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The Finnish Pain Questionnaire: comparison of descriptions of pain in coronary heart disease and low back pain. 芬兰疼痛问卷:冠心病和腰痛患者疼痛描述的比较。
Pub Date : 2020-06-04 DOI: 10.2340/1650197784167176
H. Ketovuori, A. Kohvakka, H. Hurri, L. Eskelinen
The verbal description of pain is the method most commonly used to study pain symptoms. The Finnish Pain Questionnaire has not been standardized yet. It is impossible to know which descriptors are typical of certain states of pain and which descriptors differentiate states of pain from each other. The aims of this study was to clarify if it is possible to differentiate pain descriptions for coronary heart disease from descriptions for low back pain using the Finnish Pain Questionnaire and to compare the use of pain descriptors and subclasses of descriptors. The patients comprised 57 male patients with coronary heart disease (mean age 52.9 years) and 60 female patients with low back pain (mean age 52.0 years). The results indicated that different descriptors are important in descriptions of coronary heart disease pain and low back pain. The differences of frequencies in the use of descriptors were statistically significant. There were also significant differences in the use of descriptors from different subclasses of the sensory dimension, according to the mechanisms of pain. The results indicated that it is possible to find out which descriptors are the most important for different states of pain and that the Finnish Pain Questionnaire can be a valid method for describing different states of pain.
对疼痛的口头描述是研究疼痛症状最常用的方法。芬兰疼痛问卷尚未标准化。不可能知道哪些描述符是某些疼痛状态的典型描述符,以及哪些描述符将疼痛状态彼此区分开来。本研究的目的是阐明是否可以使用芬兰疼痛问卷将冠心病的疼痛描述与腰痛的描述区分开来,并比较疼痛描述符和描述符子类的使用。患者包括57名男性冠心病患者(平均年龄52.9岁)和60名女性腰痛患者(平均岁52.0岁)。结果表明,不同的描述符在描述冠心病疼痛和腰痛时很重要。描述符使用频率的差异具有统计学意义。根据疼痛的机制,感觉维度的不同子类的描述符的使用也存在显著差异。结果表明,可以找出哪些描述符对不同的疼痛状态最重要,芬兰疼痛问卷可以成为描述不同疼痛状态的有效方法。
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引用次数: 5
Intra-abdominal pressure and trunk muscle activity during lifting. II. Chronic low-back patients. 提举过程中的腹部压力和躯干肌肉活动。二、慢性腰痛患者。
Pub Date : 2020-06-04 DOI: 10.2340/165019778517513
B. Hemborg, U. Moritz
The aim of this study was to compare trunk muscle strength and intra-abdominal pressure during lifting in low-back patients and in healthy controls. Twenty male workers with 2-18 year history (median 5.5 years) of low-back pain went through strength tests of trunk flexion and extension and a series of standardized lifts. The intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and the EMG activity of the oblique abdominal muscles and of the erector spinae muscles were recorded. The results were compared with those in 20 healthy men exposed to similar loads at work and at leisure. The low-back patients had reduced abdominal muscle strength (-25%) compared with the healthy controls. The IAP during lifting was the same in the two groups despite the difference in abdominal muscle strength. The trunk extension strength was the same in the two groups. The oblique abdominal muscles were only moderately activated during lifting (5-15% of maximum activity with 25 kg) both in low-back patients and in healthy controls. The erector spinae muscle was strongly activated during lifting (40-60% of maximum activity with 25 kg) both in low-back patients and in healthy controls. During backlifting the duration of erector spinae activity varied. Back patients had extended activity compared with the healthy controls. Stiffness seemed to affect the duration of activity in both groups. The oblique abdominal muscles seem to be of no decisive importance to the IAP.
