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Some Macrophages With High Expression of CHOP Undergo Necroptosis in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. CHOP高表达的巨噬细胞在慢性鼻窦炎中发生坏死性下垂。
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q1 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/19458924231163974
Min Li, Ziming Fu, Chenglin Qi, Qinying Wang, Hui Xie, Huabin Li

Background: Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) is activated in chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and leads to increased expression of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). However, the role of CHOP in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP remains unclear.

Methods: CHOP expression was detected by immunohistochemistry staining in nasal mucosa of control and CRSwNP patients. Co-localization of CHOP and cleaved caspase3, p-MLKL, and CD68 was detected by immunofluorescence staining in CRSwNP patients. TNFα, IFNγ, IL1β, LPS, and tunicamycin were added to primary dispersed nasal polyp cells (DNPCs) to explore their roles in cell death. Western blot, CCK8 assay, and flow cytometry were employed to detect cell death.

Results: CHOP was specifically activated in CRSwNP compared to controls. It was mainly macrophages that highly expressed CHOP, some of which underwent apoptosis and the other underwent necroptosis. IL1β induced increased CHOP and apoptosis, and a slight p-MLKL. In addition, ER stress could also promote p-MLKL expression. Whereas classical TNFα plus IFNγ and LPS did not induce increased necroptosis in DNPCs.

Conclusion: IL1β induced the apoptotic pathway and minor necroptosis. And ER stress also plays a role in the occurrence of necroptosis in CRSwNP.

背景:内质网应激(ER应激)在慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)中被激活,并导致C/EBP同源蛋白(CHOP)的表达增加。然而,CHOP在CRSwNP发病机制中的作用尚不清楚。方法:采用免疫组化染色法检测对照组和CRSwNP患者鼻黏膜CHOP表达。免疫荧光染色检测CRSwNP患者CHOP和cleaved caspase3、p-MLKL和CD68的共定位。将TNFα、IFNγ、il - 1β、LPS和tunicamycin添加到原代分散鼻息肉细胞(DNPCs)中,探讨它们在细胞死亡中的作用。Western blot、CCK8、流式细胞术检测细胞死亡情况。结果:与对照组相比,CHOP在CRSwNP中被特异性激活。高表达CHOP的主要是巨噬细胞,部分细胞发生凋亡,部分细胞发生坏死。il - 1β诱导CHOP和凋亡增加,p-MLKL轻微升高。此外,内质网应激也能促进p-MLKL的表达。而经典的TNFα + IFNγ和LPS不诱导DNPCs的坏死下垂增加。结论:il - 1β可诱导细胞凋亡途径及轻微坏死下垂。内质网应激在CRSwNP坏死性坏死的发生中也起作用。
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引用次数: 1
The Nasal Innate Immune Proteome After Saline Irrigation: A Pilot Study in Healthy Individuals. 生理盐水冲洗后鼻腔先天免疫蛋白质组:健康个体的初步研究
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q1 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/19458924231159176
Emily A Harcourt-Smith, Emerson T Krstic, Belinda J Soekov-Pearce, Alex D Colella, Nusha Chegeni, Timothy K Chataway, Charmaine M Woods, Kamelya Aliakbari, A Simon Carney

Background: Previous research has shown diminished nasal immune function following nasal saline irrigation (NSI), returning to baseline at 6 hours. The aim of this study was to examine the immune nasal proteome before and after 14 days of nasal irrigation.

Methods: Seventeen healthy volunteers received either isotonic (IsoSal) or low salt (LowNa) NSI. Nasal secretions were collected before and 30 min after NSI at baseline and again after 14 days. Specimens were analyzed using mass spectrometry to detect proteins of relevance to nasal immune function.

Results: One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five proteins were identified with significant changes in 71 proteins, of which 23 were identified as part of the innate immune system. Baseline analysis demonstrated an increase of 9 innate proteins after NSI, most after IsoSal. After 14 days, a greater increase in innate peptides was present, with most now in the LowNa group. When NSI solutions were compared, a significant increase in 4 innate proteins, including a 211% in lysozyme, was detected in the LowNa group.

Conclusion: LowNa NSI demonstrates evidence of improving the innate immune secretions, especially lysozyme, in healthy volunteers.

背景:先前的研究表明,鼻盐水冲洗(NSI)后,鼻腔免疫功能下降,在6小时后恢复到基线。本研究的目的是检测鼻腔冲洗前后14天的免疫鼻腔蛋白质组。方法:17名健康志愿者接受等渗(IsoSal)或低盐(LowNa)自伤。在基线NSI前和30分钟收集鼻分泌物,14天后再次收集鼻分泌物。采用质谱法对标本进行分析,检测与鼻腔免疫功能相关的蛋白质。结果:共鉴定出1665个蛋白,其中71个蛋白发生了显著变化,其中23个蛋白被鉴定为先天免疫系统的一部分。基线分析显示,NSI后9种先天蛋白增加,大多数在issal后增加。14天后,先天多肽出现了更大的增加,现在大多数出现在LowNa组。当比较NSI溶液时,在LowNa组检测到4种天然蛋白显著增加,其中溶菌酶增加了211%。结论:LowNa NSI可改善健康志愿者的先天免疫分泌,尤其是溶菌酶。
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引用次数: 1
Efficacy of Cryoablation on Chronic Rhinitis Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 冷冻消融治疗慢性鼻炎的疗效:系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q1 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/19458924231152331
Kurtis Young, Hannah Bulosan, Sameer Kejriwal, Jonathan Liang, Arthur W Wu, Dennis M Tang, Andrew C Birkeland, Toby O Steele

Background: ClariFix for posterior nasal nerve ablation has been approved for use since 2017, and this is the first study attempting to synthesize and assess the efficacy of this new device on the management of chronic rhinitis.

