Patologia polska最新文献

Microwave-ovens shorten the time and eliminate or reduce the formaldehyde concentration in the process of tissue-fixation for light- and electron microscopy. These devices can be also applied in dehydration, and in impregnation of tissues with paraffin as well as in staining of paraffin or cryostat cut-slices. The use of microwaves improves results of immunohistochemical and ultracytochemical stainings. The best results are given by precise laboratory microwave-devices, but domestic microwave-ovens can be also used in this procedure.

We report here PrP-immunohistochemistry performed on brains from CJD cases from Poland. Only one out of five definitive CJD cases exhibited typical PrP-immunoreactive kuru-like plaques and this was case of a short duration. Thus, we confirmed the low percentage of PrP plaques in CJD of Eastern and Central European origin.

A case of vascular lesion of angiodysplastic type in the pyloric part of the stomach has been reported in a patient with chronic viral hepatitis. The diagnosis was made from clinical symptoms, endoscopic and histopathologic findings in the specimens obtained during gastroscopy. Many authors emphasize a correlation between the incidence of "gastric antral vascular ectasia" and liver diseases, especially cirrhosis with portal hypertension. A review of bibliography with particular consideration of its etiology has been presented.

Based on 5 cases of juvenile astrocytomas the unusual behaviour of this type of tumor is described. It is expressed by local and/or diffuse spread of the neoplasms in the subarachnoid space of the brain hemispheres, cerebellum and spinal cord. The light and electron microscopic examinations have revealed the morphological features of well differentiated tumors of astrocytic origin and of fibrillary type which in a great number of cases have a favourable prognosis. The cause of break through into the subarachnoid space, despite its morphology which indicates on a high degree of differentiation of the tumors, is not known. The relation of primary to secondary infiltration of the subarachnoid space or of the leptomeninges is discussed.

Eight cases of alveolar soft part carcinoma (ASPS) are presented. The average age of the patients was 28 years. There were 6 women and 2 men. The left sided and right sided tumours were equal in number. Local recurrence was not observed in any of the patient treated, but lung metastases occurred in 6 of them. Three patients died with disease the average 35 months after treatment. Histologically in one case the uniform sheets of cells were observed without alveolar arrangement. The presence of beta glucuronidase (BG), acid phosphatase (AP) and non specific esterase (NE) in tumor cells was seen in one case studied. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examination confirm the thesis, that ASPS consist a distinct clinico-morphologic entity, the histogenesis of which remains uncertain.

The term "myocarditis" refers to a process in which leukocytic infiltration is accompanied by cardiac myocyte necrosis or degeneration. It has been recognized largely by using endomyocardial biopsy whose usefulness in the diagnosis of myocarditis is still being verified. Samples of the septal part of the right ventricular wall obtained by venous approach are examined mainly in light microscopy. Despite certain possibilities of using special staining and immunohistochemical methods, hematoxylin and eosin remain basic stains. For the diagnosis of myocarditis it is important to find the signs of the myocyte injury (myocytolysis, vacuolization, disruption) in the contact with inflammatory infiltrates. This has been included in the diagnostic criteria established in Dallas. However both, these criteria and other elements of cardiac biopsy procedure are a subject of increasing doubts and controversies, especially because of incomplete problem's solution of material eligibility and not best clinical--morphological correlation. On the other hand the studies of myocarditis indicate lack of comprehensive approach to its biology. Potential progress depends on the improvement of methods that visualize cardiac myocyte injuries, on the identification of peptides that are markers of genome dysfunctions and on more profound investigation the role of immune cells in the process of myocardial injury and repair.

Immunocytochemistry with the use of monoclonal antibodies to vimentin, keratin, desmin, neurofilaments and leukocyte common antigen (LCA) was applied to 53 fine needle aspirates of small cell-, round-, blue-cell malignant tumors of childhood (neuroblastomas, nephroblastomas, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, Ewing's sarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas). The results revealed the following immunophenotypes: neuroblastomas were positive for neurofilaments. Nephroblastomas contained vimentin (in blastema cells), keratin (in epithelial and blastema cells) Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were vimentin and LCA positive, keratin negative. Ewing's sarcomas displayed multidirectional differentiation. Rhabdomyosarcomas were desmin and vimentin positive. It is concluded that immunocytochemistry in fine needle aspirates should be used as an objective evidence to support morphologic differential diagnosis of small cell-, round-, blue cell malignant tumors of childhood.