Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.2340/1650197784167176
H. Ketovuori, A. Kohvakka, H. Hurri, L. Eskelinen
The verbal description of pain is the method most commonly used to study pain symptoms. The Finnish Pain Questionnaire has not been standardized yet. It is impossible to know which descriptors are typical of certain states of pain and which descriptors differentiate states of pain from each other. The aims of this study was to clarify if it is possible to differentiate pain descriptions for coronary heart disease from descriptions for low back pain using the Finnish Pain Questionnaire and to compare the use of pain descriptors and subclasses of descriptors. The patients comprised 57 male patients with coronary heart disease (mean age 52.9 years) and 60 female patients with low back pain (mean age 52.0 years). The results indicated that different descriptors are important in descriptions of coronary heart disease pain and low back pain. The differences of frequencies in the use of descriptors were statistically significant. There were also significant differences in the use of descriptors from different subclasses of the sensory dimension, according to the mechanisms of pain. The results indicated that it is possible to find out which descriptors are the most important for different states of pain and that the Finnish Pain Questionnaire can be a valid method for describing different states of pain.
{"title":"The Finnish Pain Questionnaire: comparison of descriptions of pain in coronary heart disease and low back pain.","authors":"H. Ketovuori, A. Kohvakka, H. Hurri, L. Eskelinen","doi":"10.2340/1650197784167176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/1650197784167176","url":null,"abstract":"The verbal description of pain is the method most commonly used to study pain symptoms. The Finnish Pain Questionnaire has not been standardized yet. It is impossible to know which descriptors are typical of certain states of pain and which descriptors differentiate states of pain from each other. The aims of this study was to clarify if it is possible to differentiate pain descriptions for coronary heart disease from descriptions for low back pain using the Finnish Pain Questionnaire and to compare the use of pain descriptors and subclasses of descriptors. The patients comprised 57 male patients with coronary heart disease (mean age 52.9 years) and 60 female patients with low back pain (mean age 52.0 years). The results indicated that different descriptors are important in descriptions of coronary heart disease pain and low back pain. The differences of frequencies in the use of descriptors were statistically significant. There were also significant differences in the use of descriptors from different subclasses of the sensory dimension, according to the mechanisms of pain. The results indicated that it is possible to find out which descriptors are the most important for different states of pain and that the Finnish Pain Questionnaire can be a valid method for describing different states of pain.","PeriodicalId":76523,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine","volume":"16 2 1","pages":"71-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46948548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to compare trunk muscle strength and intra-abdominal pressure during lifting in low-back patients and in healthy controls. Twenty male workers with 2-18 year history (median 5.5 years) of low-back pain went through strength tests of trunk flexion and extension and a series of standardized lifts. The intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and the EMG activity of the oblique abdominal muscles and of the erector spinae muscles were recorded. The results were compared with those in 20 healthy men exposed to similar loads at work and at leisure. The low-back patients had reduced abdominal muscle strength (-25%) compared with the healthy controls. The IAP during lifting was the same in the two groups despite the difference in abdominal muscle strength. The trunk extension strength was the same in the two groups. The oblique abdominal muscles were only moderately activated during lifting (5-15% of maximum activity with 25 kg) both in low-back patients and in healthy controls. The erector spinae muscle was strongly activated during lifting (40-60% of maximum activity with 25 kg) both in low-back patients and in healthy controls. During backlifting the duration of erector spinae activity varied. Back patients had extended activity compared with the healthy controls. Stiffness seemed to affect the duration of activity in both groups. The oblique abdominal muscles seem to be of no decisive importance to the IAP.