Objective: The primary objective of this meta-analysis is to assess the efficacy of ClariFix in the symptomatic management of patients with chronic rhinitis. The main outcome measure is the mean difference in the reflective total nasal symptom score (rTNSS).

Methods: A systematic search of Pubmed/Medline, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost was conducted from inception to May 2022. Peer-reviewed clinical trials reporting postcryotherapy rTNSS at both 1- and 3-month intervals for patients with chronic rhinitis were included. A random-effects model was utilized for meta-analysis. Study heterogeneity, bias, and overall quality were all assessed. The authors followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. The primary outcome measures included mean differences in rTNSS from baseline to both 1- and 3-month postoperative time points. Secondary measures included other questionnaires including the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ).

Results: There were 5 studies that met the criteria (247 individuals). The pooled rTNSS mean difference from baseline to 1 and 3 months postoperatively was found to be -3.48 points (95% CI: -3.73 to -3.23, I2 = 0.13). and -3.50 (95% CI: -3.71 to -3.29, I2 = 0.00), respectively. The mean difference from baseline to 3 months postoperatively regarding the RQLQ was found to be -1.53 (95% CI: -1.74 to -1.31, I2 = 0.00). The most common adverse effects included facial or surgical site pain (40.4%), followed by headache (18.2%), oral numbness (11.1%), and sinusitis (4.0%).

Conclusions: The findings of this systematic review suggest that cryoablation with Clarifix is an effective treatment modality for chronic rhinitis. However, higher-quality randomized controlled trials will need to be performed to affirm the findings of this study.

背景:clarfix用于鼻后神经消融自2017年以来已获批使用,这是首个试图综合和评估该新装置治疗慢性鼻炎疗效的研究。目的:本荟萃分析的主要目的是评估ClariFix在慢性鼻炎患者症状管理中的疗效。主要观察指标为鼻症状总评分(rTNSS)的平均差异。方法:系统检索Pubmed/Medline、Web of Science和EBSCOhost数据库,检索时间为建站至2022年5月。同行评审的临床试验报告了慢性鼻炎患者冷冻治疗后1个月和3个月的rTNSS。采用随机效应模型进行meta分析。对研究的异质性、偏倚和总体质量进行了评估。作者遵循了系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目(PRISMA)指南。主要结局指标包括rTNSS从基线到术后1个月和3个月时间点的平均差异。次要测量包括其他问卷,包括鼻结膜炎生活质量问卷(RQLQ)。结果:符合标准的研究有5项(247人)。从基线到术后1个月和3个月的合并rTNSS平均差异为-3.48点(95% CI: -3.73至-3.23,I2 = 0.13)。和-3.50 (95% CI: -3.71至-3.29,I2 = 0.00)。RQLQ从基线到术后3个月的平均差异为-1.53 (95% CI: -1.74 ~ -1.31, I2 = 0.00)。最常见的不良反应包括面部或手术部位疼痛(40.4%),其次是头痛(18.2%)、口腔麻木(11.1%)和鼻窦炎(4.0%)。结论:本系统综述的结果提示clarfix联合冷冻消融术是治疗慢性鼻炎的有效方法。然而,需要进行更高质量的随机对照试验来证实本研究的发现。
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引用次数: 3
Clinical and Imaging Evaluation of COVID-19-Related Olfactory Dysfunction. 新冠肺炎相关嗅觉功能障碍的临床与影像学评价
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q1 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/19458924231163969
Eslam Hamed Elsayed Abdou, Hisham Atef Ebada, Mohammed Abdelbadie Salem, Mahitab Mohamed Rashad Ghoneim, Fatma Sherif, Elsharawy Kamal

Background: Olfactory dysfunction has been reported in 47.85% of COVID patients. It can be broadly categorized into conductive or sensorineural olfactory loss. Conductive loss occurs due to impaired nasal air flow, while sensorineural loss implies dysfunction of the olfactory epithelium or central olfactory pathways.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and imaging findings in patients with COVID-related olfactory dysfunction. Additionally, the study aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms of COVID-related olfactory dysfunction.

Methods: The study included 110 patients with post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction, and a control group of 50 COVID-negative subjects with normal olfactory function. Endoscopic nasal examination was performed for all participants with special focus on the olfactory cleft. Smell testing was performed for all participants by using a smell diskettes test. Olfactory pathway magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was done to assess the condition of the olfactory cleft and the dimensions and volume of the olfactory bulb.

