American journal of public health最新文献

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Addressing Data Deficiencies to Prevent Pediatric Firearm Injuries: Insights From the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Firearm Study. 解决数据缺陷，预防儿童枪支伤害：美国外科学院（ACS）枪支研究的启示。

IF 9.6 1区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of public health

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307836

Daniel C Semenza

引用次数: 0

Association of Local Cannabis Policy and Retail Availability With Cannabis Use and Problematic Cannabis Use Among Adolescents in Northern California. 北加州青少年使用大麻和有问题使用大麻与当地大麻政策和零售量的关系。

IF 12.7 1区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of public health

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2024.307787

Kelly C Young-Wolff,Alex Asera,Alisa A Padon,Natalie E Slama,Stacey E Alexeeff,Rosalie L Pacula,Cynthia I Campbell,Stacy A Sterling,Derek D Satre,Yun Lu,Wendy T Dyer,Monique B Does,Lynn D Silver

Objectives. To examine whether local cannabis policies and retail availability are associated with cannabis use and problematic cannabis use (PCU) among adolescents in Northern California. Methods. The sample comprised adolescents aged 13 to 17 years screened for past-year cannabis use during well-child visits in 2021. Exposures included local bans on cannabis storefront retailers, policy protectiveness, and retail proximity and density. Outcomes included self-reported past-year cannabis use and PCU diagnoses. Modified Poisson regression models adjusted for sociodemographics. Results. The sample (n = 103 134) was 51.1% male with a median age of 15 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 14-16 years); 5.5% self-reported cannabis use, and 0.3% had diagnosed PCU. Adolescents had a lower prevalence of cannabis use in jurisdictions that banned storefront retailers (adjusted prevalence rate [APR] = 0.857; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.814, 0.903 vs allowed), banned delivery (APR = 0.751; 95% CI = 0.710, 0.795 vs allowed), or had more policy protections (APR range = 0.705-0.800). Lower PCU prevalence was also found among those in jurisdictions that banned (vs allowed) storefront retailers (APR = 0.786; 95% CI = 0.629, 0.983) or delivery (APR = 0.783; 95% CI = 0.616, 0.996). Longer drive time and lower density of storefront retailers were associated with a lower cannabis use prevalence. Conclusions. More protective cannabis policies and less retail availability were associated with a lower prevalence of adolescent cannabis use and PCU. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S8):S654-S663. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307787).

目的。研究北加州青少年中当地大麻政策和零售量是否与大麻使用和问题大麻使用 (PCU) 相关。方法。样本包括在 2021 年儿童健康检查中筛查出过去一年使用大麻情况的 13 至 17 岁青少年。暴露因素包括当地对大麻店面零售商的禁令、政策保护力度以及零售店的距离和密度。结果包括自我报告的上一年大麻使用情况和 PCU 诊断。修正的泊松回归模型对社会人口统计学进行了调整。结果。样本（n = 103 134）中 51.1%为男性，中位年龄为 15 岁（四分位距 [IQR] = 14-16 岁）；5.5% 自我报告吸食大麻，0.3% 已确诊 PCU。在禁止店面零售商（调整流行率 [APR] = 0.857; 95% 置信区间 [CI] = 0.814, 0.903 vs 允许）、禁止递送（调整流行率 [APR] = 0.751; 95% 置信区间 [CI] = 0.710, 0.795 vs 允许）或有更多政策保护（调整流行率 [APR] 范围 = 0.705-0.800）的辖区，青少年使用大麻的流行率较低。在禁止（与允许）店面零售商（APR = 0.786; 95% CI = 0.629, 0.983）或送货（APR = 0.783; 95% CI = 0.616, 0.996）的辖区，PCU 流行率也较低。较长的驾车时间和较低的店面零售商密度与较低的大麻使用流行率有关。结论。保护性更强的大麻政策和较少的零售供应与青少年使用大麻和 PCU 的流行率较低有关。(Am J Public Health.2024;114(S8):S654-S663. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307787).

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引用次数: 0

Data Quality in State Registry Reports of Medical Cannabis Patients in the United States. 美国各州医用大麻患者登记报告的数据质量。

IF 12.7 1区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of public health

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2024.307728

Kevin F Boehnke,Rachel Sinclair,Felicia Gordon,Douglas R Roehler,Tristin Smith,Brooke Hoots

Objectives. To investigate characteristics of data reported in US medical cannabis registries across states. Methods. Data included 2021 medical cannabis registry reports from 34 states, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia (hereafter, states) with active medical cannabis programs. The data from the reports were manually coded into domains and subcategories, including information related to patients (e.g., number, demographics), authorizing clinicians, sales (e.g., content, revenue), license tracking, and health and safety outcomes. Results. Among 36 states, 97% reported total patient number and 75% reported number of authorizing clinicians. Least reported subcategories included patient race/ethnicity (8%), adverse events (11%), therapeutic benefits (6%), and product recalls (6%). States that recently legalized medical cannabis (2013-2018) reported a higher number of subcategories overall, with a median of 11 versus 8 for early adopting states (1996-2012). More medical-use states reported data on authorizing clinicians compared with nonmedical adult-use states but were otherwise similar. Conclusions. Medical cannabis state registries generally reported data on consumers, clinicians, and sales rather than health and safety outcomes. More comprehensive and uniform medical cannabis public health surveillance is needed. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S8):S685-S693. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307728).