本研究的目的是比较腰背患者和健康对照者在举重时躯干肌肉力量和腹内压力。20名腰痛病史2-18年(中位5.5年)的男性工人进行了躯干屈伸强度测试和一系列标准化举重。记录腹内压(IAP)和腹斜肌、竖脊肌肌电图活动。研究人员将研究结果与20名在工作和休闲时承受类似负荷的健康男性进行了比较。与健康对照组相比,腰背部患者的腹肌力量减少(-25%)。尽管腹肌力量不同,但两组在举重过程中的IAP是相同的。两组的躯干伸展强度相同。腰背患者和健康对照者在举重时腹斜肌仅适度激活(25公斤最大活动的5-15%)。腰背患者和健康对照者在举重时,竖脊肌都被强烈激活(举重25公斤时最大活动的40-60%)。在背举过程中,竖脊肌活动的持续时间有所不同。与健康对照组相比,背部患者的活动时间更长。僵硬似乎影响了两组人活动的持续时间。腹斜肌似乎对内压没有决定性的重要性。
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引用次数: 49
Skin blood flow in relation to external pressure and temperature in the supine position on a standard hospital mattress. 在标准医院床垫上仰卧位时,皮肤血流量与外界压力和温度的关系。
Pub Date : 2020-06-04 DOI: 10.2340/165019778719121126
Ek Ac, G. Gustavsson, Lewis Dh
The purpose of this investigation was to study the relationship between skin blood flow, external pressure and temperature in the skin over bony prominences and muscle padded areas, when healthy individuals and patients with hemiplegia were lying in the supine position on a standard hospital mattress. The pressure values under the gluteus maximus muscle and the sacrum increased significantly in the supine position with bent knees. The heels resting on the mattress gave very high pressure values. Some patients had no observable skin blood flow in the skin over the sacrum and the gluteus maximus muscle. In many individuals there was no observable blood flow in the skin over the heel among both healthy individuals and patients, which was confirmed by very high post-ischemic reactive hyperaemia. There is also a heat accumulation when lying on the mattress which increases the requirement for skin blood flow.
本研究的目的是研究当健康个体和偏瘫患者仰卧在标准医院床垫上时,骨突起和肌肉垫区域皮肤的皮肤血流量、外部压力和温度之间的关系。仰卧位膝关节弯曲时,臀大肌和骶骨下的压力值显著增加。放在床垫上的高跟鞋产生了非常高的压力值。一些患者在骶骨和臀大肌上方的皮肤中没有可观察到的皮肤血流。在许多人中,健康人和患者的足跟皮肤都没有可观察到的血流,这一点通过非常高的缺血后反应性充血得到了证实。躺在床垫上时也会积聚热量,这增加了对皮肤血液流动的要求。
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引用次数: 83
Treatment of spinal cord injuries in the thoracolumbar region. 胸腰椎区脊髓损伤的治疗。
Pub Date : 2020-06-04 DOI: 10.2340/1650197787197175
C. Carlsson, L. Pellettieri
Forty patients with spinal cord injuries in the thoracolumbar region were studied. Clinical and experimental data support the conservative approach. In some patients acute stabilisation is needed and in a few patients operative decompression may be considered. Promising experimental non-invasive techniques to improve recovery are presented, but there are no convincing clinical results so far. The authors believe that regeneration will be the key area for future research.
本文对40例胸腰段脊髓损伤患者进行了研究。临床和实验数据支持保守治疗。一些患者需要急性稳定,少数患者可以考虑手术减压。有希望的实验非侵入性技术,以提高恢复提出,但没有令人信服的临床结果迄今为止。作者认为,再生将是未来研究的重点领域。
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引用次数: 5
Isokinetic plantar flexion endurance. Reliability and validity of output/excitation measurements. 等速跖屈耐力。输出/励磁测量的可靠性和有效性。
Pub Date : 2020-06-04 DOI: 10.2340/1650197785174752
A. Fugl-Meyer, B. Gerdle, B. Eriksson, B. Jonsson
The reliability and validity of isokinetic measurement of plantar flexion endurance has been studied by a method previously described by us which utilizes simultaneous measurements of mechanical contractional work (CW) and integrated electromyogram (iEMG). The reliability was gauged by test/re-test with a two year's interval; while validity was assessed by myoelectric power spectrum analyses. The output/input balance (CW/iEMG) remained unchanged for the group as well as inter-individually. Changes in myoelectric power spectrum as function of number of contractions were clearly indicative of fatigue. Under the present conditions fatigue of fast twitch motor units may explain the rapid decreases in output and excitation followed by nearly steady state levels of all registered parameters. As is the case for non-fatigued isokinetic plantar flexions, the motor unit recruitment order appears quite stereotyped during plantar flexion fatigue. The findings of significantly lower mean power spectrum during the first part of each contraction than during the second part may support the size-principle described by Henneman.
