Sbornik vedeckych praci Lekarske fakulty Karlovy univerzity v Hradci Kralove. Supplementum最新文献

The 7-metoxytacrine (7-MEOTA) is an original Czech cholinergic agent synthetized in the labs of the Military Medical Academy in Hradec Králové. The treatment of tardive dyskinesias is one of the possible indications of the use of 7-MEOTA in clinical practice. The authors have summed up their experience from the first phase of clinical tests with 7-MEOTA in psychiatrical patients suffering from tardive dyskinesias in long-termed administration of cholinergic agents. The clinical efficiency and tolerance of 7-MEOTA have been evaluated after a single administration of 100 mg of 7-MEOTA per os in 19 patients. A reduction of dyskinesias was observed as early as 4 h following the testing dose. In 5 patients, viz. in 26% a reduction of dyskinesias was observed of more than 50% of the original value of the total score of the testing scale AIMS. Except for a slight decrease of the blood pressure and a mild somnolence in 3 patients no other undesirable effects have been observed. In some patients a slight euphorization effect of 7-MEOTA has been found.

The present study deals with the basic principles of the genetic toxicology, the use of detection methods to determine substances with genotoxic effects and emphasizes the advantage of using tests on prokaryotic-bacterial level. The so-called Ames test, i.e. the testing system with Salmonella typhimurium strains, is also detailed.

The authors evaluate the group of 25 patients suffering from malignant melanoma in head and neck region. Patients were treated on ENT clinic in Hradec Králové during 1961-1991. The authors describe the localization of malignant melanoma, the process of therapy and the surviving of patients. The contemporary opinions are discussed for possibilities of therapy.

The history of Ames test development has been elucidated along with its validity, using new testing strains, means of metabolic activation, new processing techniques and the modality of statistical evaluation of the results. This study summarizes possible applications of Ames test within both experimental and monitoring procedures far beyond the only medical and pharmaceutical field.

Logistic regression (LR) and concept of the beta-confidence allocation rule were applied to predict the survival of dogs within the radiobiological experiment. The biochemical and haematological investigations in 86 dogs on the 2nd, 5th and 8th day post-external gamma-neutron irradiation (4.8-7.2 Gy) were used as explanatory variables for the prediction of more than 64 days survival. The influence of experimental conditions was monitored. Correctly predicted cases with LR models were proportioned as 81%, 85% and 93% on 2nd, 5th and 8th day respectively. Using beta-allocation rule, those correctly allocated with 0.50 confidence on the individual days were 75%, 81% and 85% of cases, that adds valuable information on the stability of the estimated classification rule. Method of beta-allocation also allows testing of whether individual observations are correctly assigned at a given significance level.

In an open clinical study the authors have verified the effectivity and tolerance of 7-metoxytacrine cholinergic agent (7-MEOTA) in a total consisting of 14 patients with schizophrenic or schizoaffective psychoses suffering from tardive dyskinesias in long-termed treatment with neuroleptics. In the whole group consisting of 14 patients the seven days' administration of the experimental preparation in a dose of 100-150 mg pro die was evaluated. The 7-MEOTA preparation was administered to 7 patients for 2 weeks. In the seven and fourteen days' administration a favourable effect of 7-MEOTA on tardive dyskinesias was observed. A fast onset of the efficiency as early as in the first days of the treatment was recorded. In final evaluation a minimal reduction of 50% of the intensity of the dyskinesias (using the AIMS scale) in 29% of the patients treated for a fortnight was found. The 7-MEOTA preparation was well tolerated, no undesirable marked side effects being observed. A transient increase of ALT was found in 1 patient only in the 2nd week of the treatment. In experimental treatment the maintenance neuroleptical therapy was not discontinued. An improvement of the dyskinesias overlasted in some patients as long as 2 month g after the discontinuation of the administration of 7-MEOTA preparation.

Probable undesirable influence of visual display terminals to attendance are characterized: electric and electrostatic fields, magnetic field, x-ray and UV-radiation. There are described protective arrangements here: terminals of a new construction, prospectively protective filters in front of old terminals.

Health state, as well as hematological, biochemical and cytogenetical changes of 53 stainless steel welders were checked-up. Results were compared to those of non exposed persons (control), and to a group of firemen. Urine metals concentrations correlated with the welding fumes density. In the majority of welders typical complaints appeared: aqueous nasal secretion of a clogged nose feeling. Only some of workers suffered from a metal vapours fever. No changes witnessing the above mentioned risk factors influence on the hematological and biochemical findings were ever proved. Cytogenetical analysis confirmed an increased genetic risk.

The authors discuss their own experience with noncardiac surgery in continuously Coumarine anticoagulant treated patients with mechanical valvular prostheses. Of 38 patients treated since 1986 were 12 operated under full Coumarine anticoagulant treatment, on eighteen patients were given Heparin preoperatively in a continual infusion, five patients were given an anti-agreggation dose of Heparin and other didn't receive any anticoagulant treatment. According to the authors' opinion it is safer to change the patients before the planned surgical treatment to intravenous Heparin. In case of urgent surgery it is, however, possible to operate also anticoagulant treated patients on. The authors in principle don't recommend K vitamin administration before surgery. Antibiotic prophylaxis before surgery is a matter of course.

Survey of therapeutical and preventive care of premature babies with retinopathy. We observed the children during 10 years (1982-1991). 144 children were cared for various degree of ROP. This number represents 4.5% of unripe babies hospitalized in the pediatric clinic of Faculty hospital in Hradec Králové. The kryopexis was carried out as a model of prevention of ROP in 66 children, where the success arose in 74%.