Results: Olfactory dysfunction was not associated with nasal symptoms in 51.8% of patients. MRI showed significantly increased olfactory bulb dimensions and volume competed to controls. Additionally, it revealed olfactory cleft edema in 57.3% of patients. On the other hand, radiological evidence of sinusitis was detected in only 15.5% of patients.

Conclusion: The average olfactory bulb volumes were significantly higher in the patients' group compared to the control group, indicating significant edema and swelling in the olfactory bulb in patients with COVID-related olfactory dysfunction. Furthermore, in most patients, no sinonasal symptoms such as nasal congestion or rhinorrhea were reported, and similarly, no radiological evidence of sinusitis was detected. Consequently, the most probable mechanism of COVID-related olfactory dysfunction is sensorineural loss through virus spread and damage to the olfactory epithelium and pathways.

背景:47.85%的COVID患者报告了嗅觉功能障碍。它可大致分为传导性嗅觉丧失和感觉神经性嗅觉丧失。导电性损失是由于鼻腔气流受损造成的,而感音神经损失意味着嗅觉上皮或中枢嗅觉通路的功能障碍。目的:分析新冠肺炎相关嗅觉功能障碍患者的临床和影像学表现。此外,本研究旨在探讨新冠肺炎相关嗅觉功能障碍的可能机制。方法:选取110例新冠肺炎后嗅觉功能障碍患者为研究对象,另设50例嗅觉功能正常的新冠肺炎阴性对照组。对所有参与者进行鼻内窥镜检查,特别关注嗅裂。对所有参与者进行气味测试,使用气味测试盘。采用嗅通道磁共振成像(MRI)评估嗅裂的情况和嗅球的尺寸和体积。结果:51.8%的患者嗅觉功能障碍不伴有鼻症状。MRI显示嗅球尺寸和体积比对照组明显增加。此外,57.3%的患者出现嗅裂水肿。另一方面,鼻窦炎的影像学证据仅在15.5%的患者中被发现。结论:患者组嗅球平均体积明显高于对照组,提示新冠肺炎相关嗅觉功能障碍患者嗅球明显水肿、肿胀。此外,在大多数患者中,没有鼻塞或鼻漏等鼻窦症状的报告,同样,没有检测到鼻窦炎的放射证据。因此,与新冠病毒相关的嗅觉功能障碍最可能的机制是通过病毒传播和嗅觉上皮和通路损伤引起的感觉神经丧失。
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引用次数: 3
Study on the Mechanism of Allergic Rhinitis Based on the Expression of FIB, PCT, hs-CRP, and Th17/Treg-IL10/IL-17 Axis Balance. 基于FIB、PCT、hs-CRP、Th17/Treg-IL10/IL-17轴平衡表达的变应性鼻炎发病机制研究
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q1 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/19458924231162737
Yafang Yu Mm, Jianwen Yan Mm
Background The pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR) is ambiguous, while it is clear that various immune cells and cytokines play crucial roles in its occurrence and development. Aim To investigate the effect of exogenous interleukin-10 (IL-10) on the expression of fibrinogen (FIB), procalcitonin (PCT), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and Th17/Treg-IL10/IL-17 axis balance in the nasal mucosa of rats with AR. Method In this study, 48 female-specific pathogen-free Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: blank control group, AR group, and IL-10 intervention group. The AR model was established in the AR group and IL-10 group. The rats in the control group were treated with normal saline; the rats in the AR group were given 20 μL of saline containing 50 μg of ovalbumin (OVA) every day. The rats in the IL-10 intervention group were intraperitoneally injected with 1 mL of 40 pg/kg IL-10 and provided with OVA. The IL-10 intervention group was composed of mice with AR that received IL-10. The behavior of nasal allergic symptoms (such as nasal itching, sneezing, and runny nose) and the hematoxylin and eosin staining of nasal mucosa were observed. The levels of FIB, PCT, hs-CRP, IgE, and OVA sIgE in serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of Treg and Th17 cells in serum were detected by flow cytometry. The protein levels of TGF-β, IL-10, and IL-17 in nasal mucosa were detected by the Western-blot method. Results The scores of snots, nasal itching, and sneezing in the AR group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the scores of the above symptoms in the IL-10 intervention group were lower than those in the AR group. The levels of FIB, PCT, hs-CRP, IgE, and OVA sIgE in serum and the protein levels of IL-10 and IL-17 in the nasal mucosa in the AR group were higher than those in the blank control group. Meanwhile, the levels of FIB, PCT, hs-CRP, IgE, and OVA sIgE in serum and IL-10 and IL-17 protein in the nasal mucosa in the IL-10 group were lower than those in the AR group. Conclusion IL-10 can relieve the allergy of AR rats by affecting the expression of FIB, PCT, and hs-CRP, as well as the balance of the Th17/Treg-IL10/IL-17 axis in the nasal mucosa of AR rats.