通过我们先前描述的同时测量机械收缩功(CW)和综合肌电图(iEMG)的方法,研究了等速测量足底屈曲耐力的可靠性和有效性。信度以两年为间隔进行测试/再测试;通过肌电能谱分析评估有效性。输出/输入平衡(CW/iEMG)在群体和个体之间保持不变。肌电功率谱随收缩次数的变化清楚地表明疲劳。在目前的条件下,快速抽动运动单元的疲劳可以解释输出和激励的快速下降,随后所有记录参数的接近稳态水平。与非疲劳等速足底屈曲的情况一样,在足底屈曲疲劳期间,运动单元的招募顺序似乎相当刻板。每次收缩的第一部分的平均功率谱明显低于第二部分的结果可能支持Henneman描述的尺寸原理。
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引用次数: 27
Treatment of patients with chronic low back pain. Comparison between rehabilitation centre and outpatient care. 慢性腰痛患者的治疗。康复中心和门诊护理的比较。
Pub Date : 2020-06-04 DOI: 10.2340/1650197784167784
G. Mellin, A. Järvikoski, M. Verkasalo
The results of three weeks' treatment for low back pain were studied in 88 patients at a rehabilitation centre and in 63 outpatients. All the patients were male, and between 54 and 63 years of age. Physical measurements of spinal function were made before and two months after treatment; a questionnaire on back-pain symptoms was filled in before treatment and 2, 6 and 12 months after treatment. A back-pain index based on the replies to the questionnaires was used for evaluating the effects of the treatment. The average results showed that the effects of the treatment lasted six months but disappeared almost completely within a year. The material studied revealed no substantial difference between the results of the rehabilitation centre and outpatient treatment according to the physical measurements or the pain index.
在康复中心对88名患者和63名门诊患者进行了为期三周的腰痛治疗。所有患者均为男性,年龄在54岁至63岁之间。在治疗前和治疗后两个月进行脊柱功能的物理测量;在治疗前和治疗后2、6和12个月填写背痛症状调查表。使用基于问卷回复的背痛指数来评估治疗效果。平均结果显示,治疗效果持续了六个月,但在一年内几乎完全消失。所研究的材料显示,根据身体测量或疼痛指数,康复中心和门诊治疗的结果没有实质性差异。
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引用次数: 11
Relative mechanical load on back and hip muscles in standing position when handling materials manually. A study of packing work. 手动搬运物料时,站立时背部和臀部肌肉的相对机械负荷。包装工作的研究
Pub Date : 2020-06-04 DOI: 10.2340/165019778719159168
O. Svensson, G. Németh, J. Ekholm
Muscular load on the back and hip muscles was quantified and compared using a muscular strength utilization ratio (MUR). The MUR was obtained by dividing the total moment about the bilateral joint axis by the counteracting maximum muscular strength at the same joint angle. 72 different postures during simulated packing work were studied, with different combinations of box size, angle, edge height and weight. The MUR was calculated for a large, an average sized and a small man depending on whether they were all either strong, of average strength, or weak, thus giving nine MUR values for each posture. For a weak man, the MUR exceeded 100% in many postures. The largest box at a zero- or 30-degree angle to the horizontal with its upper edge 20 cm below elbow height gave the highest MUR, while the smallest box angled at 90 degrees with the upper edge 10 cm above elbow height gave the lowest. The presented concept of relating joint load to strength is proposed for use in preventive ergonomic counselling and in vocational rehabilitation.
背部和臀部肌肉上的肌肉负荷被量化,并使用肌肉力量利用率(MUR)进行比较。MUR是通过将绕双侧关节轴的总力矩除以相同关节角度下的最大肌肉力量来获得的。在模拟包装工作中,研究了72种不同的姿势,包括盒子大小、角度、边缘高度和重量的不同组合。根据体型较大、体型中等和体型较小的人是强壮、力量中等还是虚弱来计算他们的MUR,从而为每个姿势提供九个MUR值。对于一个虚弱的男人来说,MUR在许多姿势中都超过了100%。与水平面成0度或30度角的最大盒子,其上边缘低于肘部高度20厘米,给出的MUR最高,而成90度角的最小盒子,上边缘高于肘部高度10厘米,给出最低。提出了将关节负荷与力量联系起来的概念,用于预防性人体工程学咨询和职业康复。
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引用次数: 1
Intra-abdominal pressure measurements using a wireless radio pressure pill and two wire connected pressure transducers: a comparison. 使用无线射频压力药丸和两个电线连接的压力传感器测量腹内压力:比较。
Pub Date : 2020-06-04 DOI: 10.2340/1650197784139146
M. Nordin, G. Elfström, P. Dahlquist
Intra-abdominal pressures were measured simultaneously with a wireless radio pill and two wire-connected pressure transducers introduced orally and rectally respectively. Measurements were made on 8 men during common postures, simple activities and static and dynamic lifting. An acceptable correspondence was found in wave forms of the generated pressure curves in time and shape. The three systems showed, however, a less good agreement in recorded peak differences, i.e. highest and lowest pressure responses to each task. The radio pill is simple to use, but more difficult to calibrate and expensive, compared to the wire-connected methods, which however are less attractive for use in the work environment.
