大影响。在这项研究中，地质结构对页岩地层中污染物示踪剂运输的影响进行了研究，以建立一个用于永久处置乏核燃料的简化通用深层地质储存库。采用开源建模框架，对地质构造层间界面位置不确定的通用乏燃料库中两种示踪剂的输运进行敏感性分析研究。自动化工作流程使用地质构造模型的采样实现以及嵌套灵敏度分析中的不确定流量参数。在储存库内、储存库下游的观测点上的示踪剂浓度被用作确定模型对输入参数和地质实现的敏感性的兴趣量。研究结果表明，地层界面在地质构造中的位置对示踪剂输运具有一级影响，并且这种影响可能大于不确定流动参数的影响。

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引用次数: 0

On the permeability-surface area-porosity relationship for dissolving porous media

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104900

Kai Li , Ran Hu , Ya-Nan Zhang , Zhibing Yang , Yi-Feng Chen

Dissolution in porous media is widespread in natural and engineered systems, accompanied by the evolution of geometric structure, permeability and surface area of the porous matrix. Although extensive research has examined dissolution dynamics in porous media, there is a lack of quantitative characterization of the relationships among permeability, surface area and porosity, which depend on dissolution patterns. Here, we combine dissolution experiments and pore-scale simulations of millimeter-scale porous media to delve into the transitions of dissolution patterns, permeability-porosity relation and surface area-porosity relation. The pore-scale model incorporates the improved volume-of-solid formulation and is subsequently validated by experimental results. Based on a large number of 2D porous media dissolution simulations with different flow rates, reaction rates, and spatial heterogeneity of the pore space, we identify three distinct dissolution patterns and propose a theoretical equation to describe the transitions between these patterns. We further correlate dissolution patterns with the evolution of permeability and surface area as functions of porosity, and quantitatively characterize permeability-porosity and surface area-porosity relationships for different patterns. Finally, we develop a predictive model for the correction factor of surface area, thereby completing the system for modeling the flow-dissolution processes at the Darcy scale. This work is pivotal for upscaling the flow properties and dissolution properties for the Darcy scale and advances field-scale modeling techniques. It also deepens our understanding of dissolution dynamics in porous media and is instructive for underground engineering.

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引用次数: 0

Three-dimensional saturated-unsaturated flow to a well in an alluvial fan wedge-shaped aquifer

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Advances in Water Resources

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104901

Mohammad M. Sedghi , Hongbin Zhan

Alluvial fan aquifers are among the most productive aquifers around the world. At present, in mathematical models of these types of aquifers, the unsaturated flow is usually neglected, and the instantaneous or delayed drainage boundary conditions are considered at the water table. The goal of this work is to present an analytical model of the drawdown due to a partially penetrating well in an unconfined alluvial fan aquifer by considering the unsaturated flow. The linearized version of Richards equation is solved to simulate the unsaturated flow. The solution is obtained via Laplace and Fourier transformations and the principle of superposition. The anisotropy of both saturated and unsaturated zones of the aquifer, the pore size distribution of the unsaturated zone and the compressible storage of the saturated zone are considered. The effect of geometrical parameters of the alluvial fan aquifer and hydraulic parameters of the unsaturated zone on the deviation of the proposed saturated-unsaturated flow solution from its saturated flow counterpart are investigated. The presented model shows that the unsaturated flow should not be neglected, especially in low-angle wedge alluvial fan aquifers and near the alluvial fan apex. The presented solution can be utilized to predict the drawdown due to pumping in alluvial fan aquifers, to determine the hydrogeological conditions under which the unsaturated flow may be neglected; to evaluate the sensitivity of the dimensionless drawdown to hydraulic and geometric parameters of the unsaturated zone; to improve the estimated aquifer parameters by coupling the proposed model to a parameter estimation code.

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引用次数: 0