{"title":"Intra-abdominal pressure and trunk muscle activity during lifting. II. Chronic low-back patients.","authors":"B. Hemborg, U. Moritz","doi":"10.2340/165019778517513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/165019778517513","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to compare trunk muscle strength and intra-abdominal pressure during lifting in low-back patients and in healthy controls. Twenty male workers with 2-18 year history (median 5.5 years) of low-back pain went through strength tests of trunk flexion and extension and a series of standardized lifts. The intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and the EMG activity of the oblique abdominal muscles and of the erector spinae muscles were recorded. The results were compared with those in 20 healthy men exposed to similar loads at work and at leisure. The low-back patients had reduced abdominal muscle strength (-25%) compared with the healthy controls. The IAP during lifting was the same in the two groups despite the difference in abdominal muscle strength. The trunk extension strength was the same in the two groups. The oblique abdominal muscles were only moderately activated during lifting (5-15% of maximum activity with 25 kg) both in low-back patients and in healthy controls. The erector spinae muscle was strongly activated during lifting (40-60% of maximum activity with 25 kg) both in low-back patients and in healthy controls. During backlifting the duration of erector spinae activity varied. Back patients had extended activity compared with the healthy controls. Stiffness seemed to affect the duration of activity in both groups. The oblique abdominal muscles seem to be of no decisive importance to the IAP.","PeriodicalId":76523,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine","volume":"17 1 1","pages":"5-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42003600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.2340/165019778719121126
Ek Ac, G. Gustavsson, Lewis Dh
The purpose of this investigation was to study the relationship between skin blood flow, external pressure and temperature in the skin over bony prominences and muscle padded areas, when healthy individuals and patients with hemiplegia were lying in the supine position on a standard hospital mattress. The pressure values under the gluteus maximus muscle and the sacrum increased significantly in the supine position with bent knees. The heels resting on the mattress gave very high pressure values. Some patients had no observable skin blood flow in the skin over the sacrum and the gluteus maximus muscle. In many individuals there was no observable blood flow in the skin over the heel among both healthy individuals and patients, which was confirmed by very high post-ischemic reactive hyperaemia. There is also a heat accumulation when lying on the mattress which increases the requirement for skin blood flow.
{"title":"Skin blood flow in relation to external pressure and temperature in the supine position on a standard hospital mattress.","authors":"Ek Ac, G. Gustavsson, Lewis Dh","doi":"10.2340/165019778719121126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/165019778719121126","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this investigation was to study the relationship between skin blood flow, external pressure and temperature in the skin over bony prominences and muscle padded areas, when healthy individuals and patients with hemiplegia were lying in the supine position on a standard hospital mattress. The pressure values under the gluteus maximus muscle and the sacrum increased significantly in the supine position with bent knees. The heels resting on the mattress gave very high pressure values. Some patients had no observable skin blood flow in the skin over the sacrum and the gluteus maximus muscle. In many individuals there was no observable blood flow in the skin over the heel among both healthy individuals and patients, which was confirmed by very high post-ischemic reactive hyperaemia. There is also a heat accumulation when lying on the mattress which increases the requirement for skin blood flow.","PeriodicalId":76523,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine","volume":"19 3 1","pages":"121-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49274171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.2340/1650197787197175
C. Carlsson, L. Pellettieri
Forty patients with spinal cord injuries in the thoracolumbar region were studied. Clinical and experimental data support the conservative approach. In some patients acute stabilisation is needed and in a few patients operative decompression may be considered. Promising experimental non-invasive techniques to improve recovery are presented, but there are no convincing clinical results so far. The authors believe that regeneration will be the key area for future research.
{"title":"Treatment of spinal cord injuries in the thoracolumbar region.","authors":"C. Carlsson, L. Pellettieri","doi":"10.2340/1650197787197175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/1650197787197175","url":null,"abstract":"Forty patients with spinal cord injuries in the thoracolumbar region were studied. Clinical and experimental data support the conservative approach. In some patients acute stabilisation is needed and in a few patients operative decompression may be considered. Promising experimental non-invasive techniques to improve recovery are presented, but there are no convincing clinical results so far. The authors believe that regeneration will be the key area for future research.","PeriodicalId":76523,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine","volume":"19 2 1","pages":"71-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42419756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.2340/1650197785174752
A. Fugl-Meyer, B. Gerdle, B. Eriksson, B. Jonsson
The reliability and validity of isokinetic measurement of plantar flexion endurance has been studied by a method previously described by us which utilizes simultaneous measurements of mechanical contractional work (CW) and integrated electromyogram (iEMG). The reliability was gauged by test/re-test with a two year's interval; while validity was assessed by myoelectric power spectrum analyses. The output/input balance (CW/iEMG) remained unchanged for the group as well as inter-individually. Changes in myoelectric power spectrum as function of number of contractions were clearly indicative of fatigue. Under the present conditions fatigue of fast twitch motor units may explain the rapid decreases in output and excitation followed by nearly steady state levels of all registered parameters. As is the case for non-fatigued isokinetic plantar flexions, the motor unit recruitment order appears quite stereotyped during plantar flexion fatigue. The findings of significantly lower mean power spectrum during the first part of each contraction than during the second part may support the size-principle described by Henneman.