腹内压力分别通过口服和直肠引入的无线射频药丸和两个导线连接的压力传感器同时测量。对8名男性进行了常见姿势、简单活动、静态和动态举重的测量。所生成的压力曲线波形在时间和形状上有较好的对应关系。然而,这三个系统在记录的峰值差异(即对每个任务的最高和最低压力反应)方面表现出不太好的一致性。与有线连接的方法相比,无线电药丸使用简单,但校准难度更大,价格也更贵,而有线连接的方法在工作环境中使用的吸引力较小。
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引用次数: 12
Intra-abdominal pressure and trunk muscle activity during lifting. III. Effect of abdominal muscle training in chronic low-back patients. 提举过程中的腹部压力和躯干肌肉活动。III、 腹部肌肉训练对慢性腰痛患者的影响。
Pub Date : 2020-06-04 DOI: 10.2340/1650197785171524
B. Hemborg, U. Moritz, J. Hamberg, E. Holmström, H. Löwing, I. Åkesson
Isometric training of the abdominal muscles is often recommended in programs of primary or secondary prevention for low-back pain. In this study 20 male workers with 2-18 years' history (average 5 1/2 years) of low-back pain without sciatica went through intense isometric abdominal muscle training for 5 weeks. Before and after training the subjects had trunk flexion and extension strength tests and a series of standardized lifts. The intraabdominal pressure (IAP) and the EMG activity of the oblique abdominal muscles, and of the erector spinae muscle were recorded. It was found that: the strength of the abdominal muscles increased; the increased strength was correlated to an improved recruitment of motor units in the oblique abdominal muscles; the EMG activity of the oblique abdominal muscles when lifting decreased after training, i.e. the acquired ability to recruit more motor units was not made use of; the IAP at lifting was generally not affected. A better knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for the IAP in different situations is needed to support advice on training or other prevention.
在腰痛的一级或二级预防计划中,经常建议进行腹部肌肉的等长训练。在这项研究中,20名有2-18年(平均5年半)腰痛史但没有坐骨神经痛的男性工人接受了为期5周的高强度等长腹肌训练。在训练前后,受试者进行了躯干屈伸力量测试和一系列标准化举重。记录腹部斜肌和竖脊肌的腹内压(IAP)和肌电图活动。研究发现:腹肌的力量增加;力量的增加与腹部斜肌运动单位的募集改善有关;训练后,举重时腹斜肌的肌电活动减少,即未利用获得的招募更多运动单位的能力;起重时的IAP一般不受影响。需要更好地了解在不同情况下负责IAP的机制,以支持关于培训或其他预防的建议。
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引用次数: 40
Vibratory stimulation compared to placebo in alleviation of pain. 振动刺激与安慰剂在减轻疼痛方面的比较。
Pub Date : 2020-06-04 DOI: 10.2340/165019778719153158
Thomas Lundeberg, P. Abrahamsson, L. Bondesson, E. Haker
The placebo effect of vibratory stimulation was studied in 72 patients with chronic pain syndromes in a double-blind crossover trial using a vibrator and a "placebo unit". Pain alleviation was reported by 48% of the patients during vibratory stimulation compared with 34% for placebo treatment; statistical significance (p less than 0.005).
在一项使用振动器和“安慰剂单元”的双盲交叉试验中,对72名慢性疼痛综合征患者进行了振动刺激的安慰剂效应研究。48%的患者在振动刺激期间报告疼痛减轻,而安慰剂治疗的这一比例为34%;差异有统计学意义(p < 0.005)。
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引用次数: 31
期刊
Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine
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