背景:变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis, AR)的发病机制尚不明确,但多种免疫细胞和细胞因子在其发生发展中起着至关重要的作用。目的:探讨外源性白细胞介素-10 (IL-10)对急性鼻炎大鼠鼻黏膜纤维蛋白原(FIB)、降钙素原(PCT)、超敏c反应蛋白(hs-CRP)表达及Th17/Treg-IL10/IL-17轴平衡的影响。方法:将48只雌性无病原体Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为空白对照组、急性鼻炎组和IL-10干预组。在AR组和IL-10组分别建立AR模型。对照组大鼠灌胃生理盐水;AR组大鼠每日给予含卵白蛋白50 μg的生理盐水20 μL。IL-10干预组大鼠腹腔注射40 pg/kg IL-10 1 mL,并给予卵细胞;IL-10干预组由AR小鼠接受IL-10治疗组成。观察鼻腔过敏症状(如鼻痒、打喷嚏、流鼻涕)的行为及鼻黏膜苏木精和伊红染色。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清FIB、PCT、hs-CRP、IgE、OVA sIgE水平。流式细胞术检测血清中Treg和Th17细胞水平。Western-blot法检测大鼠鼻黏膜TGF-β、IL-10、IL-17蛋白水平。结果:AR组患儿流鼻涕、鼻痒、打喷嚏得分均显著高于对照组,而IL-10干预组患儿上述症状得分均低于AR组。AR组患者血清FIB、PCT、hs-CRP、IgE、OVA sIgE水平及鼻黏膜IL-10、IL-17蛋白水平均高于空白对照组。同时,IL-10组患者血清FIB、PCT、hs-CRP、IgE、OVA sIgE水平及鼻黏膜IL-10、IL-17蛋白水平均低于AR组。结论:IL-10可通过影响AR大鼠鼻黏膜中FIB、PCT、hs-CRP的表达及Th17/Treg-IL10/IL-17轴的平衡来缓解AR大鼠的过敏反应。
{"title":"Study on the Mechanism of Allergic Rhinitis Based on the Expression of FIB, PCT, hs-CRP, and Th17/Treg-IL10/IL-17 Axis Balance.","authors":"Yafang Yu Mm,&nbsp;Jianwen Yan Mm","doi":"10.1177/19458924231162737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19458924231162737","url":null,"abstract":"Background The pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR) is ambiguous, while it is clear that various immune cells and cytokines play crucial roles in its occurrence and development. Aim To investigate the effect of exogenous interleukin-10 (IL-10) on the expression of fibrinogen (FIB), procalcitonin (PCT), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and Th17/Treg-IL10/IL-17 axis balance in the nasal mucosa of rats with AR. Method In this study, 48 female-specific pathogen-free Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: blank control group, AR group, and IL-10 intervention group. The AR model was established in the AR group and IL-10 group. The rats in the control group were treated with normal saline; the rats in the AR group were given 20 μL of saline containing 50 μg of ovalbumin (OVA) every day. The rats in the IL-10 intervention group were intraperitoneally injected with 1 mL of 40 pg/kg IL-10 and provided with OVA. The IL-10 intervention group was composed of mice with AR that received IL-10. The behavior of nasal allergic symptoms (such as nasal itching, sneezing, and runny nose) and the hematoxylin and eosin staining of nasal mucosa were observed. The levels of FIB, PCT, hs-CRP, IgE, and OVA sIgE in serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of Treg and Th17 cells in serum were detected by flow cytometry. The protein levels of TGF-β, IL-10, and IL-17 in nasal mucosa were detected by the Western-blot method. Results The scores of snots, nasal itching, and sneezing in the AR group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the scores of the above symptoms in the IL-10 intervention group were lower than those in the AR group. The levels of FIB, PCT, hs-CRP, IgE, and OVA sIgE in serum and the protein levels of IL-10 and IL-17 in the nasal mucosa in the AR group were higher than those in the blank control group. Meanwhile, the levels of FIB, PCT, hs-CRP, IgE, and OVA sIgE in serum and IL-10 and IL-17 protein in the nasal mucosa in the IL-10 group were lower than those in the AR group. Conclusion IL-10 can relieve the allergy of AR rats by affecting the expression of FIB, PCT, and hs-CRP, as well as the balance of the Th17/Treg-IL10/IL-17 axis in the nasal mucosa of AR rats.","PeriodicalId":7650,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy","volume":"37 4","pages":"429-437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9639704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Fascia Lata: Another Workhorse for Complex Skull Base Reconstruction. 阔筋膜:复杂颅底重建的另一个主力。
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q1 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/19458924231170955
Neal R Godse, Satyan B Sreenath, Firas Sbeih, Troy D Woodard, Varun R Kshettry, Pablo F Recinos, Raj Sindwani