{"title":"Isokinetic plantar flexion endurance. Reliability and validity of output/excitation measurements.","authors":"A. Fugl-Meyer, B. Gerdle, B. Eriksson, B. Jonsson","doi":"10.2340/1650197785174752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/1650197785174752","url":null,"abstract":"The reliability and validity of isokinetic measurement of plantar flexion endurance has been studied by a method previously described by us which utilizes simultaneous measurements of mechanical contractional work (CW) and integrated electromyogram (iEMG). The reliability was gauged by test/re-test with a two year's interval; while validity was assessed by myoelectric power spectrum analyses. The output/input balance (CW/iEMG) remained unchanged for the group as well as inter-individually. Changes in myoelectric power spectrum as function of number of contractions were clearly indicative of fatigue. Under the present conditions fatigue of fast twitch motor units may explain the rapid decreases in output and excitation followed by nearly steady state levels of all registered parameters. As is the case for non-fatigued isokinetic plantar flexions, the motor unit recruitment order appears quite stereotyped during plantar flexion fatigue. The findings of significantly lower mean power spectrum during the first part of each contraction than during the second part may support the size-principle described by Henneman.","PeriodicalId":76523,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine","volume":"17 2 1","pages":"47-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48878479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.2340/1650197784167784
G. Mellin, A. Järvikoski, M. Verkasalo
The results of three weeks' treatment for low back pain were studied in 88 patients at a rehabilitation centre and in 63 outpatients. All the patients were male, and between 54 and 63 years of age. Physical measurements of spinal function were made before and two months after treatment; a questionnaire on back-pain symptoms was filled in before treatment and 2, 6 and 12 months after treatment. A back-pain index based on the replies to the questionnaires was used for evaluating the effects of the treatment. The average results showed that the effects of the treatment lasted six months but disappeared almost completely within a year. The material studied revealed no substantial difference between the results of the rehabilitation centre and outpatient treatment according to the physical measurements or the pain index.
{"title":"Treatment of patients with chronic low back pain. Comparison between rehabilitation centre and outpatient care.","authors":"G. Mellin, A. Järvikoski, M. Verkasalo","doi":"10.2340/1650197784167784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/1650197784167784","url":null,"abstract":"The results of three weeks' treatment for low back pain were studied in 88 patients at a rehabilitation centre and in 63 outpatients. All the patients were male, and between 54 and 63 years of age. Physical measurements of spinal function were made before and two months after treatment; a questionnaire on back-pain symptoms was filled in before treatment and 2, 6 and 12 months after treatment. A back-pain index based on the replies to the questionnaires was used for evaluating the effects of the treatment. The average results showed that the effects of the treatment lasted six months but disappeared almost completely within a year. The material studied revealed no substantial difference between the results of the rehabilitation centre and outpatient treatment according to the physical measurements or the pain index.","PeriodicalId":76523,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine","volume":"16 2 1","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42320974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.2340/165019778719159168
O. Svensson, G. Németh, J. Ekholm
Muscular load on the back and hip muscles was quantified and compared using a muscular strength utilization ratio (MUR). The MUR was obtained by dividing the total moment about the bilateral joint axis by the counteracting maximum muscular strength at the same joint angle. 72 different postures during simulated packing work were studied, with different combinations of box size, angle, edge height and weight. The MUR was calculated for a large, an average sized and a small man depending on whether they were all either strong, of average strength, or weak, thus giving nine MUR values for each posture. For a weak man, the MUR exceeded 100% in many postures. The largest box at a zero- or 30-degree angle to the horizontal with its upper edge 20 cm below elbow height gave the highest MUR, while the smallest box angled at 90 degrees with the upper edge 10 cm above elbow height gave the lowest. The presented concept of relating joint load to strength is proposed for use in preventive ergonomic counselling and in vocational rehabilitation.
{"title":"Relative mechanical load on back and hip muscles in standing position when handling materials manually. A study of packing work.","authors":"O. Svensson, G. Németh, J. Ekholm","doi":"10.2340/165019778719159168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/165019778719159168","url":null,"abstract":"Muscular load on the back and hip muscles was quantified and compared using a muscular strength utilization ratio (MUR). The MUR was obtained by dividing the total moment about the bilateral joint axis by the counteracting maximum muscular strength at the same joint angle. 72 different postures during simulated packing work were studied, with different combinations of box size, angle, edge height and weight. The MUR was calculated for a large, an average sized and a small man depending on whether they were all either strong, of average strength, or weak, thus giving nine MUR values for each posture. For a weak man, the MUR exceeded 100% in many postures. The largest box at a zero- or 30-degree angle to the horizontal with its upper edge 20 cm below elbow height gave the highest MUR, while the smallest box angled at 90 degrees with the upper edge 10 cm above elbow height gave the lowest. The presented concept of relating joint load to strength is proposed for use in preventive ergonomic counselling and in vocational rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":76523,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine","volume":"19 4 1","pages":"159-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47336982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.2340/1650197784139146
M. Nordin, G. Elfström, P. Dahlquist
Intra-abdominal pressures were measured simultaneously with a wireless radio pill and two wire-connected pressure transducers introduced orally and rectally respectively. Measurements were made on 8 men during common postures, simple activities and static and dynamic lifting. An acceptable correspondence was found in wave forms of the generated pressure curves in time and shape. The three systems showed, however, a less good agreement in recorded peak differences, i.e. highest and lowest pressure responses to each task. The radio pill is simple to use, but more difficult to calibrate and expensive, compared to the wire-connected methods, which however are less attractive for use in the work environment.
