Sbornik vedeckych praci Lekarske fakulty Karlovy univerzity v Hradci Kralove. Supplementum最新文献

A total of 58 children is referred to with fractured growth plates of the distal forearm, proximal humerus, radial condyle of humerus, ulnar epicondyle of humerus, distal tibia, proximal tibia and the distal femur. The related injuries are divided in accord with Salter-Harris classification. The treatment of epiphysiolyses is concerned together with summarizing its results and the appropriate experience. In addition, the indications for both conservative and surgical approaches are delimited in treating these injuries.

Colicins are proteinaceous substances produced by Escherichia coli strains and related bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family. They are considered to be an important factor in preserving the balance of the intestinal microflora. Their antibiotic action on susceptible bacteria is supplemented with cytotoxicity for several pro- and eukaryotic cells. The large bowel is a natural site of their action. Besides of enhancing oxidoreductive activity of leukocytes in vitro, colicins are also believed to influence inflammatory reaction in vivo. For these reasons, the first part of the present work was concerned with studying colicinogeny in nonspecific inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). No significant difference has been found out in colicinogeny between a total of 93 IBD-related and 160 healthy controls. In testing leukocyte migration inhibition, colicins of autologous E. coli were used as antigens. The migration index out of normal range showed 36% patients with ulcerative colitis (5/14), 80% patients with Crohn's disease (12/15), and only one clinically healthy control subject (1/16; 6%). The obtained results are considered to be proof of cellular hypersensitivity of IBD patients to colicins of their own E. coli strains. In several colicins the antitumorous effect has been reported in both the in vitro and in vivo experimentation. The second part of this work was concerned with colicinogeny in colorectal cancer. Colicinogenic E. coli were evidenced in 42 subjects (40%) from 105 patients with colorectal carcinoma. Controls showed colicinogenic E. coli in 102/160 clinically healthy subjects (64%), and the difference was as significant as p less than 0.05. In colorectal cancer group, the subjects with proved colicinogeny showed lesser amounts of colicinogenic E. coli strains in contrast with non-colicinogenic ones. In colorectal cancer patients with colicinogenic E. coli strains, B and M colicins were of most frequent occurrence in them no antitumorous effect has been experimentally stated. If changes of colicinogeny were only either the manifestation or consequence of tumor disease, so both the presence or absence of colicinogenic E. coli would have been dependent of clinical patients's condition, stage of disease (in accord with Dukes) or correlated with the tumor markers. For these accounts, a total of 28 colorectal cancer patients underwent a colicinogenic study. However, no colicinogeny dependence was evidenced of either clinical condition or Dukes stage, showing no correlation with any of cancer markers investigated (carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 19-9, alfa-1-fetoprotein, alfa-1-orosomucoid, Cancer serum index, sialic acid, lysozyme).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