目的。调查美国各州医用大麻登记处报告数据的特征。方法。数据包括来自 34 个州、波多黎各和哥伦比亚特区（以下简称 "各州"）的 2021 份医用大麻登记报告，这些州都有活跃的医用大麻计划。报告中的数据经人工编码后分为领域和子类，包括与患者（如人数、人口统计学特征）、授权临床医生、销售（如内容、收入）、许可证跟踪以及健康和安全结果相关的信息。结果。在 36 个州中，97% 的州报告了患者总人数，75% 的州报告了授权临床医生人数。报告最少的子类别包括患者种族/族裔（8%）、不良事件（11%）、治疗效果（6%）和产品召回（6%）。最近（2013-2018 年）实现医用大麻合法化的州报告的子类别数量总体较多，中位数为 11 个，而早期采用医用大麻的州（1996-2012 年）报告的子类别数量为 8 个。与非医用大麻州相比，医用大麻州报告的授权临床医生数据更多，但其他方面类似。结论。医用大麻州登记处一般报告的是消费者、临床医生和销售数据，而不是健康和安全结果。需要对医用大麻进行更全面、更统一的公共卫生监测。(Am J Public Health.2024;114(S8):S685-S693. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307728).

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引用次数: 0

Reach and Engagement With Population Health Management Interventions to Address COVID-19 Among Safety-Net Health Care Systems. 人口健康管理干预措施在安全网医疗保健系统中的覆盖面和参与度，以应对 COVID-19。

IF 9.6 1区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of public health

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307770

Chelsey R Schlechter, Tatyana V Kuzmenko, Brian Orleans, Jennifer Wirth, Kimberly A Kaphingst, Bryan Gibson, Kensaku Kawamoto, Tracey Siaperas, Alan Pruhs, Courtney Pariera Dinkins, Tom Greene, Yue Zhang, Jonathan J Chipman, Michael Friedrichs, Cho Y Lam, Joni H Pierce, Emerson P Borsato, Ryan C Cornia, Leticia Stevens, Anna Martinez, Richard L Bradshaw, Rachel Hess, Guilherme Del Fiol, David W Wetter

Interventions designed to address COVID-19 needed to be rapidly scaled up to the population level, and to address health equity by reaching historically marginalized populations most affected by the pandemic (e.g., racial/ethnic minorities and rural and low socioeconomic status populations). From February 2021 to June 2022, SCALE-UP Utah used text messaging interventions to reach 107 846 patients from 28 clinics within seven safety-net health care systems. Interventions provided informational and motivational messaging regarding COVID-19 testing and vaccination, and were developed using extensive community partner input. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(11):1207-1211. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307770).

为应对 COVID-19 而设计的干预措施需要迅速扩大到人口层面，并通过覆盖受大流行病影响最严重的历史边缘人群（如种族/少数民族、农村人口和社会经济地位低下的人口）来实现健康公平。从 2021 年 2 月到 2022 年 6 月，犹他州 SCALE-UP 使用短信干预措施，覆盖了 7 个安全网医疗保健系统内 28 个诊所的 107 846 名患者。干预措施提供了有关 COVID-19 检测和疫苗接种的信息和激励信息，并在社区合作伙伴的广泛参与下制定。(Am J Public Health.2024;114(11):1207-1211. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307770).

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引用次数: 0

HIV Prevention in Foster Care Youths: Time for a Refocus. 寄养青少年的艾滋病毒预防：是重新聚焦的时候了。

IF 9.6 1区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of public health

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307793

Casey W Adrian, Stacey L Shipe, Kate Guastaferro

引用次数: 0

Current Cannabis Use in the United States: Implications for Public Health Research. 美国当前的大麻使用情况：对公共卫生研究的影响》。

IF 12.7 1区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of public health

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2024.307823

Grant T Baldwin,Alana Vivolo-Kantor,Brooke Hoots,Douglas R Roehler,Jean Y Ko

引用次数: 0

Improving Cannabis Policy Research at a Pivotal Time for Policy Development. 在政策制定的关键时刻改进大麻政策研究。

IF 12.7 1区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of public health

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2024.307799

Gillian L Schauer

引用次数: 0

Monitoring Cannabis Adverse Events: Lessons From Edible Packaging Policies and Child Poisonings. 监测大麻不良事件：从食用包装政策和儿童中毒事件中汲取教训。

IF 12.7 1区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of public health

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2024.307789

Julia A Dilley,Robert G Hendrickson,Erik M Everson,Thomas L Jeanne

引用次数: 0

Trends in Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol and Cannabis Among Young Adults in Washington State From Before to During the COVID-19 Pandemic. COVID-19 大流行之前至期间华盛顿州年轻人在酒精和大麻影响下驾车的趋势。

IF 12.7 1区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of public health

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2024.307767

Brittney A Hultgren,Brian H Calhoun,Charles B Fleming,Isaac C Rhew,Mary E Larimer,Jason R Kilmer,Katarina Guttmannova