{"title":"Intra-abdominal pressure measurements using a wireless radio pressure pill and two wire connected pressure transducers: a comparison.","authors":"M. Nordin, G. Elfström, P. Dahlquist","doi":"10.2340/1650197784139146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/1650197784139146","url":null,"abstract":"Intra-abdominal pressures were measured simultaneously with a wireless radio pill and two wire-connected pressure transducers introduced orally and rectally respectively. Measurements were made on 8 men during common postures, simple activities and static and dynamic lifting. An acceptable correspondence was found in wave forms of the generated pressure curves in time and shape. The three systems showed, however, a less good agreement in recorded peak differences, i.e. highest and lowest pressure responses to each task. The radio pill is simple to use, but more difficult to calibrate and expensive, compared to the wire-connected methods, which however are less attractive for use in the work environment.","PeriodicalId":76523,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine","volume":"16 4 1","pages":"139-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47549296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.2340/1650197785171524
B. Hemborg, U. Moritz, J. Hamberg, E. Holmström, H. Löwing, I. Åkesson
Isometric training of the abdominal muscles is often recommended in programs of primary or secondary prevention for low-back pain. In this study 20 male workers with 2-18 years' history (average 5 1/2 years) of low-back pain without sciatica went through intense isometric abdominal muscle training for 5 weeks. Before and after training the subjects had trunk flexion and extension strength tests and a series of standardized lifts. The intraabdominal pressure (IAP) and the EMG activity of the oblique abdominal muscles, and of the erector spinae muscle were recorded. It was found that: the strength of the abdominal muscles increased; the increased strength was correlated to an improved recruitment of motor units in the oblique abdominal muscles; the EMG activity of the oblique abdominal muscles when lifting decreased after training, i.e. the acquired ability to recruit more motor units was not made use of; the IAP at lifting was generally not affected. A better knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for the IAP in different situations is needed to support advice on training or other prevention.
{"title":"Intra-abdominal pressure and trunk muscle activity during lifting. III. Effect of abdominal muscle training in chronic low-back patients.","authors":"B. Hemborg, U. Moritz, J. Hamberg, E. Holmström, H. Löwing, I. Åkesson","doi":"10.2340/1650197785171524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/1650197785171524","url":null,"abstract":"Isometric training of the abdominal muscles is often recommended in programs of primary or secondary prevention for low-back pain. In this study 20 male workers with 2-18 years' history (average 5 1/2 years) of low-back pain without sciatica went through intense isometric abdominal muscle training for 5 weeks. Before and after training the subjects had trunk flexion and extension strength tests and a series of standardized lifts. The intraabdominal pressure (IAP) and the EMG activity of the oblique abdominal muscles, and of the erector spinae muscle were recorded. It was found that: the strength of the abdominal muscles increased; the increased strength was correlated to an improved recruitment of motor units in the oblique abdominal muscles; the EMG activity of the oblique abdominal muscles when lifting decreased after training, i.e. the acquired ability to recruit more motor units was not made use of; the IAP at lifting was generally not affected. A better knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for the IAP in different situations is needed to support advice on training or other prevention.","PeriodicalId":76523,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine","volume":"17 1 1","pages":"15-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46997044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.2340/165019778719153158
Thomas Lundeberg, P. Abrahamsson, L. Bondesson, E. Haker
The placebo effect of vibratory stimulation was studied in 72 patients with chronic pain syndromes in a double-blind crossover trial using a vibrator and a "placebo unit". Pain alleviation was reported by 48% of the patients during vibratory stimulation compared with 34% for placebo treatment; statistical significance (p less than 0.005).
{"title":"Vibratory stimulation compared to placebo in alleviation of pain.","authors":"Thomas Lundeberg, P. Abrahamsson, L. Bondesson, E. Haker","doi":"10.2340/165019778719153158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/165019778719153158","url":null,"abstract":"The placebo effect of vibratory stimulation was studied in 72 patients with chronic pain syndromes in a double-blind crossover trial using a vibrator and a \"placebo unit\". Pain alleviation was reported by 48% of the patients during vibratory stimulation compared with 34% for placebo treatment; statistical significance (p less than 0.005).","PeriodicalId":76523,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine","volume":"19 4 1","pages":"153-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41878072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}