In the recent years, more attention is paid by radiobiologists to both prevention and therapy of a relatively less studied gastrointestinal postirradiation syndrome (GPS). Moreover, the increase in interest in GPS is motivated with the requirement as to obtain the decrease in action of ionizing radiation on the intestinal mucosa at making radiotherapy of abdominal or pelvic region. The GPS occurs consequently to the affected abdominal region or all the organism with ionizing radiation. Its approximal doses from 10 to 100 Gy (gamma) are critical for the survival of intestinal mucosa, especially that of jejunum and ileum. Under the threshold of a single and total dose from 6 to 10 Gy, the intestinal mucosa may usually regenerate, and the survival depends mainly on the preservation or restoration of hemopoietic activity of blood forming tissues. The main pathogenetic GPS factor resides in the afflication of stem cells of mucosal crypts. The intestinal epithelium stops to be fluently replaced after the irradiation. The motion arrests of epithelial cells from crypts to the apex of villi. The elderly cells undergoes degradation, and after several days the denudation of mucosa occurs with possible distortion of deeper layers of intestinal wall. The intestinal microflora is involved in the pathogenesis both directly and indirectly. Amongst the former events is ranged the invasion of distorted mucosa in compromised both local and systemic immunity. Indirectly, the intestinal microflora is GPS associated by stimulating mitotic activity in crypts, therefore more cells are in the radiosensitive phase. In germ-free animals there is a significant decrease in mitotic activity of crypts, and the migration time of epithelial cells from crypts to the apex villi is twice more prolongated, what induces possible restoration of active center after the irradiation. The GPS also results in disorder of metabolic processes which are conditioned with intestinal mucosa. Its typical manifestation resides in the wash-out of mucus, decreased resorption of nutrients and loss of water and minerals into the intestinal lumen. The GPS-related are another disorders of the organism, those of liver and kidney apparently induced due to the intoxication with catabolic products. The microflora has been stated to be involved in GPS by the experiments on germ-free animals. In the absence of microflora, the survival is greater in duration. After a total pigs irradiation with 10-30 Gy, more than two times survival prolongation occurs. The abdominal irradiation with 12 Gy results to the death of only conventional pigs, whereas those germ-free show a survival.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Cytotoxicity of an experimental vitrioionomeric cement Aspan has been proved on the basis of morphological reaction of cells cultivated in vitro. There was no decrease in toxic action of Aspan when recovered with Silfolit and Evicrol varnishes.

Precanceroses and early screening of endometrial carcinomas are reviewed. Measures are evaluated on how to prevent this malignancy with administration of gestagens in hyperplastical endometrial changes in climacteric conditions and manifestations of endometrial estrogenization in postmenopause. On the basis of clinical, laboratory and histological investigations, the total of 31 female subjects with dysfunctional bleeding was given medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera Upjohn tbl.) in 10 mg daily doses for up to 10-13 days cyclically prior to the onset of menopause. Under the mentioned treatment any of them experienced the rebleed, and no endometrial carcinoma had been diagnosed with control vacuum curettage within one year of observation. In a total of 196 women operated on to endometrial carcinoma, the occurrence of risk-factors for the development of mentioned tumour (obesity, late menopause, i.e. menopause after 50 years of age, sterility and dysfunctional bleeding backed with anovulation, long-term estrogen administration, feminizing ovarian tumours, liver diseases, glycide metabolic disorders and hypertension) was evaluated. The present work was aimed on the screening of asymptomatic group of women. Two important signs (obesity and late menopause) were invariably determined with the addition of any other risk factor. Mentioned women are supposed to undergo regular yearly histological investigation of endometrium. Of most benefit the vacuum curettage is believed by authors as a result of comparing the validation of cytological and histological methods in order of early evidence.

Liver vascular bed of rat is reported to be studied by scanning electron microscopy of corrosive sections. These were prepared with commercially produced methylmetacrylate monomer which was prepolymerized and injected into the prewashed and fixed vascular bed. The injections have been provided through the left cardial ventricle or directly into the liver vessels (hepatic artery, portal vein or hepatis veines). Samples from injected liver were preleved with subsequent corrosion in 40% KOH. The obtained corrosion casts were sectioned using the operational microscope and modified to be observed by scanning electron microscope Tesla BS 300. Normal liver rat pattern has been studied by scanning electron microscopy on the level of angioarchitectonics of vascular bed. The interrelation between branches of hepatic artery and portal vein was documented including their connection with evacuative venous system. In the second part of work the same method was used to study changes of configuration of liver vascular bed in rat through the early and later phases of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.