Background: Multiple methods exist for skull base reconstruction of defects created by expanded endonasal approaches. While the nasoseptal flap (NSF) has been well established as the workhorse of mucosal reconstruction in complex skull base defects in multi-layered closures, a variety of options exist for the inner layer of multilayer reconstruction, including fascia lata (FL).

Objective: To present our experience and outcomes in utilizing FL in multiple ways to reconstruct a wide variety of complex skull base defects.

Methods: Retrospective review was performed from May 2017 to February 2022 to identify 50 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic skull base reconstruction using FL.

Results: FL was employed for reconstruction in 50 patients included in the study: 37 undergoing primary expanded endonasal skull base surgery and 13 revision cases. A wide range of complex pathology was treated, with meningioma and craniopharyngioma being the two most common. FL was utilized as a "button" graft (34/50, 68.0%), free graft inlay/onlay (13/50, 26.0%), and as a button graft combined with onlay (3/50, 6.0%). Expanded surgery defects addressed included tuberculum sella/sphenoid planum (36/50, 72.0%), clivus (6/50, 12.0%), and cribriform/planum (8/50, 16.0%). Successful reconstruction with fascia lata was accomplished in 46/50 cases (92%), with only 4 cases (8%) requiring revision for post-op CSF leak. Donor-site complications were rare with only 1 case (2.0%) of post-op seroma.

Conclusion: FL, usually with NSF, offers a versatile option for the reconstruction of challenging defects with excellent outcomes and minimal morbidity. FL is emerging as a workhorse for reconstruction of the inner layer of complex skull base defects.

背景:扩鼻入路后颅底缺损的重建有多种方法。虽然鼻中隔皮瓣(NSF)已被公认为多层封闭复杂颅底缺损粘膜重建的主要方法,但多层重建的内层有多种选择,包括阔筋膜(FL)。目的:介绍多种方法应用FL修复各种复杂颅底缺损的经验和效果。方法:回顾性分析2017年5月至2022年2月连续50例使用FL进行内镜下颅底重建的患者。结果:纳入研究的50例患者使用FL进行重建:37例接受原发性鼻内颅底扩大手术,13例翻修。治疗范围广泛的复杂病理,脑膜瘤和颅咽管瘤是最常见的两种。FL被用作“钮扣”接枝(34/50,68.0%)、游离接枝嵌体/嵌体(13/50,26.0%)和嵌体结合的钮扣接枝(3/50,6.0%)。扩大手术缺损包括鞍结节/蝶平面(36/50,72.0%)、斜坡(6/50,12.0%)和筛网/平面(8/50,16.0%)。50例中有46例(92%)成功重建阔筋膜,只有4例(8%)因术后脑脊液泄漏需要翻修。供体部位并发症罕见,术后血清肿仅1例(2.0%)。结论:FL,通常与NSF,提供了一个多功能的选择重建具有良好的效果和最低的发病率。FL正在成为复杂颅底缺损内层重建的主力。
{"title":"Fascia Lata: Another Workhorse for Complex Skull Base Reconstruction.","authors":"Neal R Godse,&nbsp;Satyan B Sreenath,&nbsp;Firas Sbeih,&nbsp;Troy D Woodard,&nbsp;Varun R Kshettry,&nbsp;Pablo F Recinos,&nbsp;Raj Sindwani","doi":"10.1177/19458924231170955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19458924231170955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple methods exist for skull base reconstruction of defects created by expanded endonasal approaches. While the nasoseptal flap (NSF) has been well established as the workhorse of mucosal reconstruction in complex skull base defects in multi-layered closures, a variety of options exist for the inner layer of multilayer reconstruction, including fascia lata (FL).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To present our experience and outcomes in utilizing FL in multiple ways to reconstruct a wide variety of complex skull base defects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective review was performed from May 2017 to February 2022 to identify 50 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic skull base reconstruction using FL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FL was employed for reconstruction in 50 patients included in the study: 37 undergoing primary expanded endonasal skull base surgery and 13 revision cases. A wide range of complex pathology was treated, with meningioma and craniopharyngioma being the two most common. FL was utilized as a \"button\" graft (34/50, 68.0%), free graft inlay/onlay (13/50, 26.0%), and as a button graft combined with onlay (3/50, 6.0%). Expanded surgery defects addressed included tuberculum sella/sphenoid planum (36/50, 72.0%), clivus (6/50, 12.0%), and cribriform/planum (8/50, 16.0%). Successful reconstruction with fascia lata was accomplished in 46/50 cases (92%), with only 4 cases (8%) requiring revision for post-op CSF leak. Donor-site complications were rare with only 1 case (2.0%) of post-op seroma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FL, usually with NSF, offers a versatile option for the reconstruction of challenging defects with excellent outcomes and minimal morbidity. FL is emerging as a workhorse for reconstruction of the inner layer of complex skull base defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":7650,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy","volume":"37 4","pages":"485-494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9641232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Impact of Reverse Septal Flap on Morbidity of Nasoseptal Flap Reconstruction of Skull Base Defects. 逆行鼻中隔瓣对鼻中隔瓣重建颅底缺损发病率的影响。
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q1 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/19458924231166801
William A Strober, Benita Valappil, Carl H Snyderman

Background: The workhorse for endonasal reconstruction of skull base defects is the posteriorly-based nasoseptal flap (NSF). Postoperative nasal deformities and decreased olfaction are potential complications of NSF. The reverse septal flap (RSF) minimizes the donor site morbidity of the NSF by covering the exposed cartilage of the anterior septum. Currently, there are minimal data examining its effect on outcomes including nasal dorsum collapse and olfaction.

Objective: Our study aims to clarify whether the RSF should be utilized when the option exists.

Methods: Adult patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) surgery of the skull base (transsellar/transplanum/transclival approaches) with NSF reconstruction were identified. Data from 2 separate cohorts, one retrospective and one prospective, were collected. Follow-up was at least 6 months. Patients were photographed preoperatively and postoperatively using standard rhinoplastic nasal views. Patients completed the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) preoperatively and postoperatively and were also queried regarding subjective changes in nasal appearance and plans for cosmetic surgery following EEA.

Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the change in UPSIT and SNOT-22 scores between patients receiving RSF and other reconstructive groups (either NSF without RSF or no NSF). One of 25 patients who were reconstructed with an NSF with RSF reported a change in nasal appearance; none were considering reconstructive surgery. The proportion of patients reporting changes in appearance was significantly lower in the NSF with RSF group as compared to the NSF without RSF group (P = .012).

Conclusion: The use of an RSF to limit donor site morbidity of the NSF was shown to significantly decrease the proportion of patients who reported nasal deformities and did not show a significant difference in patient-reported sinonasal outcomes. Given these findings, RSF should be considered whenever an NSF is used for reconstruction.

背景:鼻内重建颅底缺损的主要方法是后基鼻中隔瓣(NSF)。术后鼻畸形和嗅觉下降是NSF的潜在并发症。逆行鼻中隔皮瓣(RSF)通过覆盖前鼻中隔暴露的软骨,最大限度地减少了NSF的供区发病率。目前,研究其对鼻背塌陷和嗅觉等预后影响的数据很少。目的:我们的研究旨在澄清是否应该使用RSF当选择存在。方法:对经鼻内窥镜颅底入路(经鞍/经肺/经巩膜入路)重建NSF的成年患者进行鉴定。收集了2个独立队列的数据,一个是回顾性的,一个是前瞻性的。随访至少6个月。患者术前和术后使用标准鼻整形镜拍照。患者术前和术后均完成了宾夕法尼亚大学嗅觉识别测试(UPSIT)和22项中鼻结果测试(SNOT-22),并询问了EEA后鼻腔外观的主观变化和整容手术计划。结果:接受RSF的患者与其他重建组(无RSF或无NSF)的UPSIT和SNOT-22评分变化无统计学差异。25例重建NSF伴RSF的患者中有1例报告鼻腔外观改变;没有人考虑进行重建手术。NSF合并RSF组报告外观改变的患者比例明显低于无RSF组(P = 0.012)。结论:使用非鼻窦炎来限制非鼻窦炎供体部位的发病率,可以显著降低报告鼻部畸形的患者比例,并且在患者报告的鼻窦预后方面没有显着差异。考虑到这些发现,无论何时使用NSF进行重建,都应考虑RSF。
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引用次数: 1
The Efficacy of Olfactory Training as a Treatment for Olfactory Disorders Caused by Coronavirus Disease-2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 嗅觉训练治疗冠状病毒病-2019引起的嗅觉障碍的疗效:系统综述和荟萃分析
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q1 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/19458924221150977
Se Hwan Hwang, Sung Won Kim, Mohammed Abdullah Basurrah, Do Hyun Kim

Background: There have been reports investigating the use of olfactory training in olfactory dysfunction after COVID-19.

Objective: We evaluated the effect of olfactory training on the olfactory dysfunction of patients infected with COVID-19.

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Web of Science, the Cochrane database, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar up to May 2022. We retrieved studies that compared the extents of olfactory dysfunction before and after olfactory training. We performed a subgroup analysis by the duration of olfactory dysfunction.

Results: The olfactory score after olfactory training (standard mean difference [SMD] = 1.0830, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.6416; 1.5245], P < .0001, I2 = 90.4%) was higher than that before training. The olfactory dysfunction rate differed significantly (OR = 0.0232, 95% CI [0.0052; 0.1044], P < .0001, I2 = 63.1%) before and after olfactory training. On subgroup analysis, although patients with both acute (onset < 30 days prior) and chronic (onset > 30 days prior) olfactory dysfunction evidenced clinically significant improvements, training during acute dysfunction (compared to acute dysfunction) increased the olfactory score to a greater extent (SMD = 1.7779, 95% CI [1.0077; 2.5481] vs 0.6928 [0.2143; 1.1712], P = 0.0190). Moreover, as a result of subgroup analysis by dividing the included studies into2 using 2-month training period as standard, there was no statistically significant difference in the effect of the training period in the included study.

Conclusion: Olfactory training improved olfactory disorders caused by COVID-19. Such training was effective in both the acute and chronic phases.

