Stomatologiia. Stomatology最新文献

Some epidemiological and clinical-etiological studies are reported about the incidence of lingua nigra villosa (black hairy tongue) among 3334 children aged from 2 months to 14. It has been very convincingly established that the disease occurred in children administered antibiotics for the treatment of a primary disease. Some new data are presented about the clinical pathology of glossitis on the base of clinical, paraclinical, microbiological and virological studies and reliable possibilities of affecting by nistatin-prednisolone emulsion (NAP).

A total of 610 parents of children from pediatric institutions have been questioned in connection with their information about some of the basic causes of dental-jaw deformities and about their information sources. The results obtained reveal that the parents carefully observe in their children and detect almost always their harmful habits as sucking and oral breathing. What they lack is proper information and motivation to timely cope with those causes as well as to ask for the aid of the stomatologist when necessary. According to the parents, the most important is the role of the stomatologist and the mass media for their information. It is necessary, however, a more active use of those means as well as of the other health and educational workers associated with the rearing and education of the children so as to achieve a more effective health educational activity.

The biological tolerance and protective properties of inlays from cyanacrylate composites versus the toxic effect of the composition material have been studied in experiments on dogs. Three polymer compositions were tested in comparison with the widely used phosphate cement. For the purpose of the study, 60 cavities, class V, size 2:4:2.5 mm were treated. Dentin was covered with inlays from experimented materials and the cavities were obturated by evicrol. The histopathological reaction of the dental pulp to the tested materials was read on day 3, 1 and 3 months. They were established to have very good working properties and colour possibilities. No changes in the pulp characteristic for acute or chronic inflammatory reaction were established by the electron microscopic studies. The good immediate and remote results from the experiments carried out are good grounds to admit that the cyanacrylate composites studied are very adequate for application in dental defects with a medium depth and could successfully be applied in the clinical practice. Their suitable colour permits to be used under a thin layer of composition material, not affecting the final aesthetic effect of the obturations.

The authors studied two types of powdered alloy for amalgam without phase "Gamma-2"--"Stom-Am non gamma-2", production of TIC "Pharmachim", Bulgaria. They made obturations from the amalgams on trial to 45 healthy, extracted according to orthodontic indications, human teeth, preserved for 12 weeks in 10% gelatin solution with pH = 4.5 with lactic acid added to the solution in accordance to the international standard for studies on caries and periodontal diseases. On the base of the results from the studies the following conclusions could be drawn: 1. The transversal width of the lesions on the walls in case of amalgam obturations from the two alloys studied is considerably smaller versus that of obturations from the standard (ordinary) alloy for amalgam. 2. The difference in the effect of the two Bulgarian types of alloy tested is not significant, the number of the lesions in case of obturations with them being smaller. 3. The preamalgamation improves definitely only the possibility of shifting of the chips. 4. The amalgam obturations from the alloys without phase "gamma-2" tested, show a likely lower disposition to secondary caries than the obturations from the ordinary alloy for the amalgam.

A clinical case of herpetic manifestation in the mouth is described as a grave gingivostomatitis in a child aged 12. Chronology and symptomatics of the disease are analyzed in details as well as the difficulties both in diagnostics and treatment. Some important moments are discussed that usually aggravate the clinical picture and the treatment of similar conditions--including an antibiotic from penivillin group in the treatment, the presence of cutting teeth with inflammatory alterations around them, extraction. All possible diseases in the oral cavity are analyzed that could give a similar symptomatics as well as the tactics of the stomatologist until making the final diagnosis. The diagnosis was ex juvantibus elucidated Symptomatic treatment was carried out and paraclinical examinations performed enabling the authors to make the diagnosis recurrent herpetic infection with not typical course upon the oral mucosa induced by the virus of herpes simplex, type I.

Two groups of probands have been studied: experimental and control. After the clinically performed oral hygiene all probands stopped the brushing of the teeth for a 7-day period. The oral cavity was twice daily rinsed with 10 ml solution for 30 s--with "Antiplaque C" for the experimental and with placebo--for the control. All probands were taken bilateral probe-impressions according to Dzemileva, Stojanova and Popov in the area of 31 tooth, stained by crystal-violet and observed under light microscope and immersion. The cytological finding in the experimental group did not reveal an inflammatory process in the gingival sulcus whereas increased gingival exudate was established in the placebo group as well as intensified leukocyte migration and single erythrocytes (subclinical phase of inflammation). The bacterioscopic finding in the group, systematically used "Antiplaque C", was reduced to poor dental plaque, preserved "fresh" till the end of the 7-day period being predominantly coccoid-rod-like. In the placebo group the dental plaque "ages"--from coccoid-rod-like it turns into mainly fibril with multiple vibrios and spirillae. The cytological and bacterioscopic data objectivize the inhibitory effect of "Antiplaque C".

The incision of the soft tissues is an approbated method for the surgical treatment of the acute odontogenic osteomyelitis of the lower jaw and for the chronic--the sequestrectomy after the complete detachment of the sequestra. In the paper the authors share their experience in the surgical treatment of acute osteomyelitis and chronic odontogenic osteomyelitis as early as the phase of demarcation of the sequestra, with special attention paid to the extraoral drainage and local effect on the operated bone. In all other cases the operation wound in the oral cavity is sutured without drainage for healing by first intention. To some of the patients with developed acute osteomyelitis of the lower jaw, the authors applied the rarely practiced method of trephination of the bone, aiming at the reduction of the intraosseous pressure induced by the inflammatory process. Thirty nine patients have been treated according to the methods described and the results so far are a good evidence for their recommendation for the practice.

The problem of retention of the complete plate prostheses is complex and determined by a series of factors. The authors follow up the effect of the components of the adhesives for complete prostheses on the alteration of adhesion between the plate prosthesis and mucosa, carrying out model studies. They studied the effect of silicon dioxide and nystatin on the adhesion between the plate prosthesis and mucosa making use of an adhesive based on high molecular neutral polyethylene oxide. A method has been developed for the determination of the effectiveness of adhesives for plate prostheses.

A quantitative study on the immunoglobulins G, M, and A in serum and saliva was performed as well as of secretory immunoglobulin A and of the secretory component in the saliva of 35 patients with prosthetic stomatitis and 30 healthy controls without prostheses. The method of radial immune-diffusion in agar according to Mancini, modification of G. Stankova et al. (1983) was used. The study established that there was no statistically significant difference (p greater than 0.05) in the values of immunoglobulins G, M and A in the sera of the subjects from both groups. Statistically significant increase (p less than 0.001) of the values of the immunoglobulin A, secretory immunoglobulin A and secretory component was established in the saliva of the patients with prosthetic stomatitis as compared with the same values in the control group, very likely due to the local reaction of saliva to the present prosthetic constructions.

An interesting clinical case of fixed dental prostheses is described, performed via Bulgarian bioceramic intraosseous implants and two retained teeth on the upper jaw, i.e. indications for complete prostheses in a 38-years old female patient. The case has been solved in a way so that when necessary (retention of implants) guarantees a removable prosthesis with Bulgarian traverse-joint elements.