Results of twenty years experience with identification of anti organ autoantibodies occurring mainly during autoimmune diseases are presented. Cryostat sections from human cadaver tissue and albino-rat kidneys were used for the detection of the above mentioned antibodies, by method of two-step (indirect) immunofluorescence. The study describes working schedule of a newly established subspeciality of pathological anatomy--the "histoserology". The main aim of the study was investigate the occurrence of autoantibodies and to asses the correlation between these findings and health condition of patients. The following antibodies were evaluated: antibodies against epithelia and colloid of thyroid gland, the antibody against parietal cells of stomach mucosa, antibodies against striated ducts of salivary gland and basal elements in its excretory ducts, the antibody against suprarenal cortical elements, the antibody against parathyreoidea, the antibody against smooth muscle cells, anti brush-border antibody, and the anti-nuclear factor as well as the antibodies against intercellular substance and basement membrane of epidermis. Antibody against thyroid gland coloid appears to be of diagnostic value for recognizing of Hashimoto and focal thyroiditis. The finding of antibody against parietal cells indicates the probability of pernicious trait in diagnostically unclear anaemias. On the other hand the finding of such antibody is not very useful in classification of gastritis and its subtyping. The appearance of the phenomenon of "shaggy rim" during the assay for antinuclear factor seems to be very reliable for verification of systemic lupus. The antibody against salivary gland striated ducts does not give fundamental support for diagnosis of Sjögren's disease. Very interesting immunopathological phenomenon is an occurrence of antibody binding to basal cells of salivary gland excretory ducts. To our knowledge, this phenomenon is rather typical for the antibody against cytokeratin polypeptide No 13 and 16. The finding of the antibody against suprarenal gland cortical elements seems to be essential for diagnosis of chronic nonspecific epinephritis since its appearance is mostly without false positivities. Also the antibodies against epidermal intercellular and basement membrane show similar high specificity. Both these antibodies unfortunately often fail and for their high number of false negative results are solely of affirmative importance, since their lack is evidently unwarranted for exclusion of considered disease. Both the findings of antibody against smooth muscle cells and against mitochondria are usefull for the diagnosis of liver lesions especially those of primary biliary cirrhosis. Anti brush-border antibody essentially assists the diagnosis of Crohn's disease and works to differentiate it from ulcerative colitis. Antireticulin antibodies counts frequently for the diagnosis of celiakia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

The location and properties of brain exopeptidase activities are determined with the method of so-called natural substrates. The activities of enzymes cleaving dipeptides (leu-leu, tyr-tyr, tyr-phe, met-ala, met-arg and gly-pro) are compared with both the activities and character of enzymes cleaving chromogenic leu-4M2NA substrate. The present work demonstrates a broad spectrum of exopeptidase activities localized in glia, neurons, neuropile and cerebral vessels. The cleavage of tyr-tyr and tyr-phe substrates is preferred with exopeptidases localized in neurons and their fibrillar protrusions. The leu-leu and leu-4M2NA substrates are cleaved in some definite portions of capillaries and thicker vessels. In the present work the question is discussed of substrate specificities of determined enzymatic activities in relation with detection specificity of M aminopeptidase.

The influence of electroanalgesia on the uterus activity, delivery duration, pH, P02, PCO2, Hb02, BE, sodium and potassium values in venous and arterial umbilical blood as well as in venous mother's blood has been evaluated. The investigated total was composed of 31 pregnancies, in 18 of them the delivery was backed with electroanalgesia, and the remainder of 13 represented a control group. No statistical significance has been evaluated as to the duration of delivery in both groups. The positive finding resides in significantly higher Hb02 and lower Be umbilical blood values in a group with applied electroanalgesia. No significant differences were found out in the rest of either the indices of respiratory foetal metabolism or sodium and potassium values in contrast of control group.

Stressory reactions in surgical patients are studied as the main adaptative reaction occurring in loads both in physiological limits and graded measure, where the reaction itself appears to action as a pathological nuisance. The human stressors are reviewed as well as up-to-date data on the pathophysiology, diagnostics and prevention of stressory reaction including the therapeutical measures in order to prevent the development of organ damages with graded anxious reaction. Of special attention are interrelations of neurohumoral and immune reactions in syndromes of the so-called acute phase holoorganic reaction in the response of the organism on the graded aggression. In addition, the multifactorial stress is scrutinised in detail as the patient goes through the diagnosis and treatment with both its objectivation and minimalization. In conclusion, the modifications are mentioned of the course of stressory reaction in endocrynopathies as well as risks and measures on how to prevent such surprising and harmful interactions.