背景:有报道调查了嗅觉训练在COVID-19后嗅觉功能障碍中的应用。目的:探讨嗅觉训练对新型冠状病毒感染患者嗅觉功能障碍的影响。方法:截至2022年5月,我们检索了PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science、Cochrane数据库、SCOPUS和Google Scholar。我们检索了比较嗅觉训练前后嗅觉功能障碍程度的研究。我们根据嗅觉功能障碍持续时间进行亚组分析。结果:嗅觉训练后的嗅觉评分(标准均差[SMD] = 1.0830, 95%可信区间[CI] [0.6416;[1.5245], P < 0.0001, I2 = 90.4%)高于训练前。嗅觉功能障碍率差异有统计学意义(OR = 0.0232, 95% CI [0.0052;0.1044], P < 0.0001, I2 = 63.1%)。在亚组分析中,尽管急性(发病前< 30天)和慢性(发病前> 30天)嗅觉功能障碍患者均有临床显著改善,但急性功能障碍期间的训练(与急性功能障碍相比)更大程度地增加了嗅觉评分(SMD = 1.7779, 95% CI [1.0077;2.5481] vs 0.6928 [0.2143;1.1712], p = 0.0190)。此外,以2个月的训练期为标准将纳入研究分为2组进行亚组分析,纳入研究的训练期效果差异无统计学意义。结论:嗅觉训练可改善新冠肺炎患者的嗅觉障碍。这种训练在急性期和慢性期都是有效的。
{"title":"The Efficacy of Olfactory Training as a Treatment for Olfactory Disorders Caused by Coronavirus Disease-2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Se Hwan Hwang,&nbsp;Sung Won Kim,&nbsp;Mohammed Abdullah Basurrah,&nbsp;Do Hyun Kim","doi":"10.1177/19458924221150977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19458924221150977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There have been reports investigating the use of olfactory training in olfactory dysfunction after COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We evaluated the effect of olfactory training on the olfactory dysfunction of patients infected with COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Web of Science, the Cochrane database, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar up to May 2022. We retrieved studies that compared the extents of olfactory dysfunction before and after olfactory training. We performed a subgroup analysis by the duration of olfactory dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The olfactory score after olfactory training (standard mean difference [SMD] = 1.0830, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.6416; 1.5245], <i>P</i> < .0001, I<sup>2</sup> = 90.4%) was higher than that before training. The olfactory dysfunction rate differed significantly (OR = 0.0232, 95% CI [0.0052; 0.1044], <i>P</i> < .0001, I<sup>2</sup> = 63.1%) before and after olfactory training. On subgroup analysis, although patients with both acute (onset < 30 days prior) and chronic (onset > 30 days prior) olfactory dysfunction evidenced clinically significant improvements, training during acute dysfunction (compared to acute dysfunction) increased the olfactory score to a greater extent (SMD = 1.7779, 95% CI [1.0077; 2.5481] vs 0.6928 [0.2143; 1.1712], <i>P</i> = 0.0190). Moreover, as a result of subgroup analysis by dividing the included studies into2 using 2-month training period as standard, there was no statistically significant difference in the effect of the training period in the included study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Olfactory training improved olfactory disorders caused by COVID-19. Such training was effective in both the acute and chronic phases.</p>","PeriodicalId":7650,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy","volume":"37 4","pages":"495-501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9701286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
The Modified Medial Maxillectomy as a Radical or Extended,-yet Still Functional,-Technique in Sinus Surgery. 改良上颌骨内侧切除术作为鼻窦手术的根治性或延伸性技术。
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q1 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/19458924231168219
Eugene H Wong, Marina N Cavada, Carolyn A Orgain, Jessica W Grayson, Raquel Alvarado, Raewyn G Campbell, Richard Harvey, Raymond Sacks, Larry H Kalish

Background: Endoscopic sinus surgery with a middle meatal antrostomy is a common intervention in the treatment algorithm for maxillary sinus pathologies. However, this procedure has its origins in a time when simple ventilation of the sinus cavity was the primary (and only often) goal of surgery. In some patients, persistent mucociliary dysfunction occurs despite ventilatory surgery. Although the endoscopic modified medial maxillectomy (MMM) was originally described for tumour surgery, it provides a radical yet still functional option to overcome chronic sinus dysfunction.

Objective: The goal of this study was to describe the functional status of a post-MMM sinus cavity.

Methods: A consecutive series of patients who underwent at least a unilateral MMM by three tertiary rhinologists were retrospectively reviewed. Prospectively collected data included patient demographics (including age, gender, smoking status and comorbidities), disease-specific factors, microbiology, and preoperative patient-reported symptoms based on the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) and radiology. The primary outcome of the study was the presence of sinus dysfunction, defined by mucostasis or pooling on endoscopic examination at the last follow-up. Secondary outcomes included the need for revision surgery as a result of sinus dysfunction and the improvement in SNOT-22 score.

Results: A total of 551 medial maxillectomies (47.0% female, 52.9 ± 16.8 years) were performed. Very few patients experienced post-operative sustained mucostasis following MMM (10.2%) and even fewer required revision surgery (5.0%). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (odds ratio (OR) = 6.82, P < 0.002.) and asthma (OR = 2.48, P = 0.03) were associated with mucostasis. Patients who underwent an MMM experienced a notable postoperative improvement in SNOT-22 score (45.9 ± 23.7 (pre-op) vs. 23.6 ± 19.4 (post-op); paired t-test, P < 0.0001).

Conclusion: The MMM, whether performed for access to pathology or with the intent to avoid mucous 'sumping' with the sinus, can provide a long-term functional maxillary sinus cavity with minimal morbidity.