Objectives. To examine trends in young adult self-reported driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI-A), cannabis (DUI-C), and simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use (DUI-AC) in a state with legalized nonmedical cannabis use from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. We used logistic regression and annual statewide data from the Washington Young Adult Health Survey to assess DUI behaviors from 2016 to 2021. Results. Both prepandemic yearly changes in prevalence and deviations from those trends during the pandemic years were small and not statistically significant. However, prevalence estimates were alarming: 12.0% of participants reported DUI-A, 12.5% reported DUI-C, and 2.7% reported DUI-AC. Exploratory moderation analyses indicated a relative increase in DUI-A during 2020 among 4-year college students relative to young adults not attending 4-year colleges. Conclusions. Young adults in Washington State continued to engage in risky DUI behaviors during the pandemic. College students may have increased their likelihood of DUI-A during COVID-19. Public Health Implications. Young adults, for whom vehicle crashes remain a leading cause of death, showed little change in DUI behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is continued need for young adult DUI prevention efforts. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S8):S698-S701. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307767).

目标。在 COVID-19 大流行之前至期间，在一个非医疗使用大麻合法化的州，研究年轻人自我报告的在酒精（DUI-A）、大麻（DUI-C）以及同时使用酒精和大麻（DUI-AC）影响下驾驶的趋势。方法。我们使用逻辑回归和华盛顿州青年健康调查的年度全州数据来评估 2016 年至 2021 年期间的酒驾行为。结果大流行前的流行率年度变化和大流行期间的趋势偏差都很小，没有统计学意义。然而，流行率估计值令人震惊：12.0% 的参与者报告了 DUI-A，12.5% 报告了 DUI-C，2.7% 报告了 DUI-AC。探索性调节分析表明，2020 年期间，相对于未就读四年制大学的年轻人，四年制大学生的酒驾-A 比率相对增加。结论。在大流行病期间，华盛顿州的年轻人继续从事危险的酒驾行为。在 COVID-19 期间，大学生可能会增加酒后驾车的可能性。对公共卫生的影响。车祸仍然是导致年轻人死亡的主要原因，在 COVID-19 大流行期间，年轻人的酒驾行为几乎没有变化。仍有必要继续开展预防青壮年酒驾的工作。(Am J Public Health.2024;114(S8):S698-S701. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307767).

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引用次数: 0

Health Care Delivery Site- and Patient-Level Factors Associated With COVID-19 Primary Vaccine Series Completion in a National Network of Community Health Centers. 全国社区卫生中心网络中与完成 COVID-19 初次接种系列疫苗相关的医疗保健提供场所和患者层面因素。

IF 9.6 1区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of public health

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307773

Rachel Gold, Anna Steeves-Reece, Aileen Ochoa, Jee Oakley, Rose Gunn, Shuling Liu, Brigit A Hatch, Sean T O'Leary, Christine I Spina, Treasure Allen, Erika K Cottrell

Objectives. To assess multilevel factors associated with variation in COVID-19 vaccination rates in a US network of community health centers. Methods. Using multilevel logistic regression with electronic health record data from ADVANCE (Accelerating Data Value Across a National Community Health Center Network; January 1, 2022-December 31, 2022), we assessed associations between health care delivery site-level (n = 1219) and patient-level (n = 1 864 007) characteristics and COVID-19 primary vaccine series uptake. Results. A total of 1 337 440 patients completed the COVID-19 primary vaccine series. Health care delivery site characteristics were significantly associated with lower series completion rates, including being located in non-Medicaid expansion states and isolated or rural communities and serving fewer patients. Patient characteristics associated with significantly lower likelihood of completing the vaccine series included being Black/African American or American Indian/Alaska Native (vs White), younger age, lower income, being uninsured or publicly insured (vs using private insurance), and having fewer visits. Conclusions. Both health care delivery site- and patient-level factors were significantly associated with lower COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Community health centers have been a critical resource for vaccination during the pandemic. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(11):1242-1251. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307773).

目的评估与美国社区卫生中心网络中 COVID-19 疫苗接种率变化相关的多层次因素。方法。利用 ADVANCE（Accelerating Data Value Across a National Community Health Center Network，2022 年 1 月 1 日至 2022 年 12 月 31 日）的电子健康记录数据进行多层次逻辑回归，我们评估了医疗保健服务机构（n = 1219）和患者（n = 1 864 007）的特征与 COVID-19 疫苗接种率之间的关系。结果共有 1 337 440 名患者完成了 COVID-19 初次接种。医疗保健服务机构的特征与较低的疫苗接种完成率明显相关，包括位于非医疗补助扩展州、偏远或农村社区以及服务的患者较少。与完成系列疫苗接种的可能性明显较低有关的患者特征包括：黑人/非洲裔美国人或美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民（与白人相比）、年龄较小、收入较低、无保险或公共保险（与使用私人保险相比）以及就诊次数较少。结论。医疗机构和患者层面的因素都与 COVID-19 疫苗接种率较低密切相关。社区卫生中心是大流行期间疫苗接种的重要资源。(Am J Public Health.2024;114(11):1242-1251. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307773).

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