背景:鼻内窥镜手术加中颅窦造口术是治疗上颌窦病变的常用方法。然而,当单纯的鼻窦腔通气是手术的主要目标时,这种手术就有了它的起源。在一些患者中,尽管进行了通气手术,但仍存在持续的纤毛粘膜功能障碍。虽然内窥镜改良上颌骨内侧切除术(MMM)最初被描述为肿瘤手术,但它提供了一种根治性的功能选择,以克服慢性鼻窦功能障碍。目的:本研究的目的是描述mmm后窦腔的功能状态。方法:对三名三级鼻科医生连续接受至少单侧MMM手术的患者进行回顾性分析。前瞻性收集的数据包括患者人口统计数据(包括年龄、性别、吸烟状况和合并症)、疾病特异性因素、微生物学和术前患者报告的症状,这些数据基于22项鼻窦预后测试-22 (SNOT-22)和放射学。该研究的主要结果是鼻窦功能障碍的存在,在最后一次随访时通过粘膜静止或内窥镜检查来定义。次要结果包括由于窦功能障碍和SNOT-22评分的改善而需要翻修手术。结果:共行上颌内侧切除术551例(女性47.0%,年龄52.9±16.8岁)。很少有患者在术后出现持续的粘膜稳定(10.2%),甚至更少的患者需要翻修手术(5.0%)。慢性阻塞性肺疾病(优势比(OR) = 6.82, P = 0.03)与粘膜冻结相关。接受MMM治疗的患者术后SNOT-22评分显著改善(术前45.9±23.7 vs术后23.6±19.4);结论:无论是为了病理检查还是为了避免粘膜与鼻窦“淤积”,MMM都可以提供一个长期功能良好的上颌窦腔,且发病率最低。
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引用次数: 1
CCAD or eCRS: Defining Eosinophilic Subpopulations in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. CCAD或eCRS:定义慢性鼻窦炎嗜酸性粒细胞亚群。
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q1 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/19458924231155012
Andrea Sit, Raquel Alvarado, Peter Earls, Janet Rimmer, Larry Kalish, Raewyn Campbell, William Sewell, Richard J Harvey

Background: Central compartment atopic disease (CCAD) and eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (eCRS) are two clinical phenotypes of primary diffuse type 2 chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) defined in the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis 2020 classification. Currently, the distinction between these subtypes relies on phenotypic features alone.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether eosinophil activation differed between CCAD and eCRS.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted of adult patients presenting with CCAD and eCRS who had undergone functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Routine pathology results were obtained from clinical records. Eosinophils were counted on haematoxylin and eosin-stained formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sinonasal tissue. Eotaxin-3, eosinophil peroxidase and immunoglobulin E levels were assessed using immunohistochemistry.

Results: 38 participants were included (51.7 ± 15.6 years, 47.4% female), of whom 36.8% were diagnosed with CCAD and 63.2% with eCRS. The eCRS group was characterised by older age (55.8 ± 16.3 vs 44.5 ± 11.8 years, p = 0.029), and on histology exhibited a higher degree of tissue inflammation (τb = 0.409, p = 0.011), greater proportion of patients with >100 eosinophils/high power field (87.5% vs 50%, p = 0.011), and higher absolute tissue eosinophil count (2141 ± 1947 vs 746 ± 519 cells/mm2, p = 0.013). Eotaxin-3 scores were higher in the eCRS group (5.00[5.00-6.00] vs 6.00[6.00-6.75], p= 0.015). Other outcomes were similar.

Conclusions: Eosinophil and eotaxin-3 levels were elevated in eCRS compared with CCAD, suggesting a greater degree of eosinophil stimulation and chemotaxis. Patients with CCAD were younger. Future investigation and biomarkers may better distinguish CRS subpopulations.

背景:中央室特应性疾病(CCAD)和嗜酸性粒细胞性慢性鼻窦炎(eCRS)是欧洲鼻窦炎2020分类立场文件中定义的原发性弥漫性2型慢性鼻窦炎(CRS)的两种临床表型。目前,这些亚型之间的区别仅依赖于表型特征。目的:本研究旨在探讨CCAD与eCRS之间嗜酸性粒细胞激活是否存在差异。方法:一项横断面研究对CCAD和eCRS的成人患者进行了功能性内窥镜鼻窦手术。常规病理结果来源于临床记录。嗜酸性粒细胞计数的鼻窦组织的苏木精和伊红染色固定石蜡包埋福尔马林。免疫组化法检测Eotaxin-3、嗜酸性过氧化物酶和免疫球蛋白E水平。结果:纳入38例受试者(51.7±15.6岁,女性47.4%),其中36.8%诊断为CCAD, 63.2%诊断为eCRS。eCRS组的特点是年龄较大(55.8±16.3岁vs 44.5±11.8岁,p = 0.029),组织学上表现出较高的组织炎症程度(τb = 0.409, p = 0.011), >100嗜酸性粒细胞/高倍视野的患者比例较大(87.5% vs 50%, p = 0.011),组织嗜酸性粒细胞绝对计数较高(2141±1947 vs 746±519细胞/mm2, p = 0.013)。eCRS组Eotaxin-3评分较高(5.00[5.00-6.00]vs 6.00[6.00-6.75], p = 0.015)。其他结果相似。结论:与CCAD相比,eCRS的嗜酸性粒细胞和eotaxin-3水平升高,表明eCRS的嗜酸性粒细胞刺激程度和趋化性更大。CCAD患者较年轻。未来的研究和生物标志物可能会更好地区分CRS亚群。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy
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